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Fundamental Concepts in Remedial Law
Fundamental Concepts in Remedial Law
FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS
REMEDIAL LAW is that branch of law which prescribes the method of enforcing rights or
obtaining redress for their invasion [Bustos vs. Lucero, 81 Phil. 640]. It is also known as
Adjective Law.
JURISDICTION is the power to hear and decide cases [Herrera vs. Baretto & Joaquin, 25 Phil.
245]. It is the power with which courts are invested with the power of administering justice, that
is, for hearing and deciding cases. In order for the court to have authority to dispose of a case
on the merits, it must acquire jurisdiction over the subject matter and the parties [Republic
Planters Bank vs. Molina, 166 SCRA 39].
JURISDICTION VENUE
The authority to hear and determine a case The place where the case is to be heard or
tried
A matter of substantive law A matter of procedural law
Establishes a relation between the court and Establishes a relation between plaintiff and
the subject matter defendant, or petitioner and respondent
Fixed by law and cannot be conferred by the May be conferred by the act or agreement of
parties the parties
ELEMENTS OF JURISDICTION:
(1) Jurisdiction over the (2) Jurisdiction over the (3) Jurisdiction over the res
subject matter or nature of parties
the case
It is conferred by law (BP Jurisdiction over the person It is acquired by the seizure of
129), and does not depend on of the plaintiff is acquired by the thing under legal process
the objection or the acts or the filing of the initiatory whereby it is brought into
omissions of the parties or pleading, like a complaint. actual custody of law, or it
anyone of them [Republic vs. may result from the institution
Sangalang, 159 SCRA 515]. of a legal proceeding wherein
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the power of the court over
the thing is recognized and
made effective [Banco-
It is not waivable, except in Jurisdiction over the person Español Filipino vs. Palanca,
cases of estoppel to question of the defendant is acquired 37 Phil. 291].
or raise jurisdiction [Tijam by the proper service of
vs. Sibonghanoy, 23 SCRA summons, or by his voluntary
29]. appearance in court and his
submission to the authority of
It is determined upon the the court [Paramount
allegations made in the Industries vs. Luna, 148
complaint, irrespective of SCRA 564].
whether the plaintiff is
entitled or not, to recover
upon the claim asserted
therein, a matter resolved
only after and as a result of
the trial.
(1) Territorial jurisdiction (2) Jurisdiction over the (3) Jurisdiction over the
subject matter person of the accused
It is determined by the It is determined by the It is acquired by the voluntary
geographical area over which allegations of the complaint appearance or surrender of
a court presides, and the fact or information in accordance the accused or by his arrest
that the crime was committed, with the law in force at the [Choc vs. Vera, 64 Phil.
or any of its essential time of the institution of the 1066].
ingredients took place within action, not at the time of its
said area [US vs. Jueves, 23 commission [US vs. Mallari,
Phil. 100]. 24 Phil. 366].
1. In all civil actions in which the subject of the litigation is incapable of pecuniary
estimation;
2. In all civil actions which involve the title to, or possession of, real property, or any
interest therein, where the assessed value of the property involved exceeds P20,000, or
for civil actions in Metro Manila where such value exceeds P50,000 except actions for
forcible entry into and unlawful detainer of lands or buildings, original jurisdiction over
which is conferred upon the MeTC, MTC, and MCTC;
3. In all actions in admiralty and maritime jurisdiction where the demand or claim exceeds
P200,00, or in Metro Manila where such demand or claim exceeds P400,00;
4. In all matters of probate, both testate and intestate, where the gross value of the estate
exceeds P200,00 or probate mattes in Metro Manila where such value exceeds P400,000;
5. In all actions involving the contract of marriage and marital relations;
6. In all cases not within the exclusive jurisdiction of any court, tribunal, person or body
exercising juridicial or quasi-judicial functions;
7. In all civil actions and civil proceedings falling within the exclusive original jurisdiction
of a Juvenile and Domestic Relations Court and of the Court of Agrarian Relations as
now provided by law; and
8. In all other cases in which the demand, exclusive of interest and damages of whatever
kind, attorney’s fees, litigation expenses, and cost or the value of the property in
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controversy exceeds P200,000, or in such other cases in Metro Manila where the
demand, exclusive of the above-mentioned items exceeds P400,000.
1. Cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, and other petitions for
certiorari, prohibition, mandamus, quo warranto, and habeas corpus.
2. All cases involving the constitutionality of a treaty, international or executive agreement,
or law, which shall be heard by the SC en banc, and all other cases which under the
Rules of Court are required to be heard en banc, including those involving the
constitutionality, application, or operation of presidential decrees, proclamations,
orders, instructions, ordinances, and other regulations, shall be decided with the
concurrence of the majority of the Members who actually took part in the deliberation on
the issues in the case and voted thereon;
3. Cases on matters heard by a division shall be decided or resolved with the concurrence
of a majority of the Members who actually took part in the deliberations on the issues in
the case and voted thereon, and in no case, without the concurrence of at least three of
such Members.
4. The Supreme Court has the power to:
(a) exercise original jurisdiction over cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and
consuls, and over petitions for certiorari, prohibition, mandamus, quo warranto, and habeas
corpus;
(b) review, revise, reverse, modify, of affirm on appeal or certiorari, as the law or the Rules of
Court may provide, final judgments and orders of lower courts in:
(1) all cases in which the constitutionality or validity of any treaty, international or executive
agreement, law presidential decree, proclamation, order, instruction, ordinance, or regulations
is in question;
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(2) all cases involving the legality of any tax, impost, assessment, or toll, or any penalty
imposed in relation thereto;
(3) all cases in which the jurisdiction of any lower court is in issue;
(4) all criminal cases in which the penalty imposed in reclusive perpetua or higher;
CLASSES OF JURISDICTION:
General – power to adjudicate all controversies except those expressly withheld from the
plenary powers of the court.
Special or Limited – restricts the courts jurisdiction only to particular cases and subject to
such limitations as may be provided by the governing law.
Original – power of the court to take judicial cognizance of a case instituted for judicial
action for the first time under conditions provided by law.
Appellate – authority of a court higher in rank to re-examine the final order or judgment of
a lower court which tried the case now elevated for judicial review.
Exclusive – power to adjudicate a case or proceeding to the exclusion of all other courts at
that stage.