THE MUSLIM CONQUEST SPAIN

Muslims conquered Maghreb many times but never truly submitted to Muslim rule. Caliph
Waleed bin Abdul appointed Musa as governor of Africa and Maghreb (not in Muslim
control) and had to be subdued. Musa appointed Tariq bin Ziyad a freed Berber slave as
his general in Maghreb. Tariq conquered Tangier and was made Governor of Tangier.
Ceuta was attempted thrice by Muslims. Once by Uqba bin Nafe, second by Tariq and
third time by Musa himself. All failed due firmness and skills of Count Julian. Later Count
Julian came to terms with Muslims and an agreement of mutual respect and coexistence
was made. Count Julian sent his daughter Florinda (Cava) to the royal court of Toledo to
be taught as per traditions. King Roderic molested her by force. She conveyed this tragedy
to her father with a rotten egg sent him in gifts. Count Julian was furious and took Florinda
back from Toledo without showing the King that he knew what happened. Count Julian
persuaded Tariq to march to Spain and sketched a picture of Spain as weak in defense and
full of bounties. Tariq referred him to Musa and Musa asked Julian to carry out raids in
Spain to win trust of Muslims. After successful raids of Julian, Musa got Caliph
Permission to Spain but to carry out reconnaissance first. Tareef bin Malik with 400
Berbers carried out the mission successfully.

It was now the of 92 Hijri April 711. 7000 foot soldiers force mainly Berbers under Tariq
crossed to Spain in 04 boats brought sufficient logistics for survival. King Rodric was
engaged in countering Franks who had entered the region of Vasconia at north.
Theodomir tried to repulse the Muslims at Carteya and Goths barred the way of Muslims
which was dealt by Mughees Al Rumi detachment. Muslims established main base at
Algeciras (a good selection of base being close to sea and important land points). King
Rodric upon Theodomir request sent a sizeable force under his nephew Bencio. Bencio
was killed at Sidonnia in clash with Muslims. Rodric called all Governors and princes of
King Witzia to deter Muslim advance. Musa sent reinforcement of 5000 Berbers (Total
12000 now) under Tareef upon Tariq request and burnt boats to demolish possibilities of
retreat. Rodric crossed river Barbate and camped in Sidonia. Muslims near Sierra Momia
after crossing river celemin. Rodric sent a scout in Muslim camp who told the King about
Muslims mentioned on the parchment found in The Casket. Roderic force was 3 times the
Muslims (40K). Roderic force mainly comprised of cavalry and had a reserve force and 02
Princess at wings. Muslims were mostly infantry and had no reserve. Fierce battle went on
for three days till sons (princes) of Witzia approached Julian and planned to escape from
battle on condition of their safety and Royal plots and did the same very next day. Muslims
carried out a double envelopment of the Goths and forced them to retreat. Rodric was
drowned in River crossing and Muslim soldiers were given 250 gold dinars each.

Musa bin Nusair: In 613 AD 12 Hijr in the time of Caliph Abu Bakr Muslim army of KBW
conquered Western Iraq and found a religious school at Ain-ut-Tamr where forty Arab boys
were being educated for the priesthood and Nusair was amongst one of them. He was of
Lakhm tribe. All boys were taken away and became Muslims. Nusair became a personal
bodyguard of Caliph Muawia at Damascus. Many years later he entered the service of
Abdul Azeez bin Marwan, brother of Caliph Abdul Malik. Early in 702 83 Hijri Abdul Azeez
appointed him governor of Africa. In 705 (86 Hijri) Al Waleed became Caliph at Damascus
and extended Musa's sphere of responsibility by appointing him governor of Africa and the
Maghreb.

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Q 1.Which Battle is the fiercest between Muslims & Christians?
Ans: The Battle of Barbate (wrongly called Battle of Guadalete) which was the fiercest
battle between the Muslims and the Christians of Spain at which Tariq shattered the Gothic
army of King Roderic.
Q 2.Who has claimed to never lose a battle?
Ans: Here Musa bin Nuseir, who rightly claimed that he had never lost a battle
Q 3.What are the geographical traits of strait of Gibraltar?
Ans:
a. It connects Atlantic with Mediterranean.
b. A narrow strait only eight miles wide.
Q 4.The highest hill in Ceuta on which Tariq stood and saw Spain towards other side of
sea was known as one of the Pillars of Hercules. T/F
Q 5.The Rock of granite on other side of sea in Spain was called Gibraltar (Jabal Tariq)
after landing of Tariq bin Zyad. T/F
Q 6.Who Invited the Muslims and when?
Ans: Count Julian the Governor of Ceuta invited Muslims to attack Spain in 709, (90Hijri)

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Q 7.Who took Tangier and Ceuta?
Ans: Tariq conquered Tangier but failed to take Ceuta. Then Musa himself laid siege of
Ceuta. The siege did not succeed and peace agreement was signed with Count Julian
after lifting the siege.
Q 8.Why Count Julian invited Muslims to attack Spain?
Ans: Following are the reasons for Count Julian to invite Muslims to Spain:
a. The dishonor done to his daughter by King Redric.
b. He wanted the revenge from Roderic.
Q 9.Tariq initial clashes at tangier and Ceuta?
Ans: Tariq bin Ziyad took Tangier by storm. But was repulsed at Ceuta by Count Julian.
Q 10.What were reasons leading to unsuccessful siege of Ceuta by Musa?
Ans: The siege did not succeed because of:
a. The inaccessibility of the promontory of Ceuta.
b. The fortress could be supplied by sea from Spain.
Q 11. What terms were agreed at Ceuta by Musa and count Julian?
Ans: Count Julian made peace with Muslims on following terms.
a. Muslims to lift the siege.
b. Cessation of hostilities.
Q 12.When & where did Musa received the invitation to Invade Spain?
Ans: At HQs in Qairowan in 90 Hijri, received invitation of Count Julian to invade Spain.
Q 13.What was the custom of Goths?
Ans: a. The nobles of the land high officials and military commanders to send their
children to the royal court at Toledo to serve the royal family and acquire a good education
at the court.
b. The entire expense was borne by the government.
Q 14.How Florida informed Count Julian about the tragedy?
Ans: She sent him gifts without a letter and one of these was a rotten egg. The rotten egg
conveyed the message that she had been molested by King Roderic. Count Julian became
violent in rage and swore to undermine his throne and destroy his kingdom.
Q 15.Count Julian normally visited the King Roderic in summer. T/F
Q 16.What was the purpose of Count Julian unusual visit to King Roderic ?
Ans: Purpose of Count Julain visit to Spain was to get his daughter back to Ceuta.
Q 17.How Count Julian persuaded Muslims to invade by describing Spain?
Ans: As a temptation to Tariq he described the following:
a. Abundance of production of all kinds.
b. Fertility and wealth.
c. Richness in grain
d. Beauty of Spain.
e. Weaknesses of the people.
f. Lack of courage of people.
g. Lack of determination to defend their land.
Q 18.What count Julian offered for Spain operation?
Ans: He offered the following:

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 a. To guide the Muslims in person in crossing the strait and in Spain.
b. Provide his 04 vessels for transportation of Muslims to Spain.
c. His soldiers as source of intelligence in enemy territory.
Q 19.How Count Julian presented the internal condition of people of Spain?
Ans: Count Julian presented in the internal condition as following:
a. Weakened by internal strife.
b. Enervated by luxurious living.
c. Without weapons.
d. Without courage.
Q 20.What Musa demanded of Julian when he offered to attack Spain?
Ans: Musa demanded from Count Julian:
a. Raid his own land (Spain).
b. Make a break between yourself and your land.
Q 21.What Julian did to demand of Musa?
Ans: He crossed the strait in two vessels and landed at Algeciras known to the Muslims
as Jazeerat-ul-Khazra the Green Island.
Q 22.What was the advice of Caliph to Musa to invade Spain?
Ans: To send small parties for reconnaissance of the land and do not expose the
Muslims to danger of a fearful sea.
Q 23.What was a highly prized thing?
Ans: A warrior·captive·slave was usually a highly prized individual.
Q 24.Who led the advance guard to Tangier?
Ans: Tariq led the advance guard of Muslims to Tangier and captured that port-city.
Q 25.Which mountain range runs in the center of peninsula?
Ans: In the center of the peninsula runs the range of mountains called the Iberian System.
Q 26.What is the most important part of Spain?
Ans: The most important part of Spain is the southern region known today as Andalucía.
Q 27.Who were the first people to establish civilization in Spain?
Ans: The first people known to establish civilization in Spain were the Iberians. Before
Iberia it was called Hispania.
Q 28.What were the known names of peninsula?
Ans: The three best known names of the peninsula were Iberia, Hispania and Andalus.
Q 29.Who abolished the taxation in Italy and when?
Ans: In 167 BC the Roman Government abolished direct taxation in Italy.
Q 30.What was the most fearful & painful period of Spain?
Ans: Germanic nations were the most fearful and most painful period of its history.
Q 31.Who destroyed the Byzantine rule in Spain?
Ans: The Goths destroyed. This spelt the end of Byzantine rule in Spain.
Q 32.What reason led to crowning of Roderic?
Ans: In 709 Roderic was made king of Spain. The senate gave crown to a noble Goth
named Roderic because of following:
a.King Witiza death was followed by Turmoil and disorder.
b.Goths not satisfied with the sons of Witiza.
c.Widespread agitation in the kingdom.

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 d.Roderic influenced senate for favorable decision.
e.Roderic has support of most of the Nobles, Bishops and Officials.
Q 33.What was the relation between Julian and King Witiza?
Ans: Count Julian wife was the daughter of Witiza.
Q 34.Where King Roderic was engaged during campaign by Muslims?
Ans: Roderic was on a camping at North-east engaged against the Basques and the
Franks in Vasconia.
Q 35.Who broke the locks of mysterious house?
Ans: King Roderic broke the 26 locks of mysterious house.
Q 36.What factors delayed invasion of Spain?
Ans: Following were the factors:
a. Winter not suitable for invasion.
b. Availability of opportunity when Spanish forces would be less readily available to
oppose an invasion.
c. No firsthand knowledge of Spain.
d. Roderic could react quickly to any threat to his kingdom.
e. Fear of disaster if not allowed sufficient time to strengthen at Spanish coast.
Q 37.What was best time for Muslims landing of Spain?
Ans: Best time for Muslims landing of Spain was when Roderic and his army is
committed elsewhere in Spain so that they cannot concentrate on Coast of Spain.

Q 38.What was composition of Tariq landing force?

Ans: Tariq had expeditionary force consist of 7000 men mainly consisted of foot soldiers.

Q 39.What task was assigned to expeditionary/ landing force?

Ans: Following tasks were assigned to landing force:
a. Establish a base on the coast.
b. Maintain communication with Africa.
c. Raid the countryside.
d. Destroy any local Spanish troops encountered.
e. Conquer as much territory as possible.
f. Acquire provisions.
Q 40.How supplies were maintained?
Ans: The landing invasion force acquired provisions because the force was away from
their supply lines at North Africa.

Q 41.What were disadvantages of Muslim Army?

Ans: Following were the disadvantages of Muslims army:
a. Sea between the invasion force and HQs in North Africa.
b. Unknown land.
c. Unknown enemy.
d. Only four boats with its base in North Africa.
Q 42.Why King Roderic marched to North from Base at Toledo?
Ans: Roderic marched from Toledo with the bulk of his army for action against Basques
and Franks agitation against the country.

Q 43.What was Triq first requirement on mainland of Spain?

Ans:
a.Tariq first requirement was a base on mainland where he would be safe from

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 attack and from which he could raid and gather provisions.
b.Tariq chose Granite Mountain as his base and landed at the foot of this mountain
because it was unattackable.
Q 44.What was the logistical capacity of Julian’s boat?
Ans: Each of Julian's boat could carry 100 men and 25 horses.
Q 45.Why crossing was carried out at night?
Ans: To make it appear as normal movement of vessels and avoid suspicion of people in
Spain that an invading force had landed on their shores.
Q 46.What is Jabal Fatah.
Ans: Granite mountain or Mount Calpe was named as pillar of Hercules. It was named
after Muslims landing as Jabal Fatah OR Jabal Tariq the Mountain of Tariq, which time
has changed to Gibraltar.
Q 47.What was defense at landing base in Spain?
Ans: Stone wall fortification surrounding a large camp atop Gibraltar which became
known as the wall of the Arabs.
Q 48.Where Count Julian remained?
Ans: He remained at Algeciras until needed by the Muslims.
Q 49.Who was in-charge of Southern part of Spain when Roderic was away?
Ans: King Roderic left a Gothic Count Theodomir, son of Ergobado as in charge.
Q 50.Where did the Gothic force barred the way of Muslims?
Ans: This Gothic force at Carteya barred the way of the Muslims.
Q 51.Where Muslims established their main base?
Ans: Muslims established their main base at Algeciras a small port town also known as
Jazeerat ul Khazra (Green Island).
Q 52.Where did the Muslims established their first base and why?
Ans: The Muslims established their main base at Algeciras, which could keep touch with
the African coast by Julian's flotilla of four vessels.
Q 53.Which detachment did Theodomir joined?
Ans: Count Theodomir joined the detachment known as 'the flower of Gothic Cavalry.
Q 54.Where first contact B/W Muslims and Gothic took place?
Ans: In the district of Sidonia.
Q 55.How Musa used communication between two continents?
Ans: Through boats constructed at Ceuta by Musa himself.
Q 56.What advantage Muslims had after Sidonia?
Ans: Muslims captured large number of horses which strengthened mobility of Muslim
force.
Q 57.Where Tariq established his 2nd base?
Ans: Tariq established his 2nd base at Tareefa along the coast route.
Q 58.Which city was important after Toledo?
Ans: Cordoba.
Q 59.What was strategic reason for Toledo?
Ans: Placed Muslims nearer objective and maintained direct and close communication
with North Africa.
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Q 60.What were the reasons for King Roderic defeat?
Ans: Following are the main reasons:
a. Prices sons of late King Witiza did not trust him and revolted in war.
b. Gothic nobles did not like King Roderic.
c. King Roderic was not from the family of King.
Q 61.What Gothic nobles thought about Muslims?
Ans: Muslims:
a. Will not settle in Spain.
b. Want only plunder and will go back.
c. Let be defeated along with King Roderic.
d. Will hand power to Goths after defeat.
e. Goths will place a deserving person on throne.
Q 62. How many Berbers Musa sent as reinforcement to Tariq?
Ans: . He just sent 5000 Berbers to reinforce Tariq.
Q 63. What was the war strategy of Musa against the Goths?
Ans: Musa would cross over with his larger army after Tariq blow, bring the Goths to
battle before they could recover and inflict a crushing defeat upon them.
Q 64. Why Tariq’s ablaze his boats after reinforcement?
Ans: Tariq burnt his boats so that there must be no chances of retreat to go back from
Spain. It was a gesture of total devotion and gallantry to a cause.
Q 65.Why Musa sent only mainly Berbers as reinforcement?
Ans:
a. He let Tariq engage the Goths with his own Berber army.
b. Musa was not likely to win.
c. Goths will become weak for further battle.
d. Musa himself will fight Goths with larger army and defeat them.
Q 66.Advantages of Tariq Camping at Pass Fancinas?
Ans: it was a hilly terrain safer for Tariq army. There he could beat off Gothic attacks
with a greater assurance of success and survival. Following are advantages:
a. Safer place as was hilly terrain.
b. Ideal for defense.
c. Restricted maneuverability.
d. Nullify advantage of superior members.
Q 67.What was King Roderic Mistakes?
Ans: King Roderic Mistakes are:
a. Did not wait for the concentration of all the Christian warriors of Spain.
b. He left most of his infantry behind and went with his cavalry.
c. He was accompanied by defected sons of Witiza (Right & left Wings).
Q 68.What was the spy mission of King Roderic agent?
Ans: To carry out reconnaissance to assess Muslims strength and condition.
THE BATTLE OF THE RIVER BARBATE
Battle of River Barbate was fought in July 711 Muharram 28, 92 Hijri. It marked the
beginning of the end of Gothic rule and opened the doors of Spain and Western Europe to
Islam.
10,000 men of Roderic army were killed and another 10,000 POWs. Among those killed
was Sisberto, brother of King Witiza second-in-command of the right wing. Muslims lost
3000 martyrs in the way of Allah. Muslims fought and defeated a superior Gothic army in

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typical, set piece, Gothic fashion, far from the Berber hit-and-run warfare. The booty
collected was immense. After taking out one-fifth of it as the share of the state, Tariq
distributed the rest at a scale equivalent to 250 gold dinars per head. A smaller force of
infantry, lacking the capability of fast maneuver, faced with a much larger and more mobile
force, restricting the field of battle to a narrow front and robbing the enemy of its advantage
of mobility. Muslims force lacking strength to attack remained on defensive to receive to
wear down the larger force to create conditions for a counter stroke. The smaller force
went offensive when enemy was weakened in repeated repulses. The final attack in the
form of a double envelopment combined with a frontal assault. It was a beautiful battle
brilliantly conceived, superbly conducted and heroically fought.

Q 69.Where Battle of Barbate took place and strengths?

Ans: In the confined space between the Lagoon of Janda and the foothills of the Sierra
Monia. Gothic army of 40,000 Vs 12000 Muslims.
Q 70.Dominant arm of Goths was Cavalry.
Q 71.Traits of Gothic army?
Ans: The better class soldiers wore armour and formed forward ranks of army and the
soldiers were armed with:

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 a. Swords
b. lances and bows
c. Shields for defense.
d. Additionally the heavy and much feared German battle-axe.
Q 72.Traits of Muslims army?
Ans: Tariq and his soldiers wore a coat of mail and had a white turban on head. All were
armed with swords and lances and bows.
Q 73.In addition to conventional weapons many Goths carried heavy and much-feared
German battle-axe.
Q 74.Drawback of Roderic Army?
Ans: The knights were dressed finery-silk and brocade with precious stones decorating
their robes and weapons and hence were giving bad impression.
Q 75.What was differ b/w Knights, soldiers and slaves?
Ans: The status of every individual was known by his ring:
a. Knights wore gold rings.
b. Soldiers wore silver.
c. Followers and slaves wore copper.
Q 76.Name of horse of King Roderic was "Orelia".
Q 77.How Visigothic Army was formed?
Ans: Roderic organized his army according to the conventional pattern with a powerful
center and two wings.
a. Leading ranks of cavalry to break the enemy front with shock action.
b. Reserve force behind center for use as required.
c. Strong bodyguard in front for personal protection.
Q 78.Typical Visigothic Maneuver: The leading ranks were cavalry with the task to
assault and break the enemy front with shock action.

Q 79.Count Julian provided all information about Gothic tactics to Muslims.

Q 80.Tariq trained his soldiers to fight in close, compact formations suitable for war against
the Goths.
Q 81.Tariq army was lacking the capacity of Fast maneuver.
Q 82.Tariq army was mainly consisted of Infantry.
Q 83.What was Tariq strategy for deployment of forces?
Ans: Tariq army was mainly infantrymen so he choose his position to make the battle a
frontal clash (prepared army in close combat) and deployed his army accordingly as below:
a. Deployment on a confined front b/w Lagoon-Janda and the hills.
b. Right flank on foothills.
c. Left on the River Celemin beyond which lay the marsh.
Q 84.Disadvantage of Tariq army?
Ans: He had no reserve due less strength.
Q 85.What was Tariq strategy for battle?
Ans: Placed his black troops in front rank of center. Policy was as follows:
a. Remain on defensive to wear down enemy offensive.
b. Go offensive when enemy army has been weakened.
Q 86.What were disadvantages of Roderic army?
Ans: The battle would have to be a frontal one and:
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 a. Frontal battle deprived Goths of benefit of mobility.
b. Denied room for maneuver.
c. Marshes on one side of Tariq’s army and hills on other side did not permit free
movement of large cavalry of Goths.
Q 87.What was Advantage and disadvantage of reserve force?
Ans: Roderic could replace his casualties with reserves and replace exhausted men with
fresh troops while Tariq could not due non availability of reserve force.
Q 88.What Tariq addressed when his men got tired during battle?
Ans: a. Tariq addressed his men as whatever I do you do the same. When I attack,
you attack, when I stop, you stop. Be like a single body in combat.
b. If you win then the booty and beauty of Spain will be yours.
Q 89.Reasons for Princes (Watiza faction) withdrawal from Roderic?
Ans:
a. Hateful Roderic rule will remain upon victory.
b. The princes sent agents to the Muslim camp.
c. They offered to desert the Gothic army with their followers and come to Muslims
in return for their protection and a promise to handover to them the estates of their
father which were seized by Roderic.
Q 90.What was Tariq planning after Prices defection from Roderic?
Ans: Tariq's plan was double envelopment combined with a powerful frontal attack.
a. First the Muslim wings would attack enemy wings and drive them off the
battlefield.
b. Final phase: A three-pronged attack from front and flank.
c. Black troops on left wing to face Gothic right wing.
d. Tariq with picked warriors at center on back of horses.
Q 91.What unusual tactic Tariq adopted against Roderic army?
Ans: Unusual tactic Tariq infantry to frontally attack a cavalry turned Roderic preparations
for his own attack.
Q 92.What Roderic did when Gothic Wings of princes bolted?
Ans: Roderic placed his reserve force in place of deserting wings.
Q 93.What was main advantage of victory in Battle of Barbate?
Ans: a. large number of horses.
b. Every Muslim was a mounted warrior.
c. Muslims formed a formal cavalry force.
Q 94.Pearl and sapphires studded Sandler of Roderic was sold for 100K dinars.
Q 95.Results of Battle of River Barbate?
Ans: A decisive victory for Muslims. It marked the beginning of the end of Gothic rule
and opened the doors of Spain and Western Europe to Islam.
Q 96.Why Musa stopped Tariq’s further advance after Battle of barbate?
Ans: Musa stopped Tariq’s further advance until Musa himself has joined. Musa did this
to gain personal fame.
DEEPER INTO SPAIN

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Tariq marched to Cordoba. He went to Ecija Enroute which had a sizeable force and
fortifications and gave Muslims a tough resistance. General of Ecija came to bathe in river
where Tariq also happened to be bathing. Both were unaware of each other. Tariq
captured him and took him back to Muslim camp where he revealed his identity. The
general agreed upon surrendering and paying Jizya. Tariq in Ecija received Musa’s
furious letter to cease his advance till arrival of Musa. Tariq called war council to sought
advice. All along with Julian advised Tariq to advance against Goths as they were
presently weak. Julian advised to advance to Toledo where all the Goth high officials were
present instead of Cordoba before the Goths could make any new strategy. Julian’s advice
was agreed upon. Tariq formed three forces to advance in different directions. First
under Tariq to Toledo (700 Horses), second under Zeid bin Qasadi (700 Horses) to
Malaga and third under Mughees Al Rumi to Cordoba. Zeid easily captured Alvira, Malaga
and Archidona with Julians guidance and put Jews in charge of affairs in these areas.
Jews were tired of the Goth’s oppressions and welcomed Muslims whole heartedly.
Mughees marched to Cordoba and found it insufficiently defended. He sneaked his forces
inside with the assistance of a shepherd and found the Governor of Cordoba locked himself
up in a Church with 400 soldiers. Mughees cut the water supply line to the church to starve
them to surrender. Mughees captured the prince while escaping and soldiers inside the
church were mostly killed. Cordoba also fell to Muslims. When Tariq arrived at Toledo,
most of the high officials had abandoned the city. Toledo was defended by individual
generals serving the kingdom. Toldedo offered the terms of surrender and were surprised
by the Muslims conditions. Jews of Spain had a long history of being oppressed by their
Christian rulers. Especially in the reign of King Egica in late 600s AD. The oppression was
on its peak during this time. So the Jews saw Muslims as their saviors. This was
reciprocated by Muslims and all subjects were given equal freedom to practice their
religion. Musa with 18000 men and his three sons sailed from Ceuta to west of Algeciras.
The place later was known as Marsa Musa (Harbour of Musa). Musa swept the coastal
region and then Medina Sidonnia, Alcala de Guadaira and Carmona being the outposts of
the city of Seville. Carmona was well situated for defenses. It was captured by introducing
some of Julian's men disguised as Christians coming from a war with Muslims who later
opened the gates for Muslims. The city was conquered. Afterwards, Musa laid siege at
Seville and conquered it by Aug 712.
Q 97.Why Musa was unable of detailed plan of operation deeper into Spain?
Ans: Because of the lack of information about Spain especially its geography Musa was
unable to prepare a detailed or precise plan of operations.
Q 98.What was Musa's intention in sending Tariq and his Berbers to Spain?

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Ans: Following are the reasons:
a.To test the power of Visigoths
b.Discover strengths and weaknesses of Visigoths.
c.Musa to achieve great victory in Spain himself once Tariq had weakened Visigoths
and prepared for the final blow.
Q 99.Condition of Visigoths at Cordoba?
Ans:
a. Defeat in battle of Barbate.
b. Visigoths were suffering from the physical and moral shock.
c. Were easy to be defeated in any further campaign.
d. Best time to crush the remaining opposition.
Q 100.What was the reason of Musa’s fury and envy of Tariq?
Ans: Musa wanted self-fame and glory. Vast spoils acquired in battle went to Tariq and
his Berbers instead of being divided amongst all the warriors under Musa's command.
Musa sent a harsh letter to Tariq to cease any further advance and remain where he was
until Musa had joined him.
Q 101.What was the first thing happened after battle of Barbate?
Ans: Sons of Witiza came to Tariq and demanded their own share of 1000 farms which
was promised to them.
Q 102.When did Tariq set off again for new endeavors?
Ans: At the beginning of August 711 Shawwal 92 Hijri Tariq set off once again for Toledo.
Q 103.What were the defenses of Ecija?
Ans: a. River Genil on eastern side.
b. High wall on western side.
Q 104.Why Jews of Ecija wanted change and annoyed of Visigothic rule?
Ans: Jews of Ecija wanted change due to following reasons:
a. They suffered brutal oppression in Visigotic rule.
b. Jews were treated as hated religious minority.
Q 105.What was impression of Spanish people after Barbate and Ecija?
Ans: a. When Ecija was surrendered to Muslims. There was no bloodshed, no
plunder, no impost of any kind. The citizens paid Jizya and were left in peace in
possession of their homes and property, free to practice their religion and live their lives as
before .
b. on the other hand the Gothic rule was very cruel and there was no freedom of
religion in their rule.
Q 106.Tariq received the rude letter of Musa BN at Ecija.
Q 107.What were the reasons Tariq proceeded despite Musa warning?
Ans: Tariq called a war council and agreed to proceed further due following reasons:
a. Visigoths were scattered by defeats.
b. Visigoths were incapable of serious resistance.
c. Spain was lying almost defenseless.
d. Was best time to proceed ahead to take Spain.
Q 108.What was count Julian advise during War council of Tariq?
Ans: Count Julian advise to Tariq was as following:
a. Enemy is shattered and panic stricken.
b. Attack the capital city.
c. Divide your army into several groups.
d. Go yourself to Toledo where their leaders are assembling.
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 e. Prevent the enemy from a chief to lead them.
f. Offered skilled guides to lead the Muslim army.
THE CONQUEST OF CORDOBA
Q 109.The coastal zone of southern Spain was the strategically base of invasion.
Q 110.What deception/ Masking plan Tariq adopted to march Toledo?
Ans: Tariq created two separate detachments of 700 horse each under Mughees al·Rumi
and Zaid bin Qesadi and main force under Tariq against Toledo and followed the masking
plan as the two forces:
a. To engage and mask enemy forces.
b. To prevent interference with Tariq's flank and rear.
c. Muslims to remain in communication with the sea.
Q 111.What Tariq addressed his Two commander?
Ans:
a. No offence to unarmed and peaceful inhabitants.
b. Attack only armed or who actively assisted Muslim opponents.
c. No plunder except taken in battlefield.
Q 112.Muslims appointed Jews to run the administration upon conquering a city or
Hispano-Romans if no Jews are available.
Q 113.What additional task was as assigned to Mughees in Cordoba?
Ans: His task was to keep the enemy in Cordoba engaged to not to interfere with
Tariq's operations against Toledo.
Q 114.Cordoba was a center civic organization having street lighting and underground
sewerage.
Q 115.Defenses of Cordoba?
Ans:
a. River in south.
b. Hills of the Sierra de Cordoba in North.
c. Wall all around city.
d. Battlements and towers
e. Many Gates.
f. A citadel for defense.
Q 116.A shepherd gave information about defenses of Cordoba to Mughees.
Q 117.What info the shepherd gave about Cordoba?
Ans:
a. Defenses of Cordoba.
b. Wall surrounding the city.
c. Wall at river bank well defended.
d. A breach at gate of statue.
e. Inhabitants had left for Toledo.
f. The governor still in city with 400 soldiers.
g. The citizens lift are the poor.
Q 118.The shepherd described the wall and the breach in the Gate of statue.
Q 119.What problem faced Muslims to cross the river to wall of Cordoba?
Ans: Space b/w wall and bank was fifty feet wide not suited for 700 horses. They would
have to reduce the number of horses by crossing two men to a horse. Then there was the
problem of surprise not to be detected.
Q 120.How did Allah aided the faithful in Cordoba?

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Ans:
a. Weather turned bad and Sky overcast.
b. Strong wind began.
c. Developing of Storm.
d. Heavy rain with hail at night masked the crossing.
Q 121.What advantages Muslims gained due rain and hail during crossing?
Ans: a. The rain and hail drove the sentries from the battlements and no one saw the
approach of the Muslims.
b. Foul weather masked sound of horses.
Q 122.Mughees warriors crossed the wall in Cordoba through a Fig Tree.
Q 123.How the Church (San Acisclo) was defended?
Ans:
a. It was like a citadel.
b. Water supply was provided through underground channel.
c. Provisions stocked for long.
Q 124.Mughees had no equipment for siege of Cordoba.
Q 125.The siege of Cordoba remained for more than two months.

THE FALL OF TOLEDO

Q 126.What was the main objective of Mughees?
Ans: His objective was Toledo the capital of the Visigothic kingdom of Spain.
Q 127.Enlist defenses of “Toledo”
Ans:
a. Protected on three sides by deep gorge of River Tagus.
b. 500 feet height of gorge sides impossible to climb for attack.
c. Wooded hills on southern side.
d. No defense on north side.
Q 128.The Capital city of Toledo could be attacked only from the north side.
Q 129.Factors contributed to failure of resolve of Christian of Toledo to defend their
city?
Ans: High command perished in the battle of Barbate and therefore there was:
a. No high command to direct operations.
b. No supreme commander or staff.
c. No one in charge.
d. No political head.
e. Only Individual Generals left to the command structure.
f. Individual Generals resisted in castles only.
g. The senate was still there but needed time to select another man as king to
create a team to run affairs of war and peace.
Q 130.What reasons lead to Muslims conquests?
Ans:
a. The valor of the Muslims.
b. Rapidity of their movements.
c. Cunning of their plans.
Q 131.What were the terms imposed by Tariq?

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Ans:
a. Give up their weapons and horses.
b. Those who wished to depart were free.
c. Who elected to stay were assured security of their possession.
d. Free to exercise their religious faith.
e. Nothing would be taken from them.
f. No plunder.
g. No captivity.
h. No slavery.
i. They will remain peaceful and law-abiding.
j. Pay the Jizya for adults.
k. No Jizya for old men, women and children.
Q 132.What was strategy of Tariq after he conquered Toledo?
Ans: He spent some time organizing the administration of the conquered city with the
Jews in charge of it. He left a small garrison of soldiers to keep control over the city and
ordered his army to prepare for another campaign.
Q 133.Tariq conquered Spain virtually.
Q 134.Toledo was the high watermark of Tariq's campaign.
Q 135.Unique thing Tariq got as spoil at Toledo was table of Solomon.
Q 136.What were the reasons for Muslims army exhaustion after Toledo?
Ans: The men were exhausted because of following:
a. Continuously on campaigns for six months.
b. They were tired of marching and fighting.
Q 137.What was Booty at Toledo?
Ans: Muslims collected a vast amount of wealth in gold and silver, in goods beyond
counting in treasure which left them fascinated. There were:
a. 25 crowns of gold adorned with pearls and precious stones.
b. Thousand swords studded with rubies and pearls.
c. Several vessels filled with rubies, emeralds, topazes and pearls.
d. Huge garden carpet branches of gold, pearls and rubies.
e. Utensils of gold and silver.
f. Table of Solomon.
THE CHRISTIANS AND THE JEWS
Q 138.Main reason of dispute between Christian and visigothic Christian was regarding the
person and nature of the Prophet Jesus.
Q 139.Visigoths were Arians.

Q 140.The Arians faith was officially rejected in the 3rd council of Toledo.
Q 141.The Arians changed from Arianism to Catholicism.
Q 142.The Christians considered the Jews as the murderers of Christ.
Q 143.What restrictions Christians imposed on Jews?
Ans: The Jewish community was reduced to slavery. They were:
a. Stripped of all property and trade possessed.
b. No inter marriages.

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 c. No Christian slave for Jews.
d. A Jew to be killed and property confiscated if he converts a Christian to Judaism.
e. No public office holding for Jews.
f. Forced conversion of Jews to Christians.
g. Abandon Jewish rites of Sabbath, circumcision and dietary rules.
h. No possession of Jews religion book or reading.
i. Means of subsistence destroyed.
j. Children over 7 years forcibly taken away and never returned to parents.
k. One who deny above laws was killed by burning or stoning.
Q 144.What Tariq set rules for Jews after Toledo?
Ans:
a. Freedom and dignity.
b. Equality before the law.
c. Saved from destruction.
d. Jews appointed to run administration of conquered cities.
e. Jews welcomed Muslims as liberators and saviors after four centuries of
repression.
THE COMING OF MUSA
Q 145.What was the strength of Musa’s army?
Ans: The army numbered to 18,000.
Q 146.What reasons led Musa to cross to Spain himself?
Ans: Musa was coming to Spain not only for war and glory but also to serve Islam and
gain merit with Allah.
Q 147.How Musa formed his army?
Ans: Mainly cavalry and Arab with a few Berbers.
Q 148.Which was the first place Musa faced serious opposition?
Ans: The first place where he met serious opposition was Medina Sidonia.
Q 149.What reasons led Musa to take fortress first in Madina Sedonia?
Ans: The two Fortresses acted as outposts for the city of Seville. One was Alcala de
Guadaira and the other Carmona. Following are the reasons to take these down before
going to Seville:
a. Acted as outposts for the city of Seville.
b. Rear of Musa army was exposed to Fortresses while attacking Seville.
c. Stood upon a ridge rose above the plain.
d. Steeper slopes near top and at places capped by cliff.
Q 150.What strategy Musa’s adopted to get into the fortress?
Ans: Count Julian cavalry was dressed and armed as normal Gothic Christian to fortress
gate and narrated story in local language that they survived a clash with Muslims. They
were let in and given shelter. They opened the gate at the appointed time. The Muslim
horsemen rode inside the town and the town who surrendered. With the fall of Carmona
the entire region east of Seville was clear of Gothic troops.
THE CONQUEST OF MERIDA
Merida was a tough place to conquer. The siege went on for months from almost Oct 712
to Jun 713 with inactivity during the winter and occasional raids/ sallies throughout the
seige. Finally the Duke of Merida (Sacarus) being desperate of the situation, surrendered.
While Musa was laying siege in Merida, the people of Seville started a rebellion against
Muslims who were left behind as detachment. 80 Muslim soldiers were brutally killed at

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Seville. Musa furious of the news sent his son Abdul Azeez to teach them lesson. Abdul
Azeez after reconquering Seville was ordered by Musa to proceed to South East. Count
Theodomir was in command at Orihuela. He fought Muslim force of Abdul Azeez using
cover and ambush tactics. Muslims were victorious but Theodomir escape to fortified city.
The city appeared to have armed guards on all of its perimeters. Muslims laid siege and
finally the two sides negotiated terms of peace. When Theodomir was annihilated, he
ordered the women in town to cut heir and hang them on their faces like beards, dress up
like soldiers and stand on the walls with poles.
Musa set to Toledo to punish Tariq for his insubordination. Musa put him in dungeon with
fetters. Mughees told Caliph details of Tariq conquering Spain and Musa dealing with
Tariq. Caliph wrote to Musa to reinstate Tariq and was reinstated. Musa and Tariq set off
for further campaigns together like old times. Mughees returned to Spain and Caliph
summoned Musa to Damascus along Tariq. Musa made two forces; one under himself to
South and other under Tariq to go North in Galicia. Count Casius (Qasi) governor of Ebro
valley converted to Islam during this campaign of Tariq.
Musa as per Caliph’s order started his journey to Damascus with Tariq and Mughees in
company. Travelling with them was a huge treasure of war spoils and numerous captives
of war including many of royal blood. Musa made his sons Abdul Azeez, Abdul Malik and
Abdullah the governors of Spain, Maghreb and Africa respectively. Only Mughees among
the three generals governor of Cordoba as captive. Musa and Tariq conspired and got him
killed which made Mughees furious. Caliph Al Waleed was seriously ill. Sulaiman Caliph
brother also had his eyes on the prize from Spain. Al Waleed wrote to Musa to hurry while
Sulaiman conveyed his message to Musa to slow down and arrive after Waleed’s death.
Musa being in a fix decided to hurry rather than delaying.
Tariq and Mughees reached Damacus before Musa and told Caliph and his brother
Sulaiman all accounts of Spain. They told them how Musa falsely claimed all the
conquests and that he did not do justice with states share of spoils. After a few weeks Al
Waleed passed away and Sulaiman was crowned. Sulaiman held a trial of Musa being the
judge himself. He passed the judgment of Musa being guilty. He imposed a fine of 200k
dinars and publicly humiliated Musa. Musa was made house arrest at Yazeed bin Al
Muhallib’s home.
Caliph sought advice from Mughees to reinstate Tariq as governor of Spain. Mughees did
not recommend Tariq for the post of governor. Tariq went back to Spain as a common
man. Musa also went back to Spain where he bought a palace in Cordoba. His lineage in
Spain enjoyed a good status. Julian also settled down in Cordoba. He remained a
Christian till death but his predecessors became devout Muslims.

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Q 151.List down defenses/ fortification of Merida?
Ans:
a. River on south-western side.
b. Hills on North and Eastern side.
c. Concealment due River/ Hills, rise & fall of ground
d. Powerful walls and towers.
e. Citadel with massive battlements.
f. Forts within forts.
Q 152.How the water was supplied to Marida?
Ans: Within the citadel a sloping passage led down to a small underground reservoir
level with the river which was automatically filled by the water of the flowing river.
Q 153.How Musa sieged Merida to cut off supply lines?
Ans: Musa split his army into divisions around the north-eastern of the city and placed
detachments south of the river to cover the bridge and prevent supplies and
reinforcements from getting to the besieged garrison.
Q 154.What strategy/ maneuver Musa planned during siege of Merida?
Ans: Musa used a maneuver once used by Khalid to draw away enemy from fort gate by

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retreating and then ambush from front, flank and rear side with a concealed group.
a. Concealed Cavalry behind a hill and wait for Musa’s signal.
b. Muslim attacked the gate to draw out gothic army.
c. Muslim retreated to draw Goths away from gate.
d. Goths followed the retreating army unaware of Musa plan.
e. Musa gave signal to waiting force and attacked the Goths.
f. Goths were attacked from front/ flank and behind.
Q 155.Why Musa 1st plan failed?
Ans: Musa force broke into the walls. However, there was another fort inside the walls of
outer fort restricting way of Musa into the inner fort.
Q 156.What was Musa’s next plan to get into Merida?
Ans: Musa now decided to attempt a breach in one of the towers which he judged as
suitable for gaining entry into the city. He also constructed a large Testudo for the purpose.
Q 157.Why Musa 2nd plan also failed?
Ans: Musa Army used Testudo to get into another wall. However they found yet
another wall and were killed during fight with the Goths. The tower was named the tower
of martyrs.
Q 158.What reasons led Goths to surrender Merida?
Ans: The siege lasted for seven months and starved the Goths of provisions. Goths
surrender Merida because of following reasons:
a. Lack of provisions.
b. Arrival of Muslims reinforcements from Tariq army (North side).
c. Lack of any hope of relief.
d. Sacarus sent delegation for terms of surrender.
Q 159.What strange thing Goths observed about Musa?
Ans: Sacarus delegation saw Musa an old man with white beard then he dyed his beard
red and next black. Goths told Sacarus that Musa can change appearance at will and who
grow young after having been old. Goths suggested that we should go to him and give him
whatever he demands.
Q 160.When was Merida occupied?
Ans: Merida was occupied on June 712, Shawwal 1, 94 Hijri.
Q 161.What was booty of Merida?
Ans: Muslims took possessions of those who:
a. Fled the city
b. Killed in battle outside the city
c. The treasures of the churches.
d. Hostages from best families as guarantee of good behavior.

THE REST OF SOUTHERN SPAIN

Q 162.How Seville fell to Christians again?
Ans:
a. Christian came inside fort with concealed weapon.
b. Muslims considered them as unarmed civilian.
c. Concealed Christians incited locals leading to sharp uprising.
d. 80 of Muslims guards killed unprepared and Seville fell to Christian.
Q 163.Abdul Azeez son of Musa conquered Seville for second time in January 713
Rabi·ul Akhir 94 Hijri.

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Q 164.What mission was given to Abdul Azeez by Musa?
Ans: Musa gave his son Abdul Azeez the mission of conquering the south east.
Q 165.Theodomir was the most gifted general of Christian in Spain.
Q 166.What war tactic was used by Theodomir against Abdul Aziz?
Ans: Theodomir did not want fighting in open but in the valleys and passes of the hilly
region which lay east of Elvira to inflict considerable damage on advancing force of
Muslims.
a. Fought from pass to pass restricting movement of Muslims.
b. From hilltop to hilltop.
c. Felled back to release pressure.
d. Attacked relaxing Muslims cavalry.
e. Hit and run tactic on least expecting isolated groups.
f. Kept out of reach of cavalry of Abdul Aziz.
Q 167.Why Theodomir accepted battle in open?
Ans: Following are the main reasons:
a. Caused enough injury to win in open.
b. Encouraged by his choice of battlefield of advantage.
c. Needed time to strengthen the castle of Orihuela and provision for siege.
Q 168.Shortages of Theodomir Army once fled to cross the river to Oriheula?
Ans:
a. Very few soldiers fit for combat.
b. Short of weapons.
c. Short of provisions.
Q 169.What did Abdul Azeez witnessed when he entered the conquered city?
Ans: Abdul Azeez accompanied by his chiefs and a group of horsemen entered the city.
He was astonished to see that there were no male warriors inside. There were only
women and children on the battlements inside the castle.
Q 170.What were the defenses of Oriheula?
Ans: Orihuela was very strong ancient towns of Spain, easy to defend and difficult to
conquer. It has strong defenses as follows:
a. River Segura in South and south-west.
b. 700 feet high hill on northern side.
c. A ridge of 2000 feet height above the plain and to north/ north-west of town.
d. A protective wall all around the town.
e. Wall Towers to strengthen the defense.
f. A citadel within the town known "Palacio de Teodomiro.
Q 171.What terms were offered for surrender Oriheula by Theodomir?
Ans: Theodomir not facially known to Muslims disguised himself as emissary of
Theodomir for terms of surrender. He offered following for surrender:
a. Peace on honorable terms.
b. Guaranteed safety of all citizens.
c. No harm to anyone.
d. No property to be destroyed.
e. No plunder.
Note: Abdul Azeez accepted above terms for peaceful surrender of Oriheula.
Q 172.What tactics/ strategy Count Theodomir did at Oriheula?
Ana: Muslims laid siege or Oriheula and finally the two sides negotiated the terms of

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peace. Theodomir army had been annihilated before crossing the river. He ordered the
women in the town to cut heir and hang them on their faces like beards, dress up like
soldiers and stand on the walls with poles. Thus Muslims were tricked that Oriheula is still
guarded with large army.
Q 173.What were the clauses of terms of surrender at Oriheula?
Ans: The treaty was drawn up on April 713 Rajah 94 Hijri between Abdul Azeez bin Musa
bin Nusair and Tudmir Lord of the Land of Tudmir. It has following caluses:
a. Tudmir to retain command over his own people.
b. No war Theodomir and the Arabs.
c. Free to exercise their religion.
d. Protection of churches.
e. No captives.
f. Convention applied to 7 neighbor cities.
g. Tudmir not to receive enemies of Muslims.
h. Payment of Jizya of a dinar each year each person.
Q 174.Count Theodomir was the only Gothic general who did not bite the dust in the war
against the Muslims but remained an honored and respected lord.
THE CONQUEST OF THE NORTH
Q 175.Describer traits of Tariq’s Soldier?
Ans: Tariq organised his command as a light, fast-moving cavalry division suitable for
rapid movement, freed by a bulky supply system. Traits of Tariq’s Soldier are:
a. Every man carried a horse.
b. Weapons and armor.
c. A bag of rations.
d. A copper kettle.
e. Some soldiers with luxury of a change of clothing.
f. Number of mules in proportion to strength tribe/ clan.
g. Less suited soldiers for combat placed in-charge of mule train.
Q 176.What was the importance of Saragosa?
Ans: a. Saragosa was an important center of communications and capturing of it was
essential for the successful launching of further operations.
b. Military station/ cantonment.
Q 177.Tariq arrived at Saragosa to find the gates closed and with the usual offer: Islam,
the Jizya or the sword. Tariq's offer of peace on Payment of Jizya was accepted and gates
of Saragossa opened.
Q 178.What did Muslims confiscated?
Ans: The Muslims confiscated the official treasures and any valuable. The most
important of which were the religious relics and the treasures of church.
Q 179.What made Christians of Saragossa not to fight?
Ans: Because of the just and kind treatment of the conquering Muslims further
weakened their desire to fight them.
Q 180.Terms for Saragossa Surrender?
Ans:
a. No harm to the people.
b. No harm to property or the churches.
c. Peace and security for everyone.
d. No plunder of possession.

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 e. Free to pray in churches.
Q 181.What Muslims confiscated in Saragossa?
Ans: The Muslims confiscated:
a. Official treasures and any valuable.
b. Easily movable property belonging to the state.
c. Wealth of the churches.
Q 182.What was the Vision of Musa?
Ans: Musa visions was building a great highway between Spain & Syria so that the faithful
could travel from one to the other without entering upon the sea.
Q 183.Who was to be appointed Archbishop of Toledo?
Ans: Bishop Oppas, brother of the late King Witiza who had plotted against Roderic did
much to facilitate Musa advance. He was appointed Archbishop of Toledo by Musa.
Q 184.What was Musa plan for Galacia?
Ans: Musa's planned to advance on a broad front in two columns: Tariq to the north and
Musa to the south. They would sweep across Galicia between the Cantabrian Mountains
and the Sierra de Guadarrama.
Q 185.Conversion of Count Casius, Governor of the Ebro Valley region resulted in
conversion of many notables and thus opposition to Muslims invasion was reduced.
Q 186.Political skill of Musa?
Ans: Musa used Christian priesthood as intermediaries to discourage Gothic leaders
from resistance.
Q 187.What factors made Peaks of Europe a hard objective?
Ans: following are the main factors:
a. Steep ridges.
b. Deep ravines.
c. Cold weather.
d. Starvation.
Q 188.When was the conquest of Spain ended?
Ans: It was now August 714, the very end of 95 Hijri. A magnificent campaign had
come to a glorious end, going as far as Narbonne in France.

Q 189.What were the orders of Caliph to Musa by 2nd messenger?

Ans:
a. Leave the army in Spain under suitable command.
b. Return to Damascus.
c. Bring Tariq with him.
Q 190.How was the treasure transported and what it included?
Ans: The treasure was transported in 114 wagons along with table of Solomon.
Q 191.How Musa organized his army when he lift for Damuscus?
Ans: The column started from Lugo and journeyed to Toledo, then to Cordoba, then to
Seville.
a. 1ST SON: He appointed his son Abdul Azeez as governor of Spain, leaving with
him a deputy command Habib bin Abi Ubaida bin Uqba bin Nafe grandson of Uqba
bin Nafe.
b. Special attention to north eastern frontier.

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 c. 2ND SON: Appointed Abdul Malik governor of the Maghreb with Tangier as
capital.

d. 3RD SON: Appointed eldest son Abdullah Governor of Africa at Qairowan. With
this command arrangement Africa, Maghreb and Spain were ruled by sons of Musa.
Q 192.How many prisoners were brought to Damascus?
Ans: Twenty Gothic kings from Spain. 30,000 in total of whom 400 were princes and
princesses of the royal blood.
a. Son of Kusaila.
b. Sons of the High Priestess.
c. Twenty Gothic kings.
d. Virgins from princely families.
Q 193.Who was the most prized captive?
Ans: The Gothic prince of Cordoba was the most prized captive in Muslim hands.
Q 194.Why Caliph Alwaleed stopped Musa of further campaigns?
Ans: Due following reasons:
a. Musa plans of invasion of Franks land and march across Europe to Syria.
b. Dismissal of Tariq Bin Ziyad by Musa.
c. Caliph Influenced by Mughees (old friend).
JUDGEMENT AT DAMASCUS
Q 195.Who reached Damascus before Musa?
Ans: Tariq and Mughees got to Damascus ahead of Musa. . Mughees was a childhood
friend and trusted companion.
Q 196.How Mughees described Musa campaign of Musa in spain?
Ans:
a. Narrated the story of prince of Cordoba got killed by Musa.
b. Accused Musa of embezzlement.
c. Musa Loved wealth and worldly affairs.
Q 197.What Sulaiman wanted to delay arrival of Musa from Spain?
Ans: Musa brought a huge spoils for state with many highly POWs. Sulaiman’s brother
caliph Alwaleed was on death bed and Sulaiman to delay Musa arrival till death of his
brother to get all the wealth himself.
Q 198.Why Caliph Sulaiman punished Musa?
Ans: Because of following reasons:
a. For refusing to delay his arrival to Damascus.
b. For not sending the state share of spoil i.e the fifth of fifth.
c. Musa kept state share of spoil for himself.
Q 199.Musa was found guilty because of the table of Solomon.
Q 200.What punishment was awarded to Musa?
Ans:
a. To stand in burning sun in mid of day without water.
b. Dismissed from civil and military office.
c. Fine of 200 thousands dinars.
d. Kept under house arrest.
Q 201.Abdul Azeez son of Musa traits of leadership?

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Ans: He has done the following after departure of Musa and Tariq:
a. Brought together scattered bands of Muslims.
b. Creation of regiments and divisions.
c. Fortified the frontiers.
d. Streamlined command structure.
e. Organization of garrisons.
Q 202.Romans in Musa eyes?
Ans: Musa described them as under :
a. Lions in their castles.
b. Eagles on horseback.
c. Women in their vessels.
d. Exploit opportunity.
e. Flee to the mountains in case of defeat.
f. Feel no shame of defeat.
Q 203.Berbers in Musa eyes?
Ans: The Berbers are Arabs in:
a. Fighting and horsemanship
b. Courage and perseverance.
c. They are the most treacherous of men.
d. Never keep a pledge.
Q 204.Spainiards in Musa eyes?
Ans: They are like lords living in luxury and ease. But as knights they do not hide their
faces from the enemy.
Q 205.Musa Traits?
Ans:
a. Political administrator.
b. A writer of prose and poetry.
c. He was a Tabi.
d. Best astrologist.

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Lt Cdr Rizwan Ullah Khattak P No 7294