Bronchodilaters that are used in treatment of asthma

The drug mechanism of action Side effect Note

2- adrenoceptor agonist - Causes bronchial Temper palpitation Administration:

(e.g salbutamol, salmeterol
Muscarinic antagonists
Xanthine
( caffeine, theophylline)
smooth muscle hypokalemia - inhaled as powder
relaxation by - rarely given orally
increasing cAMP N.B.  blocker can precipitate asthma
- inhibit mediator
release from mast
cell
- may cause
mucocilliary
clearance
Inhibition of the Few Administration:
release os - given by inhalation
acetylcholine at M1
M2 and M3
muscarinic receptors
Relax bronchial NARROW therapeutic Administration:
smooth muscle by range - oral
inhibiting - nausea/ anorexia - (Aminophylline) IV
phosphodiesterase - arrhythmias metabolised in liver
resulting in icreasing - nervousness NB drug intraction
cAMP

Anti inflammatory drugs used for treatment of asthma:

CORTICOSTEROID 1- Inhibit Inhaled: Adminstration:
transcription - dysphonia - Inhaled ..(e.g beclomethasone)
of COX 2 and important systemic - oral … (prednisolone)
inflammatory side effect: - IV (HYDROCORTISONE)
cytokines. - osteoprosis
2- reduced - adrenal
synthesis of suppression
prostaglandins - fluid retention
and
leukotrienes
Cromones 1- mast cell Cough and wheeze Administration :
(sodium cromoglycate and stabilisation post administration Inhaled
nedocromil ) 2- inhibition
of sensory C
fibre neurons
3- inhibition
of eosinophil
accumilation
in lungs
4- reduced
IgE
production
Lanti-eukotrienes Inhibition of 5 Gastrointestinal upset
lipoxygenase headache
Receptor
antagonist