1 Astudent investigates the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis in elodea (an aquatic plant). Fig. 1.1 shows the apparatus used. elodea Fig. 14 ‘The student counts the number of bubbles of gas released in one minute. ‘They repeat this with water at diferent temperatures. Fig. 1.2is a graph of thei results. 80 70 number ofbubbles 40: per minute 20 10 0 2 36 45 55 65 18 temperature/*C Fig. 1.2(a) (i) Name the ges released by the elodea. {i (li) Describe the results shown in Fig. 1.2 Include data from Fig. 1.2 in your answer. (b) Photosynthesis is an enzyme-controlled reaction. Explain the results between 55-65°C. (6), Most photosynthesis ocours in the leaves, ‘Some of the carbohydrates produced are stored in the roots, ())_ Name a carbohydrate stored in the roots of plants. ( (li) Describe how carbohydrates are transported from the leaves to the roots.2 {a) Table 2.1 shows some information about the structure of atoms. Complete Table 2.1 a Table 24 particle charge relative mase lecton neutron 1 proton “4 (b) There are two isotopes of bromine. One isotope is called bromine-79 andthe other scaled tromine-81, () Table 2.2 shows some information about one atom of each isotope of bromine. Complete Table 2.2 el Table 22 umber of | number ot | number of symbol protons neutrons | electrons tromine79 | pr 35 44 35 bromine 81 (W)_ The two Isotopes of bromine have the same chemical properties. Explain why. ~ fy(c) Sodium is a metal. Bromine is a non-metal. ‘Sodium reacts with bromine to form sodium bromide. ‘Sodium bromide is an ionic compound, ()) Describe how metallic elements and non-metallic elements form ionic bonds. (li) Explain why bromine, Brp, hes a low melting point (2 [Total 10]kinetic energy = JT (b) The elephant stands with all four feet on the ground. The area of each foot is 0.06m?. ‘The gravitational field stongthie 1ON/kg Calculate the pressure exerted by the elephant on the ground. pressure = Nie (3) (©) Infrasound is a very low frequency sound wave which is below the lowest frequency that a human is able to hear. Elephants communicate with each other using infresound. ‘Suggest a possible frequency for infresound, Explain your answer. frequency . oH explanation -o(d) Fig. 3.1 represents the infrasound wave travelling through the air as a series of compressions and rarefactions. Fig. 3.4 (On Fig. 3.1 label one compression with the letter C. tt) (li) On Fig. 3.1 use @ double headed arrow (<—>) to indicate one wavelength. tt) (li) Describe the difference between a compression and a rarefaction in terms of particles in air. Total: 9]4 (a) Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disease. The allele for developing cysiic fbrosisis recessive, b. ‘The allele for not developing cystic fibrosis is dominant, 8. People with a heterozygous genotype are described as cerriers of the disease. They can pass the allele to their offspring but do not show the symptoms of cystic fibrosis. Fig. 4.1 isa pedigree diagram showing the inheritance of cystic fibrosis. Each person ie represented by a letter. @ Generation 1 ri @ () iO @ Generation D ® av O male female Key | BB BB Wie female Bb Bb male female bo bb Fig. 41 Generation 3 ())_ State the total number of poople thet are cartiors of eystic fibrosis in Fig. 4.1 (ll) Identty the letter of one person who has cystic Mbrosis. m{b} Generation 3 had offspring of their own. The boxes on the left of Fig. 4.2 show the genotypes of the genetic cross. ‘The boxes on the right of Fig. 4.2 show the genotypes of the offepring. () OnFig. 4.2, draw one line from each genetic cross to its offspring genotypes. Use the space provided for your working, genetic cross offspring genotypes cross 1: Bb xBb BB, Bb cross 2: BB x Bb BB, Bb, bb ‘cross 3: Bb x bb bb cross 4: bb xbb Bb, bb Fig. 4.2 8 (i) Name the type of breeding shown in genetic cross 4 in Fig. 4.2. ~ [i (c) Explain why cystic fibrosis is an example of discontinuous variation.{d) One of the symptoms of cystic fibrosis is the excess production of thick sticky mucus in the airways of the lungs. Cilia find it difficult to remove the excess mucus. Explain the effects of this on the gas exchange system. B) Total: 11]5 Fig. 5.1 shows the electrolysis of dilute sufuric acid. lute sulfuric acd platinum electrodes dc. supply Fig. 5.1 (a) Hydrogen gas, H, is made at tne catode. ® State the name of the gas mede at the anode. a (i) Wiite the ionic hal-equation forthe formation of hydrogen gas. ne 2 (b) Hydrogen gas is also made by the electrolysis of concentrated aqueous sodium chloride. Chlorine gas is made at the anode in this process. The ionic hat-equetion forthe reaction is shown. 201- ~ 26° > Cl, (i). State i this reaction Is oxidation or reducton. Explein your answer ne tt w Describe the test for chlorine gas and its positive result. 16S orn result a(lil) The total volume of chlorine gas produced at 25°C in an electrolysis experiment is 4.gom®, Calculate the number of moles of chlorine gas in 4.8cm®, The molar gas volume is 24 dm?. UMEr OF MOIES = ers - (2) (6) Chlorine reacts with equeous sodium iodide, NaI. State the formulae of the products made in this reaction. and nm Total: 9]6 (a) Describe how thermal energy passes through copper by conduction. (b) Copper boils at 2582°C. Describe two differences between boling and evaporation. Vso {c)_ Equal volumes of air, copper and water are heated from 10°C to 20° Stale which of these materials wil expend: least. a) (d) copper wire of length 0.5m has a resistance of 0.022. Determine the resistance of another copper wire of length 0.25m that has twice the cross- sectional area. resistance(e) Two wires are connected in parellel ‘One wire hae a resistance of 0.400. The other wire hae a resistance of 0.600. Calculate the combined resistance of the two wites connected together in parallel. resistance = 2 (2) (f) Copper wire is used in the coil of a generator. Fig. 6.1 shows a simple a.c. generator. Fig. 6.1 © On Fig. 6.1 label the coll with the letter C. tm (W) An electromotive force (e.1.f.) Is induced In the rotating coll ‘State two factors that would increase the magnitude of the induced e.m. 1. ‘2 (otal: 12)7 (a) Fig.7.1 ie a diagram of a fotus inside a uterus, Fig. 7.4 ‘Table 7.1 shows the functions of some parts shown in Fig. 7.1. Table 7.4 name of part | letter in Fig. 7.4 function F caries nutrient rich blood to fetus contains amniotic uid ‘amniotic fuid protects baby from mechanical damaga site of exchange between the blood of the fetus and the mother () Complete Table 7.1 4 (il) Name one gas that is transferred from the blood of the fetus to the mother's blood. {1(b) Pregnancy can occur after fertilisation. ())_ Name the two types of gametes involved in fertilisation in humans. ~ (1) (li) Name the process that is involved in the production of gametes. ~ (1) (lil) Describe two differences between the nuclei in gametes and those in body cells. 1 [Total: 9]8 Calcum eartonate, CaCO, reacts with ute hycrochione acid ‘Caleur ehlonde, CaCl, carton dexide and water are made. {@) Wee the talanced symbol equation fr this resetion. el {@). The nysrochiorc acid used in he expermmant ix made by assolvng 0.75 motes of hydrogen chev ln SOO? of wale. Calculate he concentration of the ydroctirie acid in nat cr?, ‘concentration © = mal di (2 \(€) The raleof this reaction can be changed by changing the concentration of the acid. EEnplsin the effect of changing the concentration ofthe acid on ie rate of ha renction. Use ideas about particles.(8) Tha reacsan betueen calcium carbonate and hyochlose acid 1 exothermic. 1) State me meaning of an exomermic reset. tt (Fig, 1 shows an eneray level cksaram for an exchermi reaction, reaction progress Fig. State which aman, A. oF C, shows tre ctivaton energy forthe reaction. wos meen (tet 99 (a) Visble ght and yeodiation are bots used in hospitals. They are bob examples of ‘laciromagmlic waves prarsaton baves at. speed o 3.0: Wim is ia vacuure (i) State me speed atwhict vibe Hight eaves ina vacuum. _ mie (1) speeds (8) practaton hes # wavetengih of 8x 10-¥m, ‘Calculate the raquency of peaciason ‘State the unt of your answer. a srequency =... (©) Doctors use vile ight ane optical ores to gee inside the human bed ‘Visible ight pases along optical bres by tla internal reflection. (1) Fig. 91 shows avay ofight passing into an cpical tbe, ‘On Fig. 9.1 continue ma ray of ight to show its path rough the optical hee. i Fg. 2.8 om (@) Epiain why total inert refiseson occurs,(@) Doctors use an tap of ie, 123 teaming Bi RYE gn of 8 pent ‘mal quanies of 1-123 ae sorbed by tne yo gland 1.123 erm yeesaon whieh ie datacad utter ody 1.123 na atte of 13 nous (0), Give wo reasene wy 1-123 2 eutabie fer use Insise the body. (8) Asap of 123 contain 8 x 104 alors. ‘Somatene later 6 x 10% atoms have decayed. ‘Caleutate te time needed for tis number of atoms to decay. [ota 10)10 (2), Plant shoots respond! to stimu auch 92 ight. Fig. 10:1 shows ma grow reponse of shoot to igh carecton cofgnt soot Fig. 10.1 10) Name the responce shown in Fig. 10.1. (8) Draw an X on Fig. 10:1 to show the sre with the greatest eet elongation nm 8) Name he Hermon that cantrels cel elongation. (®) Fig. 102 shows 9 plant shoot wath the ip removed ‘arecton cof aght root Fig. 10.2 ‘State why he ehoot in Fig, 10.2.a14 not bend.{€)_ Explain wry plants nees magnesium tone for photosynthesis and healt growth Use ideas ane enargy in your anewer. {€) Grower fe one ofthe characters of ving things. 0) Compiege the dafintion of te tarm grown. Grew 8 ee by an increas in call mur or cei size or Bon. el (8) State me name of two other characteris of Iving tings. 1 (ota: 11){it Peboleum is separated into usaf chemicals by fractional disilltion. Fig. 11.1 shows @ feacSanating column. refinery 936 gacome naphtha diesel ol heated petroleum —e oumen Fig. (a) Table 11.1 shaw he uss of some oft traction, ‘Complete Table 11.4 BI Table ttt traction use tmumen fo diese at aphina ascline refinery gas(B) Butane i a nydrecarbon found in refinery gas. 1G) State two propertias of butane gas, (3) Butane i. type of hydrocarbon called an alkane, Complete Fig. 11.2 to shaw me siucture of abutane molecule. ‘Show ll ofthe alors and all al the eovalen! bonds. 4 | € i H Fig. 112 Bl cee a {€) Ethene, C,H, I an alkene made by the cracking of lege sane rchecales Ethene reacts win sles to mate ethanol. C,j0H Gy + HO > CH0H (0) State one omer method of making ethanol menennemn (8) tnanexperment 5.649 af etnene reacte with excess steam. CCaleutote the maxima mass of ethanol tat can be mace,42 (a) Fig, 12.1 shows. an airrat being reuelled using a plasic pipe, asic pe Fig. 12.1 ‘Ae te fuel howe through the pip. the fuel and pipe become electrically charged. Enplain why he hel becomes nagasvely charged and the pipe becomes poslively charges(©) Fig. 12.212me speec-eme graph forthe aircraft during take-ol eon soo aug aan 200 on. o))60 0S tees Fig. 122 (0) Colette the acoateration at 25 sacons, seeeleration = mis? (8) State now tne graph shows at the acceleration of thesireraft ie constant between 5:08 and 45.08. eleo ™ During the fight he pressure inside the aircraft cabin Gacreases but the lenperare fs kapteonstant. Use ideas about gat molecules to ascribe the change in pressure in tern of the arrangementand motion of molecules. ‘The arcraft les ot ahigh almude, Some water on he outsise ofthe alert body tums to ic. DDaseribe in tems of mnisculse motion and arrangement ow ic dfs trom quia water,‘The Periodic Taba of Elements Gaue ‘The voumectonamol ofany gaels 24dn*at mom lerperstumandgressiray-tp).