EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE

JOURNAL

Supervisor :M. Rizqi Azmi, S.H, M.H

COMPILED BY THE GROUB 2

FAKULTAS HUKUM
UNVERSITAS ISLAM RIAU
PEKANBARU
2021
 COMPILED BY:

1) ADITYA PRATAMA ( 181010653)

2) ALBIANSYAH NUGRAHA (181010617)

3) DANDI PRATAMA (181010624)

4) DESRIANI PUTRI PERDANA DAULAY (181010262)

5) FATIMAH AZZAHRA (181010625)

6) HENDRIK VIERI (181010404)

7) HOPPY OKTA DIANDRA (181010620)

8) IRA NURSAFITRI (191010006)

9) LISA RAHANUL AMALIA (191010206

10) MEZA LUNA D`AZZURI (191010006)

11) NOVIRAHMAYANI (181010677)

12) NURUL INSANI (181010599)

13) OKTA CARLO (181010023)

14) SHERLI TANISIA PUTRI (181010263)

15) SURYA RAHMADI (181010471)

16) TASSYA DINI FEBRIANI (181010642)

17) TENGKU FEDRIK (181010697)

18) WAHYUDI NOOR(181010494)

19) YOGI SEPTIAND (181010265)

 ABSTRAK
Exclusive Economic Zone is an important matter for Indonesia as an archipelagic country
largest in the world. Indonesia has tremendous wealth potential, especially in the region the sea.
The potential is in the form of oil and gas and minerals in addition to fisheries. This potential
will be very beneficial to improve people's welfare and strength Indonesian nation. Indonesia's
geographical position has a strategic value both economically and global politics. Indonesia
borders with 11 neighboring countries very positive, but there is also a downside if it is not
managed properly, integrated and comprehensive.

A. INTRODUCTION
In general, EEZ ish a zone covering an area of 200 nautical miles from a shoreline state, in
which a coastal state has the right to property nature in it and a zone that extends 200 nautical
miles from the coastline, which is deep the zone a coastal state has rights to natural resources in
it, and is entitled use its legal policy, freedom of navigation, fly over it, or carry out the planting
of cables and pipes.
Since Indonesia announced its Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) on March 21, 1980, until
now, Indonesia cannot be said to be sovereign over the 200 mile EEZ claim. This EEZ
determination has actually caused problems with neighboring countries such as Malaysia, the
Philippines, Vietnam and so on. The determination of the 200-mile EEZ boundary is indeed very
important for Indonesia to avoid future disputes related to increasing water and seabed areas.
Saving and safeguarding marine resources in such vast waters is a challenge for Indonesia.
The factor that influences the implementation of security in water areas is the existence of
clear water boundaries. The unclear 200 mile EEZ boundary with neighboring countries will
causevarious difficulties as a result of territorial violations and illegal fishing by foreign fishing
vessels. Territorial violations and illegal fishing activities often create regional tensions in the
Southeast Asia region. After a long period of time, the 200 mile EEZ could be formulated. EEZ
does not qualify as a high sea but as a separate legal provision. More and more countries have
issued a 200 mile EEZ, then the current international customary law formation process, the 200
mile EEZ has become international law of the sea2. Indonesia followed in the footsteps of other
countries and announced a 200 mile EEZ on March 21, 1980.
The EEZ announcement dated March 21, 1980 stated that the Indonesian EEZ was a route
outside the Indonesian territorial waters as stipulated under Law N0 4 / Prp. In 1960, Indonesian
waters with a width of 200 nautical miles were measured from the lines of the Indonesian Sea
Base. As a result of the implementation of this EEZ, the total area of Indonesia in the form of
land and water and the total contingency runway is around 8.5 million square km. Prior to Law
N0 4 / Prp. In 1960, the Indonesian territory was only about 2 million square kilometers3.
So far, Indonesia has entered into a continental shelf boundary agreement and territorial sea
boundary agreement with neighboring countries. Indonesia's neighboring countries, namely
Vietnam, Australia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Papua New Guinea, are among the 90 countries
that have announced a 200 mile EEZ. With this neighboring country, Indonesia must determine
the EEZ boundary in addition to having to complete several negotiations regarding the
delimitation of the continental shelf which is in process.

B. DISCUSSION
1. History of EEZ Development So

far, Indonesia has several kinds of national borders: air, land, sea and seabed. Based on
international law, we also have sovereignty over the airspace over land and sea areas. Its total
area is now approximately 5 million square kilometers. Compare that with the area of air when
Indonesia was proclaimed on17
August, 1945, which was only 2 million square kilometers.
This is a very extraordinary expansion. The land boundaries of Indonesia were basically
the boundaries agreed by the Dutch East Indies government with the British and Portuguese
governments during the colonial era, particularly in Kalimantan, Papua, and Timor Island.
Although these agreements are quite clear on paper, it is not easy to determine their exact location
and can create vulnerabilities.
On September 28, 1945 the President of the United States "Harry S. Truman" issued a
proclamation No.2667, "Policy of the United States with respect to the Natural Resources of the
Subsoil and Seabed of the Continental Shelf". With President Truman's proclamation this year
1945 above began a development in the law of the sea, namely the geological definition of
"continental shelf".
The action of the President of the United States of America aims to reserve natural
resources on the seabed and the land beneath which borders the coast of the United States of
America for the benefit of the people and nation of the United States, especially mineral wealth,
especially oil and gas. This is in accordance with the contents of the proclamation which in
essence is: It is appropriate for such action to be taken by the coastal state because the
"continental shelf" can be considered a natural continuation of the land area and after all efforts to
manage the natural wealth contained therein require cooperation and protection from the beach.
Thus, for the sake of security of control over natural resources contained in the continental
shelf, the power to regulate it should be in the coastal state bordering the land concerned. "The
United States' unilateral actions regarding the continental shelf and fisheries as mentioned above
have an effect on the development of the regime. the 200 mile EEZ law.
It is evident that the Latin American countries in filing their demands have put forward
several arguments aimed at protecting natural resources that are abundant in waters as far as 200
miles, including the seabed and the land underneath. Argentina proposed the "Epi Continental
Sea" theory, then Ecuador, Chile and Peru put forward the "Bloma" theory, which was followed
by other Latin American countries, namely Mexico (1946), Honduras (1950), Costa Rica (1950),
El Salvador ( 1950).
As a follow-up to the demands of the Latin American countries, in 1952 a new declaration
was born, namely the "Santiago Declaration" which was signed by the StatesDeclaration, namely
the: Chile, Ecuador and Peru as the main motivation for the demands of the three states
participating in the Santiagoexercise of exclusive jurisdiction over Natural resources resources
(biological and non-living resources) that exist in the waters as far as 200 nautical miles. Which
sources are very useful for the implementation of development in the countries participating in
the declaration.
In this case the strong maritime countries, such as the United States, the Soviet Union,
Britain, Japan and West Germany argued with their opinion that the 200 mile EEZ should be a
free sea with the following provisions:
a. Coastal states are given certain powers of natural wealth.
b. Freedom of the oceans, including the freedom to use them for military purposes, remains
guaranteed for all nations.
Meanwhile, coastal states, especially countries that are members of the 77 (G-77) group, have
also persistently maintained their opinion that the EEZ concept is the voice of a generic
conception that has a special regime regarding the rights and obligations of their countries.
Thus the countries that are members of the 77 group (G-77) continue to oppose the
preservation of the free sea status for the EEZ, even though they recognize several freedoms on
the high seas on the condition that these rights must be clearly and explicitly specified.
Hasjim Djalal said that landlocked states and geographically disadvantaged states demand the
same rights as coastal states, not only in the field of fisheries but also for other marine resources.
on the ocean floor.
So we can understand that the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) was first implemented by
the Kenyan state at the Asian-African Legal Constitutive Committee which took place in January
1971 and also at the United Nations Sea Bed Committee which took place in 1972. This
proposal from the Kenyan state received support. from many Asian countries as well as
Africa. At about the same time, many Latin American countries began to develop a similar
concept of the patrimonial sea. The two similar concepts emerged effectively when UNCLOS
(United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea) began.
The boundaries of marine waters in Indonesia began in 1957 when the Juanda declaration
was issued which gave birth to the concept of the Archipelago Concept. In the Juanda declaration,
it has been determined that the territorial waters of Indonesia are 12 miles (19.3 km) from the
coastline of each island in Indonesia to the outermost point. However, the regulation regarding
the boundary of Indonesian marine waters that has been stipulated is not issued immediately.
Regulations regarding the boundaries of waters or the Indonesian Exclusive Economic Zone
(EEZ) were only issued in 1980, which is 200 miles (321.8 km) long as measured from the base
of the Indonesian sea area. In this EEZ, Indonesia has the right to explore and exploit natural
resources on the surface and on the seabed as well as to conduct research on biological resources
and other marine resources.

2. Definition of the EEZ (Exclusive Economic Zone)

Generally, ZEE Adalah a zone covering an area of 200 nautical miles from a shoreline state,
in which a coastal state has the right to property nature in it and a zone that extends 200 nautical
miles from the coastline, which is deep the zone a coastal state has rights to natural resources in
it, and is entitled use its legal policy, freedom of navigation, fly over it, or carry out the planting
of cables and pipes.
An area boundary is defined as 200 miles from the base of the sea area, where the state
has the right to the natural resources in it, has the right to use and enforce all its legal policies,
and has the freedom to navigate and fly over the area.
 Measurement of the EEZ distance is carried out when sea water is in a receding state.
Indonesia's EEZ boundaries were only officially enforced in 1980. This rule also covers all the
rights of the Indonesian government in regulating all forms of exploitation activities that exist in
natural resources on the surface, at the bottom, and under the sea, as well as the right to conduct
research on resources. biological resources or other marine resources in it.
In Law No. 5 of 1983 concerning the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), it is an area
outside and adjacent to the territorial sea which is subject to alegal regime
specialestablished based on the rights and jurisdiction of the coastal state and the rights and
freedoms of other countries. . (CHAPTER V article 55)
The Exclusive Economic Zone is a zone not more than 200 nautical miles wide calculated
from the baseline.
In this Exclusive Economic Zone, the coastal state has exclusive sovereign rights for the
purposes of exploration and exploitation of natural resources as well as certain jurisdiction over:
1. The construction and use of artificial islands, installations and
buildings. 2. Marine scientific research.
3. Protection and preservation of the marine environment.

The Exclusive Economic Zone is measured when sea water is receding. In this Exclusive
Economic Zone, the Indonesian government has the right to regulate all exploration activities as
well as exploitation of natural resources at sea level, on the seabed and also under the sea, as well
as to conduct research on biological resources and other marine resources. In this 200-mile
Exclusive Economic Zone, the coastal state has the right to natural resources in the sea area and
also has the right to exercise its legal policies, freedom of navigation, fly over it or plant cables
and
pipes.
3. Function of the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)
Based on what we have discussed above, the function of the implementation of the Exclusive
Economic Zone can be interpreted as follows:
∙ With the enactment of the Exclusive Economic Zone, all natural resources in the sea zone
belong to the state. beach. In it also applies all forms of legal policies in which there are
regulations regarding freedom of navigation and flying over the area, as well as carrying
out activities of planting cables and pipes under the sea.
 ∙ Give the state rights over the creation and use of artificial islands, installations, and the
structures contained therein.
∙ The state is allowed to carry out various marine research, protect and conserve the marine
environment in accordance with the limits set in the Exclusive Economic Zone.
∙ All communities living in the Exclusive Economic Zone area are allowed to make a living
and meet the potential needs of marine biota in it. However, it must still comply with the
laws and regulations in force in that country.
∙ EEZ has a function as a medium for defense and security of marine areas from the defense
and military sectors. For the Indonesian state itself, of course this will provide benefits,
because Indonesia is an archipelago that has a very large marine area as well.

4. How to determine the EEZ

The outer boundary of the territorial sea of the EEZ is 200 miles and should not exceed
that of the baseline where the territorial coast has been determined. The wording of this provision
suggests that 200 nautical miles is the maximum limit of the EEZ.

From this zone astate coastalhas the right to natural wealth in therein, and reserves the
right to use its statutory discretion, freedom of navigation, to fly on on it, or planting cables and
pipes. The concept of the EEZ emerged from urgent need.

The concept of the EEZ has been far ahead of Kenya for the first time Asian-African
Legal Constitutive Committee in January 1971, and at Sea Bed TheCommittee UNthe following
year. The main provisions in the Law of the Sea Convention are related to EEZ is contained in
the 5th part of the convention. Around 1976 the idea of ZEE was enthusiastically received by
most of the UNCLOS members, they have been generously universal acknowledges the
existence of EEZ without waiting for UNCLOS to end or impose convention.
Universal designation of an EEZ area of 200 nautical miles would provide at least 36% of
the total sea area. Although this is a relatively small portion, within an area of 200 nautical miles
given represents about 90% of all commercial fish deposits, 87% of the savings world oil, and
10% manganese deposits. In the context of state sovereignty, EEZ is in contrast to the territorial
sea which is bounded as far as 12 miles from the coastline according to law international.
 In Indonesia, the EEZ boundary itself was only officially enforced in 1980. Regulations
This also includes all the rights of the Indonesian government in regulating all forms of activity
exploitation of natural resources on the surface, at the bottom, and under the sea, as well as the
right to conduct research on biological resources or other marine resources is in it. There is a
delimitation of the EEZ exclusive economic zone: The outer boundary of the area the EEZ zone
is the outer boundary of the territorial sea area. This outer boundary zone is definitely not allowed
more than 200 miles of sea area or the equivalent of 370.4 km of baseline, or the area of coast
territories that have previously been determined and mutually agreed upon.

The current frontier is that countries cannot claim 200 nautical miles in full with the
reason because it intersects with neighboring countries. If this has happened, then the restrictions
on the area will be regulated in international maritime law.

In principle, the entire island area can be made into an EEZ, but there are several which
should be considered Although in principle islands can be designated as EEZ, but there is a Law
of the Sea Convention that says if the whole rock can't provide benefits and advantages in human
life or in terms of life them, the island is prohibited from being used as an Exclusive Economic
Zone area.

5. Boundaries of the Exclusive Economic Zone The Exclusive

Economic Zone is a matter that every country that has territorial waters or seas has to pay
attention to. One of the most concerned about this Exclusive Economic Zone is regarding its
boundaries and also the width of this zone. It is stated that the width of the Exclusive Economic
Zone has a width of 200 miles or the equivalent of 370.4 km. Thisfigure
predetermineddoes not cause difficulties and is at the same time acceptable to developing
countries as well as developed countries since the idea of this economic zone was put forward.
The boundary in the Exclusive Economic Zone is the outer boundary of the territorial sea.
This outer boundary zone shall not exceed the ocean 200 miles from the baseline over which the
area of the territorial coast has been determined. The statement in this provision suggests that 200
miles is the maximum limit of the Exclusive Economic Zone. This provides a provision that if
there is a coastal country that wants its EEZ area to be smaller than that, then that country
can apply for it.
 On December 13, 1957, the Government of Indonesia issued a declaration known as the
Juanda Declaration. This declaration gave birth to the Archipelago Insight. In the Juanda
declaration, it has been determined that the territorial waters of Indonesia are 12 miles from the
coastline of each island to the outermost point. And on March 21, 1980, the Indonesian
Government issued a boundary from the Indonesian Exclusive Economic Zone which was 200
miles long, which was measured from the baseline of the Indonesian sea area. The Exclusive
Economic Zone is a sea area as far as 200 miles from the outermost island and is measured when
sea water is experiencing low tide.

Additional Zone Boundaries

Talking about the Exclusive Economic Zone or EEZ, we will not be separated from the
so-called Additional Zone Boundaries. The additional zone itself has the meaning of a sea that is
located on the outer side of the baseline and does not exceed 24 nautical miles from the baseline.
In this additional zone the power of the state is not absolute, but is only limited to preventing
violations of customs, fiscal, tax and immigration practices in its territorial sea areas. Regarding
the boundaries of this additional zone itself is 12 miles long or does not exceed 24 miles from the
baseline area.
As stated in article 24 paragraph 1 UNCLOS III regarding Additional Zones, that a zone
contained in the high seas that is connected to the territorial sea of the coastal state has the
authority to carry out the necessary supervision to do the following:
1. Prevent violations of legislation - Regulations relating to customs, taxation, immigration and
health practice issues.
2. The authority to punish violations or regulations concerning the laws as mentioned above.
Later in the same article, and in paragraph 2, it is emphasized that the maximum width of
the additional zone shall not exceed 12 nautical miles measured from the baseline. This means
that the additional zone only has meaning for countries that have a territorial sea width less than
12 nautical miles based on the 1982 maritime law convention. Meanwhile, according to article 33
paragraph 2, the 1982 maritime law convention, the additional zone does not exceed 24 nautical
miles from the baseline from the place where the width of the territorial sea is measured.
Territorial Sea Boundary
In addition to additional zone boundaries, another thing that needs to be discussed is the
territorial sea boundary. The definition of territorial sea itself is a sea that is located on the outer
side of the baseline and its distance does not exceed 12 nautical miles. The territorial sea is a sea
area which is the full or absolute right of a territorial country, which includes the underwater
wealth and also the air space above it. The size of this territorial sea does not exceed 12 nautical
miles. In this territorial sea, the right of peaceful passage is recognized by foreign ships passing
over the sea area.
Regarding the right of peaceful passage itself, according to the 1982 sea law convention,
it is the right to pass as quickly as possible without stopping and is peaceful and does not interfere
with the security and order of the coastal state. So that we can know that the territorial sea is a
marine area that has very tight security issues.
6. Obligations of the EEZ

The provisions of international law regulating state sovereignty over the sea area are one
of the important provisions of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.
Another important provision in the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea concerns the
regulation of state sovereign rights. Maritime zones included under full sovereignty are inland
waters, archipelagic waters (for archipelagic states), and
territorial seas; Meanwhile, the regulation of state sovereign rights applies in the Exclusive
Economic Zone. The rights of the coastal state in the Exclusive Economic Zone are: 1. Sovereign
rights to carry out exploration and exploitation, conservation and management of biological or
non-living natural resources from waters, seabed and subsoil.
2. Sovereign rights over exploration and exploitation activities such as the production of energy
from water and wind.
3. Jurisdiction for the establishment and use of artificial islands, installations and structures,
marine scientific research, protection and development of the maritime environment.

In exercising their rights and obligations in the exclusive economic zone, the coastal state
must pay attention to the rights and obligations of other countries and act in accordance with the
provisions of the convention. In addition, the coastal state has the following rights and obligations
to enforce laws and regulations:
1. Board, conduct inspections, detain and submit to court the ships and their crews.
2. That the vessels and their crews that are detained will be released immediately after payment
of the security deposit.
3. In carrying out the detention of foreign ships, the coastal State shall immediately notify the
representative of the flag State of the ship of the action taken and the fine imposed. 4. In the
absence of an international agreement, the coastal state for violating fishing laws and regulations
from the Exclusive Economic Zone is not allowed to carry out imprisonment.

Another obligation under international law is the obligation of the Republic of Indonesia
to respect the rights of other countries, such as freedom of navigation and overlight and freedom
of the laying of submarine cabels. and pipelines).

The rights and obligations of Indonesia as a coastal state according to law, are as follows:
1.All countries are free in shipping, aviation, laying cables and pipes under the sea and other
international freedoms related to the operation of aircraft and cable ships and pipe under
the sea. All countries in exercising their rights and obligations in Indonesia's EEZ must
respect the rights and obligations of the Indonesian state in the fields regulated by the
Convention on the Law of the Sea or other International Law (article 58 paragraph 1, 2).

2. If a dispute occurs between the Indonesian state and other countries in the Indonesian EEZ,
it must be resolved on the basis of justice (equitable solution) by taking into account all
related conditions (article 59).

In the framework of preserving living natural resources in the Exclusive Economic Zone, the
1982 Sea Law Convention requires Indonesia to:
1. Determine the amount of fish that can be caught (the coastal state shall determine the
allowable catch of the living resources in its exclusive economic zone).

2. By using the best scientific data (the best scientific evidence available to it), the best that
can be provided must prevent over-exploitation with preservation and proper management
of living natural resources. If necessary, it is suggested or recommended to cooperate with
other countries or international organizations either subregional, regional or global (as
appropriate, the coastal state and competent international organization, whether
subregional or global, shall co-operate to this end).
 3. Carry out measures to maintain and restore populations (restoring populations) of certain
fish species to "maximum suistainable yield" and to maintain and increase species that
will become extinct.
Furthermore, the Law of the Sea Convention obliges Indonesia as a coastal state to seek
optimum utilization of living natural resources in the EEZ (the coastal state shall promote the
objective of optimum utilization of the living resources in the EEZ without prejudge ... ") by
means of the following:
1. Determine the capacity or capability of the Indonesian party as a coastal state in the EEZ
(the coastal state shall determine its capacity to harvest the living resources of the EEZ). In the
event that Indonesia does not have the ability to harvest all "allowable catch", it must allow the
state / fishermen of other countries to take the surplus (where the coastal state does not have the
capacity to harvest the entire allowable catch, it shall, through agreements or other arrangements
and pursuant to the terms).
2. Foreign parties fishing in the Indonesian EEZ must comply with the regulations for the
conservation of living natural resources that will be made by the Indonesian government, which
include:
a. Fishermen's license, types of vessels and their equipment include payment of permit fees which
may be in the form of equipment (tools) or technology related to the fish management industry
(licensing of fisherman, fishing vessels and equipment, including payment of fees and other
forms of remuneration, which, in the case of developing coastal states, may consist of adequate
compensation in the field of financing, equipment and technology relating to the fishing industy).
b. Determining the types of fish that can be caught, the catch quota and the time of catching
(determining the species which may be caught, and fixing quotas of catch, whether in relation to
particular stocks or groups of stocks or catch per vessel over a peiod of time ... " ). c. Regulating
seasons and areas of fishing, the types, size and amount of gear, and the types sizes and number
of fishing vessels that may be used. "number of fishing vessels that may be used."
D. Determination of the age andsize of fish and other species that may be caught (fixing the age
and size of fish and other species that may be caught).
e. Requirement to provide information on results and fishing activities as well as a report on
vessel position (specifying information required of fishing vessels, including catch and effort
statistics and vessel position reports).
f. Implementation of specific fisheries research programs and reporting of their results ("... the
conduct of specified fisheries research programs and regulating the conduct of such research ...
and reporting of associated ...").
g. Placement of supervision or practical students on board (the pacing of observers or trainees on
board ... ").
h. Landing part or all of the catch at Indonesian ports as coastal state (the landing of all or any
part of the catch by such vessels in the ports of the coastal state) i. Conditions for joint ventures or
other forms of cooperation (terms and conditions relating to joint ventures or other co-operative
arrangements)
j. The requirement for personal training and technology transfer, including increasing Indonesia's
ability to conduct fisheries research (requirements for the training of personnel and the transfer of
fisheries technology, including enhancement of the coastal state's capability of undertaking
fisheries research); and
k. Law enforcement regulations at sea (enforcement procedures). 7.

Definition of Sovereign Rights Sovereign

rights according to the Indonesian dictionary are rights that have the highest power over a
state or regional government.
The definition of sovereign rights according to article 56 paragraph 1 letter (a) United Nations
Conventions On The Law Of The Sea 1982 is the right that has the highest power over the needs
of exploration and management of natural resources, whether living or non-living from waters
above the seabed and the ground beneath it.

EEZ is part of Indonesia's jurisdiction where Indonesia has sovereign rights. Further
provisions regarding this sovereign right are implemented based on the provisions of statutory
regulations and international law.
Sovereign Rights of Coastal States

Then Article 56 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea ("UNCLOS")
which has been ratified by Law Number 17 of 1985 concerning Ratification of the United Nations
Convention On The Law of The Sea (United Nations Convention - Nation concerning the Law of
the Sea) states the jurisdiction and duties of the coastal states in the EEZ region as follows. In the
exclusive economic zone, the coastal State has:
Sovereign rights for the purposes of exploration and exploitation, conservation and management
of natural resources, both living and non-living, from the waters above the seabed and from the
seabed and the land beneath them and with respect to other activities for the purposes of
exploration and economic exploitation of the zone, such as the production of energy from water,
currents and wind. The jurisdiction as defined in the relevant provisions of this Convention with
respect to: the manufacture and use of artificial islands, installations and structures;
marine scientific research;
protection and preservation of the marine environment;
Other rights and obligations as defined in this Convention.
In exercising their rights and fulfilling their obligations under this Convention in the
exclusive economic zone, the coastal State shall take due account of the rights and obligations of
other States and shall act in a manner consistent with the provisions of this Convention.
The rights stated in this article with respect to the seabed and the land under it must be exercised
in accordance with Chapter VI.
In addition, Article 61 point 1 of UNCLOS reads: "The coastal State must determine the
amount of catch of biological resources that can be allowed in its exclusive economic zone."
With regard to supervision in the EEZ region, Article 73 number 1 UNCLOS regulates the
jurisdiction of coastal States as follows:
The coastal State may, in exercising its sovereign rights to explore, exploit, conserve and
manage living resources in the exclusive economic zone take such actions, including boarding
ships, inspecting, arresting and carrying out judicial proceedings, as necessary to ensure
compliance with laws and regulations.an invitation which it establishes in accordance with the
provisions of this Convention.
Yoshifumi Tanaka in his book The International Law of the Sea summarizes the sovereign rights
of the coastal state as referred to in UNCLOS:
The sovereign rights of the coastal state can only be exercised in the EEZ region.
The sovereign rights of the coastal state are limited to matters governed by international law
(ratione materiae).
The coastal state can exercise legislative functions and exercise jurisdiction. The coastal state
can exercise its sovereign rights in the EEZ region to everyone regardless of their nationality (so
there is no limitation ratione personae). The sovereign rights of the coastal state over the EEZ
area are something exclusive in the sense that their implementation requires the approval of the
coastal state. It is true that other countries have the right to access natural resources within the
EEZ of a coastal state. [4] However, this can only be done with the permission of the coastal
state. So that it can be concluded, the rights of coastal states in the EEZ region are only related to
 the needs of exploration, exploitation, conservation and management of biological resources as
mentioned above. Thus, the coastal State cannot exercise its jurisdiction beyond these purposes.

Sovereign rights:
1. Additional zone
2. Exclusive economic zone
3. The continental shelf
Additional zone
- Sovereign rights are not sovereign rights
- Sovereign in several aspects related to supervision for: customs, fiscal, immigration, the
exclusive economic zone and the continental shelf
- Sovereign rights are not sovereignty
- Sovereign in the exploitation and exploration of natural resources
- Rights of other countries exist: navigation rights and rights to laying submarine or pipelines,
and so on.

C. CLOSING
A. CONCLUSION

EEZ is a zone with an area of 200 nautical miles from the coastline of a country, in which a
coastal state has rights to natural resources in it and a zone covering an area of 200 nautical miles
from the coastline, which is in that zone a coastal state. has rights to natural resources in it, and
has the right to use its legal policy, freedom of navigation, to fly over it, or to plant cables and
pipes.
The concept of Indonesia's EEZ is contained in the announcement of the EEZ on March 21,
1980. The EEZ 200 mile announcement contains several points regarding the determination of
Indonesia's EEZ pathway, sovereign rights to carry out exploration and exploitation, the
implementation of these sovereign rights, recognition of certain freedoms and willingness to hold
negotiations regarding the determination of boundaries between neighboring countries.
The points raised are based on international provisions regarding the 200 mile EEZ regime, the
formulation of which is contained in Chapter V INCT (Informal Composite Negotiating Text)
articles 55-75. The announcement regarding the 200 mile EEZ stated that the Indonesian EEZ is a
route outside the sea territory of Indonesia as stipulated under Law No. 4 / Prp. In 1960,
Indonesian waters with a width of 200 nautical miles were measured from the lines of the
Indonesian Sea Base.
As a result of the implementation of this EEZ, the total area of Indonesia in the form of land
and water and the total contingency runway is around 8.5 million square km. Prior to Law N0 4 /
Prp. In 1960, the Indonesian territory was only about 2 million square kilometers. Problems
arising from the implementation of the 200 mile EEZ have to do with maritime boundaries and the
continental shelf with neighboring countries. Indonesia as a coastal country realizes the
importance of this, so that in this framework an agreement to determine the boundaries of the sea
area, continental shelf and EEZ 200 miles was held.
Indonesia has entered into continental shelf boundary agreements and territorial sea boundary
agreements with neighboring countries such as Vietnam, Australia, Malaysia, the Philippines and
Papua New Guinea. With neighboring countries, Indonesia has established EEZ boundaries to
reduce regional tensions in Southeast Asia, due to overlapping claims
country. Until now, Indonesia still leaves several border problems with several neighboring
countries.

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