1) The document discusses how RFID technology can be used to monitor heart failure patients remotely by implanting tiny RFID tags that detect vital signs and transmit the data along with the patient's location to emergency responders.
2) An RFID tag implanted in the body would detect the pulse and transmit the data wirelessly to an RFID reader in a cell phone. The reader would send the data to a tracking station, which uses GPS to determine the patient's location.
3) If signs of heart failure are detected, the tracking station would automatically alert rescue units and provide the patient's location to allow for a rapid emergency response.
Original Description:
Original Title
82099503 Heart Failure Alert System Using Rfid Technology
1) The document discusses how RFID technology can be used to monitor heart failure patients remotely by implanting tiny RFID tags that detect vital signs and transmit the data along with the patient's location to emergency responders.
2) An RFID tag implanted in the body would detect the pulse and transmit the data wirelessly to an RFID reader in a cell phone. The reader would send the data to a tracking station, which uses GPS to determine the patient's location.
3) If signs of heart failure are detected, the tracking station would automatically alert rescue units and provide the patient's location to allow for a rapid emergency response.
1) The document discusses how RFID technology can be used to monitor heart failure patients remotely by implanting tiny RFID tags that detect vital signs and transmit the data along with the patient's location to emergency responders.
2) An RFID tag implanted in the body would detect the pulse and transmit the data wirelessly to an RFID reader in a cell phone. The reader would send the data to a tracking station, which uses GPS to determine the patient's location.
3) If signs of heart failure are detected, the tracking station would automatically alert rescue units and provide the patient's location to allow for a rapid emergency response.
Abstract RFID or Radio Frequency identification is a technology
that enables the tracking or identification of objects using IC based tags with an RF circuit and antenna, and RF readers that "read" and in some case modify the Now-a-days the deaths caused due to the heart information stored in the IC memory. RFID is an failure have been of major concern .The majority of the automated data-capture technology that can be used to deaths caused by heart failures are due to the lack of electronically identify, track, and store information about medical assistance in time. groups of products, individual items, or product This paper gives an insight of a new technology that components. The technology consists of three key relates directly to the exploding wireless marketplace. This pieces: technology is a whole new wireless and RFID (Radio • RFID tags; Frequency Identification) enabled frontier in which a • RFID readers; victim’s actual location is integral for providing valuable • A data collection and management medical services. system. The paper will be demonstrating for the first time ever the Rfid tags: usage of wireless telecommunications systems and RFID tags are small or miniaturized computer chips miniature sensor devices like RFID passive Tags , that are programmed with information about a product or with a smaller than a grain of rice and equipped with a tiny number that corresponds to information that is stored in a antenna which will capture and wirelessly transmit a database. The tags can be located inside or on the surface of person's vital body-function data, such as pulse or body the product, item, or packing material. temperature , to an integrated ground station. In addition, The RF tags could be divided in two major groups: the antenna will also receive information regarding the Passive, where the power to energize the tag’s circuitry is location of the individual from the GPS (Global Positioning draw from the reader generated field. Satellite) System. Both sets of data medical information Active, in this case the tag has an internal power source, in and location will then be wirelessly transmitted to the general a battery that could be replaceable or Not. ground station and made available to save lives by remotely Rfid readers: monitoring the medical conditions of at-risk patients and RFID readers are querying systems that interrogate providing emergency rescue units with the person's exact or send signals to the tags and receive the responses. RFID location. readers are usually on, continually transmitting radio This paper gives a predicted general model for Heart energy and awaiting any tags that enter their Failure Alert System. It also discusses the Algorithm for field of operation. Thus, it is possible to configure an RFID converting the Analog pulse to Binary data in the tag and reader so that it sends the radio pulse only in response to an the Algorithm for Alerting the Location & Tracking external event.The largest readers might consist of a Station. It discusses in detail the various stages involved in desktop personal computer with a special card and multiple tracking the exact location of the Victim using this antennas connected to the card through shielded cable. technology. Such a reader would typically have a network connection Keywords: as well so that it could report tags that it reads to other RFID, RFID-passive tags, GPS, PAM. computers. The smallest readers are the size of a postage 1. Introduction: stamp and are It is tough to declare convincingly what is the most designed to be embedded in mobile telephones. important organ of our body.And one of the primary organs 2. General Model for Heart Failure Alert which the body cannot dowithout is the heart, 72 beats a System: minute or over a trillion in alifetime. The pump house of Heart Failure Alert System using Rfid Technology our body pumping the blood to every corner of our body every moment, thus sending oxygen and nutrients to each 294 and every cell. Over a period of time, the heart muscles go The Heart Failure Alert System consists of: weak, the arteries get blocked and sometimes because of a • RFID Tag (Implanted into Human body). shock a part of the heart stops functioning resulting in what • RFID Reader (Placed in a Cellular Phone). is called a HEART ATTACK. • Global Positioning Satellite System. Heart attack is a major cause of death and in today’s • Locating & Tracking Station. tension full world it has become very common. Presently • Mobile Rescue Units. there is no mechanism by which a device monitors a The grain-sized RFID Tag is implanted into the human person’s heart 24 hours a day, 7 days a week and gives him body, instant protection in case of problem. Our primary focus is which keeps track of the heart pulse in the form of Voltage on people with a history of heart problem as they are more levels. A RFID Reader is placed into the Cellular Phone. prone to death due to heart failure. In the 1970s, a group of The scientists at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory (LLL) RFID Reader sends a Command to the RFID Tag which in realized that a handheld receiver stimulated by RF power turn sends these Voltage pulses in the form of bits using the could send back a coded radio signal.Such a system could Embedded Software in the Tag as Response which is a be connected to a simple computer and used to control continuous process. These bit sequence is then sent to access to a secure facility. Software Program in the Cellular Phone as input and International Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and checks for the Condition of Heart Failure. If any sign of Informatics Failure is sensed then immediately an ALERT Signal will 295 be generated and in turn results in the AUTODIALING to Fig: Analog-Binary Digits Conversion in Tags the Locating & Tracking Station. This station with the use Working of rfid reader inside cellular phone: of GPS System comes to know the Whereabouts of the The RFID reader sends a pulse of radio energy to the tag Victim. The Locating & Tracking Station also and listens for the Tag’s response. The tag detects this simultaneously alerts the Rescue Units. energy and sends back a response that contains the tag’s 3. Working of implanted rfid tags: serial number and possibly other information as well. In Passive RFID systems typically couple the transmitter simple RFID systems, the reader’s pulse of energy to the receiver with either load modulation or backscatter, functioned as an on-off switch; in more sophisticated depending on whether the tags are operating in the near or systems, the reader’s RF signal can contain commands to far field of the reader, respectively. In the near field, a tag the tag, instructions to read or write couples with a reader via electromagnetic inductance. The memory that the tag contains. Historically, RFID readers antennas of both the reader and the tag are formed as coils, were designed to read only a particular kind of tag, RFID using many turns of small gauge wire. The reader readers are usually on, continually transmitting radio communicates with the tag by modulating a carrier wave, energy and awaiting any tags that enter their field of which it does by varying the amplitude, phase, or frequency operation. of the carrier, depending on the design of the RFID system Fig: RFID Reader in cellular phone. in question. The tag communicates with the reader by The Reader continuously sends the Command to the tags varying how much it loads its antenna. This in turn affects and in turn receives the Voltage levels in the form of bit the voltage across the reader’s antenna. By switching the sequence as Response from the tags with the help of the load on and off rapidly, the tag can establish its BIN_ENC algorithm. The reader sends the received Bit own carrier frequency (really a sub carrier) that the tag can Sequence to a software embedded in the cellular phone , In In turn modulate to communicate its reply. case of detection of a weak heart pulse this software Fig: Grain sized RFID Tag automatically alerts the Tracking & Location station . The RFID Tags are smaller than a grain of rice and equipped software uses the with a tiny antenna will capture and wirelessly transmit a Algorithm ALERT. person's vital body-function data, such as pulse and do not Alg ALERT: require line of sight. These tags are capable of identifying Step 1: Read the bit sequence from the Reader. the Heart pulses in the form of Voltage levels and converts Step 2: Count for the no of bit zeros in the data using into a bit sequence. a counter. The first step in A-D Conversion is Pulse Amplitude Step 3: If you encounter a bit one, then set counter to Modulation(PAM).This takes an Analog signal, samples it zero. and generates a sequence of pulses based on the results of Step 4: If the counter is equal to five then go to Step 5 the Sampling(measuring the Amplitude at equal else go to Step 1. intervals)PCM(Pulse Code Modulation)quantizes PAM Step 5: Send alert to the nearest Locating & Tracking Pulses.ie the method of assigning integral values in a Station. specific range to sampled instances. The binary encoding of 4. Stages In Heart Failure Alert System: these integral values is done based on the Algorithm Stage 1: BIN_ENC The Tag continuously senses the Heart Pulses, when the depending on the Average Heart pulse voltage of the Reader sends a Command it sends the output of the Victim BIN_ENC() as the Response to the Reader. (Avg_pulse). /*Module for the Conversion of Analog Signals to Alg BIN_ENC: Binary Step1: Read the Analog Signals from the Heart. digits*/ Step2: Sample the Analog Signal and generate series of BIN_ENC() pulses based on the { Results of Sampling based on the Tag Frequency. Scanf (“The Value of the generated Sample %f”, Value); Step3: Assign Integral Values to each Sampled If (+Avg_pulse<Value<-Ang_pulse) Instances {Bit=0 ;} generated. else if (Value>+Avg_pulse || Value<-Avg_pulse) Step4: Consider every Individual Sampled Unit and {Bit=1 ;} Compare with the Average } Voltage Level of the Heart. Stage 2: Step5: If the Sampled Instance Value is in between the Heart Failure Alert System using Rfid Technology avg_pulse Values 296 Then Assign BIT=0 The bits obtained are sent to the ALERT() program to Otherwise Assign BIT=1 check Step6: Generate the bit sequence by considering all the whether the bit is ’BIT 0’ or ’BIT 1’.If a ‘BIT 0’ is generated Individual encountered, the counter is incremented and again it checks Sample Instances. for the next bit. If a ‘BIT 1’is encountered then counter is set to zero and it again checks for the next bit. If counter=5 then it alerts the Locating & Tracking Station. /*Module for checking the Weak Pulse */ ALERT () { if (bit==0) { counter++; } else {counter=0 ;} if(counter==5) { printf(“ Report ‘Weak Pulse Detected’ to Locating & Tracking System”); counter=0; } } Stage 3: A Special ALERT message is sent to the Locating & Tracking System through the Cellular Phone by making use of features like AutoMessaging, Autodialling which will be provided by the Cellular Network Service Provider. Then the Locating & Tracking Station simultaneously sends an ALERT to the Mobile Rescue Unit and sends a request to GPS System for the proper location of the RFID Reader (or the Cellular Phone).The Locating & Tracking Station sends an simultaneous ALERT to both the GPS System & Mobile Rescue Unit in order to alert the Rescue team in the Mobile Rescue Unit to indicate a possible Heart Failure within the radius of the Unit. The GPS System mean-while tracks the exact location of the Victim and it guides the Mobile Rescue Unit to the destination in time and provides immediate medical assistance to the Victim. 5. Conclusion: This new technology will open up a new era in the field of Biomedical Engineering .The only drawback of this technology is that, It doesn’t give the promise of saving every person who is implanted with the tag and using this technology. In the near future; we would like to extend the technology so that every customer who is implanted with the tags and those who have been using the technology will be saved. The Worlds first GSM phone (NOKIA 5140)offering with RFID reading capability has already come into the market, In the near future the rfid readers would come into the wrist watches, which would be handy than the cellular phones. This new technology would probably become cheaper in the F uture. In the near future we hope this new technology would etably reduce the deaths due to heart failures. Fig: Nokia 5140 Handset offering RIFD Reader