\ULTAN [DRIs UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS Pehle ett pid NIVERSITI | DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY ENDIDIKAN | FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS LABORATORY REPORT SKO 3033 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2 EXPERIMENT TITLE 3 THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY NAME ID/ MATRIC NO. GENEIEVE CLAIRE JOHMEN 20181083157 LECTURER Profesor Madya Dr. Mohd Azlan bin Nafiah GROUP c ITEMS DATE 30/3/2021 Introduction LABORATORY | - Procedure / Methods Results / Worksheets Discussion Conclusion References Question / Answer (if any) Format TOTALExperament % TWHIn LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY 3.1 OBSective Upon completion of this experiment, shidents should be able to | Distinguish polar and non-polar solvents 2. Ferform analysis technique using thin layer chromatography, 3 Differentiate fhe retention factor, ty for differentcada compounds 4.2 INTRODUCTION Chromatography is used fo separate mintuees of substances info their components. Al forms of chromatography twerk on the gqme principle. They all have a Stationary phase Ca solid, or a Wquid Swpported on q solid). ond a mobile thase Ga liquid o 9 ops). The prible phase flows Though the sfotionary phase and! carries fhe components of the mixture with 14. Offerend Components trave/ gt ahtleren rates. Thin layer chromatography is done exactly as 1! says using & th, tigtorm Bayer cf sili eli or aluming coated onto ¢ piece of ghss, metal or rigid plache. Silica gel Cor the alumina) fs. the stotionary phase. The stationary phase for thin layer Chromatography also often contains a substance cuhich flroresces. tn UV tight —ferreasons The mobile phase 1s a suitable guid cokund op mint of Solents. Tha retention factor , Rp, tt define as the distance travelled by the compound divided by she distance travelled by the solvent Nistance travelled by the compound & <« &@ Re Distance rraveled by the cohen ~ 5 Chemicals Acetone Chloroform o Mitroaniline p-Mtreanhne Untrown Sample TLC Silica gel Frey Muminium sheet 20%20 emApparatus Forcep UV lamp ALC Spotler TLC Glass Container Fut Plate Cutter 8.3 PRocepuRE 1. The origin (O-S cm from the bottom) wassaeei and Solvent front line (0-3cm from fhe top) of The TLC pate (3xSem) was drew using pencil a. All the free samples was placed using TLC spotter on the THC plate on the origin ine wilh correct labelling %. The sample was allowed 4o dry and the TL plate wos placed into 4he TLE container containing chloroform (5 ml) 4. The plate was removed from the container with Forceps after Hee sivent teach the Solvent foe front 5. Then was left to dry in a room emperature 6. The chromatogra was placed under UV lamp and Yhe Spots was marked using pencil 7. The Re value was calculated Sor each sample: 8. The result was recorded and discussedBA Resurts A BCD db eaiect fat By = Distone_movl by_set Detonce moved by save ‘ Bo fh Slantard : . & Madd Y Pvt Josigien © = Standard LY 1D = Uoknowe Lane. Substance Distance moved t R nal € spotted bby spot Crom) ‘oy solvent (1mm) 1 a 7 1 2 | Xey aes | 54.0 Ws 0.36 | 074 e Unknown, ag.0 a 80-0 03s 5 3.5 Discussion By comparing results in anes. A and B we con see thot compound Y tas traveled futher han compound X.When comparing fone C with lanes A and B we can conclide that the lover spot 8 X and the thigher Spot is ¥-This is called sndening the references. We are able 40 compare the unknown in lane 0 with this standlards or references rn lane C. This allows us 40 identify the unknown. Although fis clear from the experimental result Had He unknown uns ackeally compound’ X We can a's characterire Spots 07 developed TLC plates by their kp value- the te value for any got & equal fo the ditfonce moved by Jhat spot ve myhimeters livided by He distance moved by the solveat Using the developed plate a5 an example and assuming that Rp valves for the pots , | and 2, ia Jane C hove already been determined we obtain the Rp for He single spot in lane D.Thee distance moved by the got from the origin 4o Hs center is 28.0mm and the alstance Nic: gohler! Giaons det opie: neg The spot fas Me teed Your $0.0 mm.The Re for the spol & Aus catufoled to be O88 The Rp of 0.38 for the cingle spot in Lane D- compares farm favorably to th & of shndard X im lane C. We could confirm that the unknown was facd compound X.The closer the Re valve of an unknown /s 40 the Rp value of a standard the grealr Ihe chance that the unknown iS the same as can moved byVee standard. This is what allows us fo identify untrowns pith Hose oF stendeede in mixtures, by comparing Re values of the unknowns with Yhose of standards Errors in this experiment includes measwement uncertainties and inconsistencies ia the TLC plate 4.6 Concwstons As conclusion, Ye we can distinguish polar solvent im Ys engeionent i slandar d Y because it has larger Ry value while non-polar solvent is clundard x because of lower Ry yatue- We had performed analysis fechnrgue using hin layer chromatography which resu/t in obfferent Rp for different compound where standard X is non-polar cohen? with high Re value Lastly, the unknowa compound 1s X as they have the Minimal aii ference in Rp value. Question 1. Discuss the identification OF unknown compound from their gistingurshed & values = The unknown compound based of on the experimental result has near Sranlar values of Rp for compound X-the closer fhe Rp value of an unknown is fo the Rp value of 0 Standard Jhe greater the chance that fhe unknown ts the same as “he Standard. References . Abdge «I rubmab. online hbrory . wiley-com (dot /4ull/ 10.1002 f bk 2008. 4 44084 010% 2. hMps : Mawos chemgurde. co.uk Zonalysrs [chromatography /thinlayer. html %. hios» Mink. springer. conn Preference workentry Z 10.1007 a¢ 978 -1-400-L194-9. (4568