1/16/2021 JavaScript for Loop

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JavaScript For Loop

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Loops can execute a block of code a number of times.

JavaScript Loops
Loops are handy, if you want to run the same code over and over again, each time with
a different value.

Often this is the case when working with arrays:

Instead of writing:
text += cars[0] + "<br>";
text += cars[1] + "<br>";
text += cars[2] + "<br>";
text += cars[3] + "<br>";
text += cars[4] + "<br>";
text += cars[5] + "<br>";

You can write:

var i;
for (i = 0; i < cars.length; i++) {

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text += cars[i] + "<br>";

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}

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Different Kinds of Loops

JavaScript supports different kinds of loops:

for - loops through a block of code a number of times

for/in - loops through the properties of an object
for/of - loops through the values of an iterable object
while - loops through a block of code while a specified condition is true
do/while - also loops through a block of code while a specified condition is true

The For Loop

The for loop has the following syntax:

for (statement 1; statement 2; statement 3) {

// code block to be executed
}

Statement 1 is executed (one time) before the execution of the code block.

Statement 2 defines the condition for executing the code block.

Statement 3 is executed (every time) after the code block has been executed.

Example

for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

text += "The number is " + i + "<br>";
}

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From the example above, you can read:

Statement 1 sets a variable before the loop starts (var i = 0).

Statement 2 defines the condition for the loop to run (i must be less than 5).

Statement 3 increases a value (i++) each time the code block in the loop has been
executed.

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Statement 1
Normally you will use statement 1 to initialize the variable used in the loop (i = 0).

This is not always the case, JavaScript doesn't care. Statement 1 is optional.

You can initiate many values in statement 1 (separated by comma):

Example
for (i = 0, len = cars.length, text = ""; i < len; i++) {
text += cars[i] + "<br>";
}

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And you can omit statement 1 (like when your values are set before the loop starts):

Example
var i = 2;
var len = cars.length;
var text = "";
for (; i < len; i++) {
text += cars[i] + "<br>";
}

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Statement 2
Often statement 2 is used to evaluate the condition of the initial variable.

This is not always the case, JavaScript doesn't care. Statement 2 is also optional.

If statement 2 returns true, the loop will start over again, if it returns false, the loop will
end.

If you omit statement 2, you must provide a break inside the loop. Otherwise the loop
will never end. This will crash your browser. Read about breaks in a later chapter of this
tutorial.

Statement 3
Often statement 3 increments the value of the initial variable.

This is not always the case, JavaScript doesn't care, and statement 3 is optional.

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Statement 3 can do anything like negative increment (i--), positive increment (i = i +

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or anything else.

Statement 3 can also be omitted (like when you increment your values inside the loop):

Example

var i = 0;
var len = cars.length;
for (; i < len; ) {
text += cars[i] + "<br>";
i++;
}

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The For/In Loop

The JavaScript for/in statement loops through the properties of an object:

Example
var person = {fname:"John", lname:"Doe", age:25};

var text = "";

var x;
for (x in person) {
text += person[x];
}

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The For/Of Loop

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The JavaScript for/of statement loops through the values of an iterable objects.
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for/of lets you loop over data structures that are iterable such as Arrays, Strings,
Maps, NodeLists, and more.

The for/of loop has the following syntax:

for (variable of iterable) {

// code block to be executed
}

variable - For every iteration the value of the next property is assigned to the variable.
Variable can be declared with const , let , or var .

iterable - An object that has iterable properties.

Looping over an Array

Example
var cars = ["BMW", "Volvo", "Mini"];
var x;

for (x of cars) {
document.write(x + "<br >");
}

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Looping over a String

Example

var txt = "JavaScript";

var x;

for (x of txt) {

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