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Ss : Me S&S ; Ce ee, page — P @ Se OS SS Ease [ 03 [oo] ozToaTea [eeTor[ OT wsToeTOTTOaTRE ug oy N39 Baa Sonviogiaaa Tval IND9 Wau 30NVios1a3u a5V8]soxoq payeSnuni09 a]PURT] 0} WETUEAKOD UE Wi yh'16 BUI} “OMIA TBOYS "YoU|q snoJOo A103 “Payrways 2309 a[SUIS omuyy pure woaig ov] ‘aN}e “MOIl>.A ‘POY — Payreaysun azoo apBuis sanojoD, OGL y " ( 9 1 €0/s9 sy CL i we ; £0/rr ot owe i i it ‘ £087 0% cue Z : a st COVE a1 sit i 7 W €/0'rl or ; © (wy Gawy (an) (am) Ayordeo nm Jo are Bes warermba | s>youreip [e940 SsoUyOIULL Burkueo (ayy) | seourp | jeurwou quozm) | souwisismy | RON | sO—ONPUOD A Opp/0SZ (xo}onpuod zaddoo U31AA) SYIAVD TAOS ATONIS ONTAIM ASNOW ATALXATA *81 GEL Elecirical Systems Design 1415 & a 8 8 “1s won oS poop poop poop poop poop Suznp ooueysisor 3 | Gye Iw Aq %) g x02. oz> Ove i el ade oz> Surmmp se woopey jo a = ) 5 08< Or< se> 0z> 0z> Surung 9fqeo Suump Aapiqisi A, ‘Sitieiodwer | aineredury (WRBAXO HITZ WIM) 2,006 < 9,08t < 2.05% < wooy wood aay yates 0} pasmbay amyessduio, F Geom) amy og< og< I< Iv< yaieo 0} waxo Jo juautarinbay poop poop SReIAY SBeISAY Buruing SuuMp Apes WOTTON, ood Aig Pood AA POOH O05 Auadord quepreisr sue] | poo’ Arq, poop poop pood Aro, euon HLEGeIS [PUHOY, | 58 0.0L ‘O.0L 2.58 2.0L Super amperodurey, OOD AIBA poop P05 poop TeULON Auradoid wore|nsuy seursod jeroadgs DAd Tepeds Dad epeds Ad Ad [epayeur wonejnsuy STHZ DAd STM ax0us MoT ayOUS MOT DAd wat Ad MH DAd ueSoyey 0107, queprejer omy jUBpABIAI aay | JUeySTSAL WAH eurs0N aanjragy (se1qeo aoueyjay ‘22mos) SATAVD ONTUIM DAd AO SALLAAMOUd GALLVAVAWOD *61 7198,16 Electrical Systems Design Table 20: RECOMMENDED RATINGS OF LIGHT AND SOCKET POINTS (NEC-1985) Specification Rating (Watts) Incandescent lamps 60 Fans (ceiling /table) 60 6A three-pin sockets 100 16A three-pin sockets 1000 Fluorescent lamp 600 mm 25 Fluorescent lamp 1200 mm 50 Exhaust fan 300 mm 45 ‘Table 21: RECOMMENDED NUMBER OF POINTS IN DWELLING UNITS (NEC-1985) Area of the residential building (m2) Description 35 45 55 85, 140 Light points i 8 10 12 7 Ceiling fans 22 32 43 54 75 6A sockets z 3 4 5 7 16 A sockets : 1 | 5 3 4 Call bell a A 1 T 1 Table 22: DETAILS OF SOCKET OUTLETS REQUIRED FOR DOMESTIC BUILDINGS - (NEC-1985) Description Socket outlets 6A ] 16A Bedrooms 23 z Living rooms 23 2 Kitchen T 2 Dining room 2 1 Garage i 1 For refrigerator 1 For air-conditioner T Verandah 1 for every 10m | Bathrooms 1 1Electrical Systems Design 17 Table 23: DIFFERENT TYPES OF MCB DISTRIBUTION BOARDS. (Source: M/s Legrand India) Type description No.of | Protection class | Number phases of ways Consumer units conforming to IS- | Single phase P20& 4 8623, Universal mounting with IP 42 with metal 8 100 A copper busbar, neutral bar, or acrylic door 12 earth bus, cable ties and removable gland plates at top and bottom. Provision for double pole RCD/MCBiIsolator as incoming and single pole MCB as outgoing Regular DBs conforming to IS | Single phase 8623 with 100A busbars, neutral and earth busbars. Flush mounting DBs conforming | Single phase to IS-8623 and with reversible pan assembly for top and bottom cable entry, Masking sheet for protection against entry of conorete, and with provision for double pole RCCB/MCB/isolator as incoming and MCBs as outgoing ‘Consumer units conforming to IS- | Three phase | ___IP 20 & 8623, Universal mounting with IP 42 with metal 100 A copper busbar, neutral bar, or acrylic door earth bus, cable ties and removable gland plates at top and bottom. Provision for four pole RCCB as incoming and three single pole MCBs as outgoing ETPN DBs conforming to IS-8623, | Three phase 1P20& universal mounting, with 100A 1P 42 with metal copper busbars, neutral and earth or acrylic door bars, cable ties, top and bottom removable gland plates with knock ‘outs and suitable for fixing four pole RCD/MCB)/solator as incoming and single pole MCB as outgoing.18 Electrical Systems Design | 8418 8+24 8+36 Per phase isolation DBs conforming | Three phase 1P 20 & to IS-8623, universal mounting, with IP 42 with metal 100A. copper busbars, neutral and or acrylic door earth bars, cable ties, top and bottom removable gland plates with knock outs and suitable for fixing four pole RCD/MCB/bolator as incoming, 3 double pole RCD/MCB/Isolator as sub incomer and single pole MCB as out going with separate neutral bars. (The advantage of per phase isolation DBs ate that only the phase where there is an earth leakage fault is isolated and the other two phases are in operation, avoiding total darkness.) Phase selector DBs as per IS 8623, | Three phase P20& universal mounting with 100 A IP 42 with metal ‘copper busbar, neutral and carth bar, door top and bottom removable gland plates with provision for 3 Nos. 63. Selector switches, 3 Nos. piano type indicating lamp switch, four pole RCD/MCB/solator as incoming and SP MCBs as outgoing. Seven segment DBs as per IS | Three phase IP 20 & 8623, with 100 A copper busbar, IP 42 with metal i neutral and earth bar, top and door 4+124 bottom removable gland plates i 18 with provision for pole RCD 4+12+-1 /MCBilsolator as incoming, DP 24 RCDs/MCBsilsolator as. sub 4412+ incomer and SP MCBs as 36 outgoing. (These DBs provide phase segregation and separation between incomer and outgoing) VTPN DBs as per IS 8623, | Three phase TP 20 & universal mounting with 200 A IP 42 with metal copper busbars, earth and neutral or acrylic door 1 bars, cable ties, top and bottom removable gland plates, and with Provision for four pole RCD or RCBO/MCBMsolator as incoming and SP/TP MCBs as outgoing. (The advantage of this DB is that both single and three phase outgoings can be taken from this DB) ,.,_w ico Boon 6+12 6+18 6+24 6+36 Boas 44124 12 Beas B+12 8424 8+36 BonElectrical Systems Design Table 24: MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE NUMBER OF 1.1 KV GRADE CABLES IN METALLIC CONDUITS (NEC-1985) Size of Size of conduits (mm) 25 32 7 13 20 a 6 10 14 2.5 5 6 10 14 : 4 3 6 10 i 6 2 5 9 u 10 4 7 9 16 2 4 5 12 25 2 2 6 Table 25: PERFORMANCE DATA OF TYPICAL EXHAUST FANS Fan | Fan speed | Power input | Sound level Air displacement sweep | (RPM) Ww) (aB) (ree air flow condition) (mm) CMH 230 1370 40 4 760 [300 920 45 46 1270 [300 1420 82 FQ 1920 | 380 920 8 Q 2460 [380 1420 150 N 4000 450 720 30 Q 3400 | 450 920 132 FQ 340 450 1420 370 EN 6800 600 720 240 FQ “7900 600 920 500 NI 10450 * Not recommended to be used with louvre shutters CMH Cubic metre per hour Quiet (50-55 dB) FQ Fairly quiet (55-60 4B) NI Normal industrial noise (60-65 dB) FN Fairly noisy (Above 65 dB)20 Electrical Systems Design Table 26: PERFORMANCE DATA FOR CEILING FANS (Source: Crompton Greaves) Type Sweep Speed Power Air delivery mm rpm Ww. m/min High speed 600 900 64 120 900 390 60 155 1050 370 66 195 1200 [ 350 70. | 230 1400 290 76 270 High breeze 1200 [ 310 70. 230 1400 275 14 270 Cool breeze 1050 420 @ 160. 1200 380 30 220 1400 290 85 270 Power saver 1200 330 50 220 Table 27: SIZES OF CABLES, EARTHING AND PROTECTION OF STANDBY GENERATORS (Source: KSEI Handbook) Generator Fullload | Cablesize | Earth capacity | currentrating | AYFY | conductor | Protection Panel kVA Amps mind size instruments mm2/SWG 83/10 | MCB/MCCB 83/10 MCB/MCCB | A, V.&F 83/10 MCB/MCCB 83/10 MCB/MCCB 8.3/10 MCB/MCCB 8.3/10 MCBMCCB 18.6/6 MCB/MCCB 18.6/6 MCB/MCCB 18.6/6 MCB/MCCB 27.27/4 | MCB/MCCB 27.274 | MCB/MCCB 27.27/4 | MCB/MCCB 27.274 MCCB. 25x3 MCCBElectrical Systems Design 24 140 120 253 175 150 25%3 MCCB+ 204 185 25. x3 Stand by low 252 300 25x3 | Set earth fault 280 2% 120 25%3 Relay using 315 2225 25x3 | CT in neutral 350 2% 185 253 earthing 448 2 300 253 conductor 560 2400 25%3 3 x 400 a0) 4x 400 25 x3 ACB with A,V,E, 875 25 x3 Overload and | kWh, PF, Busbar 750 1050 Tei bing 253 EJF release Kya For capacities of 1000 kVA and above, ACB with thermal O/L, vollage controlled OIC relay, ore, Yoltage. under voltage, negative sequence, lovr set stand by earth fault relays and REE Differential relay with fuel shut-off facilities. Over speed protection shall also be provided for the engine, Table 28: SIZES OF CABLES AND EARTHING CONDUCTORS OF MOTORS Cable | Earth Conductor size size AYFY Copper Al Approx Motor rating | full load current Backup fuse rating kw Ampere | DOL | Assisted | mm? mm’ | swe | mm? 18 6 Z 3.251 10 25 35. 10 : 3.251 10 25 5.0 16 = 3.251 10 25 1S 25 : 3.251 10 25 11.0 32 25 3.251 10 25 14.0 32 25 3.251 10 25 18.0 50 35 3.251 25 21.0 50 35 3.251 25 28.0 63 50 3.251 25 36.0 80 63 3.251 25 40.0 100 63 4.877 35 47.0 4.877 35 55.0 120 4.877 35 66.0 4.877 3522 Blectrical Systems Design 45.0 | 60 80.0 200 120 70 5.893 4 50 55.0 | 75 95.0 200 120 | 95 | 5.893 4 50 59.0 | 80 | 105.0 | 250 200 150 6.910 2 70 67.5 | 90 | 1180 | 250 200 185 6.910 2 70_| 75.0 | 100 | 135.0 | 250 200 185 6.910 2 70 90.0 | 125 | 165.0 | 320 250 240 6910 2 95 110.0 | 150 | 200.0 | 350 320 400 7.620__| lord | 120 131.0 | 175 | 230.0 | 400 320 |2x150| 7.620 | loro | 120 150.0 | 200 | 270.0 | s00 350. |2*185| 7.620 | lord | 120 185.0 | 250 | 3250.0 | 600 500 | 2240] 25%3 185 For motors of rating 185 kW and above, breaker shall be provided and the following protection shall also be incorporated. @) Thermal O/L (©) Short circuit (©) Earth fault @ Negative sequence (e) Under voltage ( Locked rotor Table 29: TYPICAL IMPEDANCE VALUES OF 11 KV/433 V DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS Rated Oil immersed transformers Cast resin transformers teva) Impedance | R x Z| Impedance | R x Z ) | voltage | (ma) | (m2) | (mo | voltage | «ma | (ma) | ona) (%) (%) 100 4 37.9 59.5 70.6 6 37.0 99.1 105.8 160 4 16.2 41.0 44.1 6 18.6 63.5 66.2 200 4 119 | 332 | 353 6 141 | 51.0 | 529 | el 250 4 9.2 26.7 28.2 6 10.7 | 41.0 42.3 315 4 6.2 21.5 22.4 6 8.0 32.6 33.6 400 4 SY 16.9 17.6 6 61 25.8 26.5 500 4 3.8 13.6 14.1 6 46 20.7 212 630 4 29 12.9 13.2 6 aS 16.4 16.8 800 6 ag: 108 182 6 2.6 13.0 13.2 1000 | 6 29 | 10.3 10.6 | 6 18 10.4 10.6 1250 6 1s | 83 85 6 iS) 83 85 1600 6 14 65 6.6 6 ll] 65 6.6 2000 6 1 aa oo) 6 0.9 5.2 aeElectrical Systems Design 23 Table 30: MAXIMUM RATING OF A MOTOR THAT CAN BE CONNECTED TO A TRANSFORMER, Method of starting motors in multiples of | M®tor rating permissible in Starting current of full load current BE: I | DOL 70 (2S-D)/7.0 LATS with 80% tap 55 (28-D)/5.5 _ ATS with 40% tap, Star Delta 25 (2S-D)/2.5 Soft starter 2.0 (28-D)/2.0 Slip ring 2.0 (28-D)/2.0 Where, S is the rating of transformer in kVA and D the maximum demand excluding the motor in question. When the number of starts/hour is more than 6 or loading cycle is more than 6, maximum rating shall be limited to 2% of the fault level ‘Table 31: CABLES ON SECONDARY SIDE OF TRANSFORMER (11 kV/433 V) (Source: KSEI Handbook) Capacity of | Primary | Secondary Minimum size of — | Minimum size of AYFY transformer | current | current (A) neutral earthing cable (A) conductor (mm x mm) (mm) 33 ay 25%3 50 os 133.3 25%3 95(2 x 50) 8.40 213.3 253 1852 x 95) 10.49 266.6 25%3 300(2 * 120) 13.12 333 25%3 (2 * 185) 16.53, 420 31x 3 or25 x4 (2.x 300) or (3 x 185) 21.80 533 38 x3 (3 300) or (2 x 400) 26.20 666.5 256 (3 * 400) or (4 x 240) 33 840 31%6 (4x 400) 39.36 1000 504 | Busbar trunking 52.50 1333 210 mm Busbar trunking 65.60 1667 290 mm’ | 83.98 2133 380 mm 105.00 2666 450 mm’ Above sizes are recommended assuming following de-rating factors: Enclosure effect — 0.75, Temperature effect — 0.88, and Impurity effect ~ 0.94. Busbar trunking shall be designed for nominal minimum fault current of 25 KA or 50 kA depending on the actual fault level. 50 kA short circuit current rating is recommended for all short circuit currents above 25 kA. Maximum distance between bus supports shall be 50 cm with central stiffeners and bolting for phase busbar. S.M.C finger type 9 mm thick single supports are recommended for 25 kA rating and double supports or 20 mm thick single supports or 20 mm thick single supports are recommended for 50 kA rating. Ventilation louvres shall be provided as an anti-condensate measure for the enclosure.24 Electrical Systems Design 3 BSSsesgagyg % Hecronic load os | | | | | 20 4” @ 30 100 Fig. 32. PERCENTAGE DE-RATING REQUIRED FOR A TRANSFORMER SUPPLYING ELECTRONIC (NON-LINEAR) LOADS Table 33: RECOMMENDED SIZES OF ALUMINIUM BUSBARS FOR BUS TRUNKING Transformer Current Bus size-Phase | Bus size-Neutral | Enclosure size rating (kVA) (A) (mm) (mm) (mm) _ 750 1200 1127x127 | 1% 127% 635 600 x 250 or or 2*101.6%635 | 1x 101.6 x 6.35 1000 1600 2* 152.4% 635 | 1% 152.4% 635 600 x 300 or or 2% 127% 9.53 1x 127 «9.53 1250 2000 2% 152.4% 12.7 | 1x 152.4 x 12.7 800 x 400 or or 4% 127 x 6.35 2% 127 635 1600 2500 2% 203.2% 12.7 | 1 x 203.2 x 12.7 800 x 500 or. or 4% 1524635 | 2 1524x635 2000 3000 4x 152.4%9.53 | 2x 152.4«9.53 800 x 600ize 0 00 Electrical Systems Design 25 Table 34: FUSE RATINGS ON THE PRIMARY SIDE OF TRANSFORMERS (11 KV/433 V) Capacity of | Primary Secondary “HT fuse rating-A transformer current current Minimum ‘Maximum (kVA) (A) (A) 63 33 84 10 16 100 5.25 133.3 16 25 160 8.40 213.3 16 40 200 10.49 266.6 25 40 250 13.12 333 32 40 315 16.53 420 40 63 400 21.80 533 40 63 500 26.20 666.5 30 100 630 33 840 63 100 750 39.36 1000 15 160 1000 $2.50 1333 100 160 1250 65.60 1667 100 200 1600 83.98 2133 160 250 2000 105.00 2666 160 250 Table 35: OVERLOADING CAPACITIES OF OIL IMMERSED TRANSFORMERS Previous ‘Overloading duration continuous leading as a % eA of the rating 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% | 50 3 hrs 1S his 60 min 30 min Simin | 5 2 his 10 br 30min TS min main ; * Thr 30 min 1s min min | 4min Table 36: OVERLOADING CAPACITIES OF DRY TYPE TRANSFORMERS Previous Overloading duration continuous E leading as a% ] | of the rating 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 50 60 min 30 min 20 min 15 min 12 min 75 55min 2 min 15min | U1 min 9 min 0 min 16min 10min 7 min ‘min26 Electrical Systems Design Table 37: ABSOLUTE TEMPERATURE WITHSTAND CAPACITIY OF DIFFERENT INSULATION CLASSES. Absolute temperature Insulation class ‘Winding temperature rise in | withstand capacity in °C “Cas per IS 2026-part-2 as per IS 1271. 50 105 65 120 70 130 90 155 ns) 180 Table 384: CURRENT RATING OF ALUMINIUM BUSBAR SECTIONS Indal D50S-WP Rectangular Busbar: Current Ratings (Source: KSEI handbook} Sizemm | Indal Ref. Now 2 Bars 3 Bars 4 Bars ‘Ampere (AC) 25.4x633_| F204 705 970] 1100 38.1X6.35_| FI3 1020 1315 1535 50.8%6.35_|_FIS 510 1290 1705 1940 63.5x635_| F74 1510 2000 2260 76.2%6.35_| _F33 1740 2310 2620 101.6%6.35 | _F36 2140 | 2800 3200 127.0%6.35_|_F249 2510 3240 3700 152.4x6.35 | 271 780 2860 3680 4240 50.89.53 | FI6 1500 1970 76.2%9.53_| F182 2050 2660 101.6:9.53 | _F96 2480 3150 127.0%9.53_|_ F113 2930 3660 52.49.53 | F272 3340 4080 203.2x9.53_| F273 4150 4900 7620127 | P34 2340 2830 101.6127 | F66_|_ 2720 3360 127.0%12.7_ |_E144 3120 3900 [152.4x12.7 |_F67 3500 4400 203.2%12.7_|_ES4 4450 5300 254.0%12.7 | _F69 0 5000 6000Electrical Systems Design 27 Table 388: CORRECTION FACTORS FOR BUSBAR DESIGN (Sourc : KESI Handbook) ‘Temperature Rise De-rating factor 1. Bar temperature rise 40°C over ambient 35°C 0.88 2. Bar temperature rise 30°C over ambient 35°C 0.75 Cross-sectional Area of temperature is high Enclosure Busbar/Total Cross-sectional De-rating Factor ° Area of Enclosure 1. Outdoors <1% 0.95 5% 0.90 10% 0.85 2 Indoors where the =1% 0.85 enclosure itself is in a well- 5% 0.75 ventilated room 10% 0.65 3. Indoors where the =1% 0.65 enclosure itself is poorly 5% 0.60 ventilated and the room 10% 0.50 1S:733-1967 (Wrought Aluminium and Aluminium alloys for General engineering purpose ~ Bars, Rods and sections) symbol Indal-Alloy Rating Factor °° EIEM*°? CISM 1.03 FICM 2SsM 1.02 TE15-WP B26SWP 0.83 1IE9-WP SOSWP 0.94 1E30-WP BSISWP 0.92 NESM 548M 0.77 NEG M AS6SM 0.72 NE20 WP 6SWP. 0.88 ALTITUDE which the busbar is to be installed, Where busbar intended for use at high altitudes is tested near sea level, the limits of temperature rise should be reduced by 1% for each 300 m in excess of 1000 m above sea level at | ° These factors apply only to non-magnetic enclosures in which negligible heat is induced by the current in the busbar. °° To be applied to the ratings for Indal D50S-WP in Table 38A, the factors are approximate. °° Electrical-purity aluminium, material EIEM, IS: 5082-1969 (Wrought Aluminium and Aluminium alloys for electrical purpose~Bars and sections. |28 Electrical Systems Design Table 39: DE-RATING FACTORS FOR PROXIMITY-EFFECT Phase Spacing De-rating Factor 3-channel width 0.82 4-channel width 0.89 5-channel width 0.95 6-channel width 0.99 Table 40: CLEARANCES FOR OPEN AND ENCLOSED INDOOR AIR-INSULATED. BUSBAR AND CONNECTIONS, (ELECTRICALLY NON-EXPOSED) Minimum Clearance to Earth in| Minimum Clearance between phases Rated Voltage kV Air (mm) in Air (mm) Cpa) mone Enclosed pes Enclosed 0.415 19 16 25 0.6 25 19 31 oa 51 Si SL 66 a a 9. WG 76 76 127 15 102 22 140 241 33 222 222: 356 Table 41: CLEARANCES FOR OPEN OUTDOOR BUSBAR AND BUSBAR CONNECTIONS NOT EXCEEDING 15 kV FOR ELECTRICALLY EXPOSED OR NON-EXPOSED INSTALLATIONS Rated Voltage (kV) Minimum Clearance to Earth | Minimum Clearance in Air in Air_(mm) between Phases (mm) Not exceeding 6.6 140 178, in 178 229 15 216 267 The clearances quoted in tables should be regarded as the minimum values which should be used in any circumstances. Busbar for use in systems with special requirements or conditions requires special consideration and reference should always be made to the deiails included in B.S. 159: 1957 (Busbars and Busbar Connections), from which the values have been taken.‘Table 42: PROTECTIVE MEASURES ON TRANSFORMERS (11 kV/433 V) Electrical Systems Design 29 (Gource: KSEI Handbook) | Rating | Method of | Primary control and protection | Secondary control and a] | installation protection MCCB having isolation duty Up to and and E/F release and standby including | Outdoor | Air break switch, lightning arrestor, | low set EJF relay using CT at 400 kVA D.O. Fuse neutral earthing conductor or | ACB with proper current — | setting facility with 3 O/C | and IE/F release. | MCCB having isolation duty (Up to and 11 KY, AB switch-fuse unit or | and E/F release and standby including Indoor | VCB/GCB with 2 O/C and1E/F | low set E/F relay using CT at us li 400 kVA relays preferably with DC trip neutral earthing conductor or ses ACB with proper current setting facility with 3 O/C — and 1E/F release. al Above 400 ‘ACB drawout type with 3 | —|§ | kvA and AB switch, lightning arrestor, D.O. | O/C & 1 E/F release and aid up to and} Outdoor | Fuse standby low set E/F relay aii including using CT at neutral earthing 630 kVA conductor ‘Above 400 ‘ACB drawout type with 3 —| Bi kvA and 11 kV, ABSF unit or VCB/GCB | O/C & 1 E/F release and al up to and| Indoor | with 2 O/C and 1E/F relays with | standby low set E/F relay —| ) | including DC trip using CT at neutral earthing (S30 kVA conductor [Above 63 | ACB drawout type with 3 ar KVA and 11 KV, ABSF unit or VCB/GCB | O/C & 1 E/F release and |” below 1000} Indoor | with 2 O/C and IF/F relays | standby low set E/F relay R KVA | preferably with DC trip using CT at neutral earthing conductor Above VCB/GCB with 2 O/C relays with | ACB drawout type with 3 1000 kVA high set elements, one instantaneous | O/C & 1 E/F release, 2 O/C and up to| Indoor | E/F relay, Buchholz relay, oil and | and 1 E/F relay, standby aii] winding temperature high alarm and | low set E/F protection using including trip. For dry type transformers, | CT at neutral earthing con- 2000 kVA Buchholz relay, oil temperature | ductor, REF protection relay relay and trip are irrelevant. with primary trip. If breaker is having microprocessor based programmable releases having different time settings, separate O/C and E/F relay need not be provided. But low setting E/F relay and REF relay are to be provided. |Elecirical Systems Design ‘Table 43: INRUSH TIME CONSTANTS FOR OIL FILLED TRANSFORMERS Transformer rating kVA i, Se kK eae Tincush He 30 15 0.10 100) 14 0.15 160 12 02 250 12 0.22 400 12 0.25 630) u 0.30 1000 10 0.35 1600 9 0.40 2000 8 0.45 ‘Table 44: INRUSH TIME CONSTANTS FOR CAST RESIN TRANSFORMERS. Transformer rating kVA i Se —— Tioresh i, 200 10.5 O15 250 10.5 0.18 315 10. 0.20 400-500 10. 0.25 630 10 0.26 800-1000. 10. 0.30. 1250 10 0.35 1600 10. 0.40 2000 9.5 0.40 (Source: ABB Lid. 7 where Se = rated capacity of the transformer-kVA toe = inrush current in primary winding-A I, = primary rated current-A ty Table 45: SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENTS ‘The Bureau of Indian Standard specification IS-13234-92 and IEC standard 60909-1988 gives very useful information for the calculation of the peak current. ou, 7 Axe, And, Peak short cirouit current =i, =kV2xI, Initial symmetrical short cireuit current =Electrical Systems Design 31 U, =Nominal line to line system voltage system impedance up to the fault point “k* Voltage factor for low voltage (240/415) .05 for other low voltages «1 for voltages above I kV up to 230 kV (=) k = 1.02 + 0.98e * The value of *k’ can also be evaluated using the figure shown below. a x Graph showing the relation between [and k The breaking current or the rms value of the alternating current flowing through the first phase at the instant of contact separation, during the opening of the circuit breaker in the event of a short circuit is given by 2 where, the value of . depends on the minimum operating delay of the circuit breaker and t the ratio of. The value of u can be obtained from the figure shown below. ons] {| Son] rm m™ os RLS To ro ee ae remee-rnase raucrs Goss __ Factor p for determining the breaking current (IS-13234)32 Electrical Systems Design The initial symmetrical short circuit current “I, ’is the current that is to be considered while selecting the size of the cable, breaking capacity of the circuit breaker and designing the axing system. The peak short circuit current “i,” is to be used in deciding the making capacity of the breakers as well as the dynamic forces due to the short circuit currents on the . ‘Table 46: FAULT LEVEL COMPUTATION AND EARTHING DESIGN Basic equations: ! Source , Base MVA Per unit source impedance z, -—— ue a Short circuit MVA ; : U2, Souree impedance in ohms Ze as Ste where, c = Voltage factor = 1 for 230/415 v = 1.08 for all other low voltages = 1.1 for voltages from 1 kV to 230 kV. Ung = Nominal source voltage-line to line (rms) at Q Slo = Initial symmetric short circuit apparent power at Q 2 Transmission line eel Per unit line impedance Zp, Deas f Base impedance Base kV * Base impedance Z, : eee Base MVA Line inductance (sym. spacing) L, (05 +In Sho” Him T 0 where, d= spacing between conductors in metres and 1 = radius of conductor in metres. .2 Inductive reactance of the overhead line = 0.0628! (2 +ins a where, ‘n= number of conductors per phase 4 = spacing of overhead line in metres 7= mean radius of the conductor = n= area of cross-section of the conductor in mm?red the y of vm Electrical Systems Design 33 ‘Transformer S = Rated apparent power of transformers-VA Rated voltage of transformer on HV or MV side-V Ur Percentage impedance (impedance voltage) of the transformer u, U2 Zp = Transformer impedance-Q = “= —2 100 S.. Pur = Full load loss of transformer-W P, Rr = Resistance of the transformer = —#7 Reactance of the transformer Ir 4 Soil Soil resistivity p = 2xDR ohm-m where, D = Spacing of the spikes in metre and R = Reading of the earth tester in ohms. Earth electrodes = Full load current of the transformer on HV or MV side-A. Permissible current density of the earth electrode Iy = where, 1 = Duration of fault in seconds (3 sec) Earth electrode resistance values for different electrodes: Plate electrode Pipe electrode Strip or conductor electrode where, area of plate electrode (both sides) —m? length of the electrode -m = diameter of the electrode -m width of the strip or twice the diameter of the circular conductor-m oe required: Supply voltage of the system-U;, Fault level on the nearest substation-Sio Length of the transmission line from the substation to the consumers transformer-1 Spacing of the conductors of the O/H transmission lined Radius of the conductor of the O/H line-r (Cross-section of the conductor-mm*—g.) Resistance of the line-R, BHObwW We34 Electrical Systems Design VA capacity of the consumer transformer-S,z Percentage impedance (impedance voltage) of the consumer transformer—uyy Full load loss of the transformer—Pyer 0. Soil resistivity of the transformer location-p eon Design of earth electrodes: ‘The number of earth electrodes can be calculated based on the fault level on the HT side of the consumer transformer. He Permissible current density ofan electrode 2 ey ua where, t= duration of fault (normally 3s) _ Area of earth plates required = TL 1000 mm 's (where, [= initial symmetrical rms fault current on the HV side of the transformer) =Ag Standard size of plate earth electrode =12%12x0.012m Hence, the area of a plate electrodes =2(12*12)m? 2.88 m? Ag Hence, number of earth electrodes required Boer (Rounded to the next integer) Determination of earthing conductor size (Assume that copper is used as earthing conductor) : Permissible current density of copper =118 A/mm? 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Cable [Cable | Cable On On direct trunking | ducting | trays/ | insulators | support ladders wire Bare conductor No No | No No No Yes ‘No Tnsulated No | Yes | Yes Yes No Yes ‘No conductors i Sheathed [ One Yes | Yes | Yes ‘Yes Yes - Yes cables core including = armoured [Multi | Yes | Yes | Yes Yes Yes - Yes cables coreElecirical Systems Design 55 Table 69: DIFFERENT METHODS OF INSTALLATION (REF: FEC 60364-5-52) Reference method of Item No. Deseription installation to obtain current carrying capacity Tnsulated conductors or single core cables in AL conduit in a thermally insulated wall Multi core cables in conduit in a thermally Ay insulated wall Insulated conductors or single core cables in Bi conduit on a wooden or masonry wall or spaced less than 0.3 times diameter of cables from the wall Multi core cables on a wooden ot masonry wall or spaced less than 0.3 times the diameter of the cable from it Single core or multi core cables fixed on, or spaced less than 0.3 times the cable diameter from the wall Cables on non-perforated trays | Multi core cables in conduit or in cable ducting in ground/Single core cables in conduit or in cable ducting in_ground Cables on perforated trays Bare insulated conductors on insulators Table 70: MAXIMUM OPERATING TEMPERATURES OF INSULATION MATERIALS (IEC: 60364-5-52) ‘Type of insulation ‘Temperature limit °C Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) 70 at the conductor Crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) and Ethylene propylene rubber | 90 at the conductor (EPR) Mineral (PVC coated or exposed to touch) 70 at the sheath Mineral (Bare not exposed to touch and not in contact with| 105 atthe sheath combustible material) DE-RATING.OF CABLES To account for the environmental and other conditions of installation, correction factors are to be introduced to determine the correct cross-sectional area of the cables. If I, is the actual load current, the corrected value of the load current to be taken into account for determining the cable cross-section,56 Electrical Systems Design oes Kk,... where, ky etc. are the correction or de-rating factors of the cables. Table 71: DE-RATING FACTOR Ki FOR CABLES LAID IN AIR: (IEC 60364-5-52) Insulation material of the cable Ambient temperature °C PVC XLPE and EPR 15 1.17 1.12 20 112 1.08 25 1.06 1.04 35, 0.94 0.96 40 0.87 0.91 45 0.79 0.87 50 071 0.82 5S 0.61 0.76 0 0.50 071 65 0.65 70 u 0.58 Table 72: DE-RATING FACTOR K; FOR CABLES LAID IN GROUND (IEC 60364-5-52) Ground temperature °C Insulation material of the cable PVC XLPE and EPR 15 1.05 1.04 BS 095 0.96 30 0.89 0.93 35 0.84 0.89 40 0.77 0.85 45 O71 0.80 50 0.63 0.76Electrical Systems Design 57 071 0.65 0.60 0.53 Table 73: DE-RATING FACTOR Ky FOR THE NATURE OF THE SOIL (Source: Schneider Electric) Nature of the soil Correction factor ky Very wet soil 121 Wet soil 1.05 Damp soil 1.0 Very dry soil 0.86 Table 74: DE-RATING FACTOR K, FOR THE BUNCHING OF CABLES (IEC 60364-5-52) Bunching arrangement Number of circuits or multi core cables Reference 1 i 3 4 6 9 | method Bunched in air, on a 1.0 0.8 0.70 0.65 0.57 05 AtoP surface, embedded or enclosed Single layer on wall, on 1.0 0.85 0.79 0.75 0.72 0.70 C. | floor or unperforated tray Single layer fixed | 0.95 | 0.81 | 0.72 | 068 | 064 | O61 G directly under a wooden ceiling | Single layer on a 10 0.88 0.82 0.77 0.73 0.72 EandF perforated horizontal or vertical tray Single layer on a ladder 1.0 0.87 0.82 0.80 0.79 0.78 EandF support or cleats, etc.58 Electrical Systems Design Table 75: DE-RATING FACTOR K, FOR MORE THAN ONE CIRCUIT, SINGLE CORE OR MULTI CORE CABLES LAID DIRECT IN THE GROUND (IBC 60364-5-52) Cable to cable clearance Number of [Touching One cable 0.125 m 0.25 m 05m cireults each other diameter 2 0.75 0.8 0.85 09 09 3 0.65 07 0.75 0.8 0.85 4 0.6 0.6 0.70 0.75 0.80 5 055 0.55 0.65 07 0.80 6 050 055 0.60 07 0.80 Table 76: DE-RATING FACTOR Ks FOR ACCOUNTING 3rd HARMONIC CURRENT (IEC 60364-5-52), Correction factor Third harmonics % Selection based on phase | Selection based on neutral current current 0-15 1.0 15-33 0.86 33-45 0.86 >45 10 Table 77: CURRENT CARRYING CAPACITY OF BURIED CABLES (IEC 60364-5-52) No. of loaded conductors and type of insulation Installation | Size wacthod mm: | Two Three | TwoXLPE | Three XLPE PVC Pvc D Copper 13 22, 18 26 2 25 29 24 34 29 4 38 31 44 37 6 47 39 56 46 10 63 52 B 61 16 81 Gi 95 79 25 104 86 121 101 a 125 103 146 122 50 148 122 173 144Electrical Systems Design 59 70 183 131 213 178 95 216 179) 252 211 120 246 203 287 240 150 278 230 324 211 185 312 258 363 304 240) 361 297 419 351 300 408 336) 474 396 Aluminium 25 22 18.5 26 I 22 4 29 24 34 29 6 36 30 42 36 10 48 40. 56 47 16 62 52 B 61 25 30. 66 93 78. 35 96 80 112 94 50 113 94 132 | 112 70. 140 7 163 138 95 166 138 193 164 120) 189 157, 220 186 150 213 178 249 210 185 240 200 279 236 240 277 230 322, 272 300 313 260 364 308) Table 78: CURRENT CARRYING CAPACITIES OF UNBURIED CABLES (EC 60364-5-52) [Reference Number of loaded conductors and type of insulation Method AI 3 z T pvc xupe | xuPe | 7 T xupe | xLPe Br 3 pyc | pve XLPE B 3 3 5 z pve | pve xupe | _XLPE XLPE a 3 3 Pvc. pvc_| Xurp E 3 ee pve pve | xtPE XUPE F 3 z pve Pvc T 7 7 3 >| 10 es ‘Current carrying capacity ampere 15 TS | 15S as | bs] 2] 2 % a Ds Bua ese %60 Electrical Systems Design ee 2a Pet ale | ee Sars |_| ofa) ae ost oa et a ee eee CEs |= | & | 3 |] 9) 10 a a ee sf or pas fs a tt a S| ese es er | ee) et aso 0 Sas 9 ao as ta 70 ee) 2071 | 19 Pe |g le ee eae te | es. % SS SE Ee ee ee 120 ae ae ata EE sae fee | [| a) see | aria ese ator Tas ee eee a) eo se sess TS |e [= 38 | ee | ae | 50038389 at aa Ae Current carrying capacity -ampere 2a Ee aecee = [To Se [es ee Bsa sn 5 B | [= | |e | | ae] aot a i AO be Wee | Pees [36 ea) |e ese se Gals its 16 4 43 48 53 38 a 66 7B W 4 on NS 3q JIM rn ea ol 6 vL v9 vee vez EZ FOR oor oT st et zt rr or uaeeus 060 = O'S ovo oo “( ; 41 voReynsUy oo | ZT L6T fe 569 A “EW (U4/4M) 902 3 aouerstsay 1o1NpUOD eo/s6r _e'0/vse —'0/zz F'0/OMt —E“O/va_—=E'0/95 £0/9E (ww/*oy) uorenysuos soy>npuoy ose ose 0'9r " 52 wawiavd I 886r (1 3206 JO aineiadwer soxonpuoa xe + de ZH OS DV A OOET Suipniau: pue oyCp ‘epe19 aBerIOA « (Qypeig) WeEYS OAS (arta ‘mone, ‘pey) {$2109 Jo uoHEINSUL IITX -sojonpuod sedoo3, WING IWOINHDAL HIVAHS DAd YH GNV NOLVINSNI Ad 1X NOLONGNOD YAddOD HLM SITAVS LW TOD € (sajqeD xejoury :202n0g) SI TaVD LW FISISHAWENS AO SALLAAdOUd +62 P1481Electrical Systems Design 62 Se/st £00 S22 ONY SLT. 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