FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF AYURVEDA by Lae Prater: Dwarsanath The Pandamental nips of Aydin of te eile works Pot. Dwarsianih given ‘ote medic! Tera. Kaowledge othe Thais pncips of Puotcha Vides and Dora = Dh - Mala Vina i ‘tet andecstndAyareds in det apd atin perfection nt Stem meal cece Th iva tl otegiet in Ayurede. us piscpe ot hie concept erika Dacia) the Nar! aces i he sae cst by “Pex K ‘Ths proper maereeg of ts bss coer emai to ear Rye {nro © Dunesnnh bar expliedt ope eld See (hs sym of Neral pilnopbien, This satin ike origin ofthe ‘ive eveeon, on oil, peromens afi ross on ng ii sea hb a Das ce sue Des dae fadaetlconsys rena to trtane Ayre Intl “the tbjet ter in Ayurveds i ciyptalyexpisined In Sanat Iongnte Toy ary poeple para owlndane origet) d nt {eter Ayurveda and seve bumanty though his ance Indan medial ‘Sevan, Prof ¢- Dearatnuth fas expel the abject wi compe Tl bor veya teats of Ryares, aches, pein CHOWGANBA SANSKRIT ‘STUDIES VOU.XCIV juga (TEXT WITH ENGLISH TRANSLATION & CRITICAL. EXPOSITION BASED ON oe (CAKRAPANEDATTA'S AYURVEDA DiPIKA} he VLIHINVS VYVaVO _R.K. SHARMA VOL. Il ®" BHAGWAN DASH CCHOWKHAMBA SANSKRIT SERIES OFFICE VARANASI (nia) Hisva NyMovEG75 CHOWKHAMBA SANSKRIT STUDIES VOL. XCIV: AGNIVESA’S S CARAKA SAMHITA Text with English Translation & Critical Exposition Based on |", (CAKRAPANI DATTA’S AYURVEDA DIPIKA) By Dr. ‘Ram Karan Sharma cellor, University Darbhange-Bihar And Vaidya Bhagwan Dash Deputy Adviser in Ayurveda Ministry of Health & Family Planning. ‘New Delhi VOLUME II (Nidanasthina-Indriyasthn) CHOWKHAMBA SANSKRIT SERIES OFFICE Varanasi (INDIA)Publisher : Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office, Varanasi-1 Printer: Chowkhamba Press, Varanasi: Edition Sixth, 2000 ISBN : 81-7080-013-7 A rights reserved. No reproduction of translation of tis book or part thereat in any form, shoul be made. Neither it may be sored in a ratival system or ransmite by any means electronic, mecharical, photocopying, ‘coring or otherwise, without the witien permission ofthe pubisher. © Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office Publishers and Oriental & Foreign Book-Sellers K. 37/99, Gopal Mandir Lane Near Golghar (Maidagin) P.BOX 1008, VARANASI-221001 (India) Phone : Office : 333458, Resi. : 334032 & 335020 Also can be had from KRISHNADAS ACADEMY Oriental Publishers & Distributors Post Bok No. 1118, K 37/118, Gopal Mandir Lane, ‘Varanasi-221001 (India) Phone : 335020 CONTENTS: NIDANASTHANA CHAPTER I Introduction Caunative Factors— ‘Theit Syoonyms and Classification Synonyms of Disease Meats of Diagnosing a Disease HNidana or Causative Factor Parvaripa or Premonitory Symptoms Liga oF Sigas and Syraptoms Upataya or Exploratory Therapy Sanprapti or Pathogenesis Causative Factors of Fever in General Vatika Type of Fever Peittika Type of Fever Sigmita Type of Fever Deandoaje or Sérnipatiba Fever Exogenous Fever Premonitory Symptoms of Fever ‘Mythology About Origin of Fever Line of Treatment 7 / Use of Ghee in Chronic Fever ed for Repetition of Statements "y CHAPTER If DIAGNOSIS OF FEVER ( Foara Widana ) DIAGNOSIS OF RAKT PITT A—A CONDITION <= CHARACTERISED BY BLEEDING FROM VARIOUS PARTS OF THE BODY ( Rattapitta Nidina ) Verse) Paragraph Page ‘Number Number 12 3 a4 3 3 5 6 6 7 6 8 7 9 @ 10 9 recy u 17 7 19-21 18 224 2 25-27 2B 28-29 4 30-31 6 33 2B 35 29 36 30 37-40 a a 33 aed 33, 2 a4 a4 34 5 36 6 36 2 cy] 9 37 nts 38 15-21 39. 21-27 4a 26.29 a 5CH) CHAPTER IIT DIAGNOSIS OF GULMA OR PHANTOM TUMOUR: ( Gulne Nidéne ) Verte] Paragraph | Page Number Number Introduction 8 Varieties 348 Bhiology of Vata Gulma 6 4 Pathogenesis, Signs and Symptoms of Vétike Gulma 7 6 Etiology, Signs and Symptoms of Paittite Gulma a9 48 Biology, Signs and Symptoms of Kaphe Gulma wo 47 Stmipatita Guima R49 Ralte Gulma it 49 Premonitory Symptoms of Raita Culme 8.52 Principles of Treatment Wet? 51 Summary Ielssacge CHAPTER IV DIAGNOSIS OF PRAMEHA OR OBSTINATE URINARY DISORDERS INCLUDING DIABETES MELLITUS (Pramdia Widana ) Introduetion 12 8 ties s 8 Etiology in General 88 Etiology of Kaphaje Pransha B70 Pathogenesis of Kaphaje Pramche 388 Signs and Symptoms of Kaphaja Prancke a” Bliclogy of Pttaje Praneha 60 Sigas and Symptoms of Pilla Prameha 61 Etiology of Vataja Prancka 62 ‘Signs and Symptoms of Vataje Pramcha 6 Premonitory Symptoms of Prancha 65 Complications and Line of Treatment 65 Summary 66 CHAPTER V DIAGNOSIS OF KUSTHA OR OBSTINATE SKIN DISEASES INCLUDING LEPROSY ( iyjthe-Nidane ) Introduction 12 7 Causative Factors of Kurtha 3 67 Classification of Katha 1568 Etiology in Brief 6 70 Premonitory Signs and Symptoms ees Signs and Symptoms 8 72 Prognosis 9 7 ‘Complications 1375 Summary - 6 6 ¢ i) CHAPTER VI DIAGNOSIS OF CONSUMPTION ( Sora Nidine ) Verse] Paragraph Page Number Number Introduction 2077 Etiology sO Premonitory Signs and Symptoms 1 Of ‘Signs and Symptoms 4 8% Prognosis 161686 Attributes of a Royal Physician 7 8 : CHAPTER VII DIAGNOSIS OF INSANITY ( Usndda Nidéna ) ¥ tnkéoduction 12 at ') Clasificaton 34 a8 Definition $8 ‘Premonitory Signs and Symptoms 6 8 ‘Signs and Symptoms 7 90 Line of Treatment 29 Exogenous Type of Insanit 1016 8 eh eae rer «Need for Observance of Wholesome Regimens 223 98 Suminary. * 98 CHAPTER VUL ‘DIAGNOSIS OF EPILEPSY ( Apasmira Nidéna ) er) 3 9 4 99 5 100 ‘Premonltory Signs and Symptoras 6 100 'Sigas and Symptoms 8 Io nous Type 9 103 ‘Line of Treatment 3003 “Mythology About Origin of Disease and Prognosis ue 103 Diseases as Causative Factors of Other Diseases 16-22 105 Definition of Correct Therapy 23107 Etiology of Diseases 4-26 107 ‘Symptoms and Diseases 729 a7 ‘Therapy and Diseasés 30-32 108 Definition of Stdhya, Yépya and Astdhya 3393108 Examination ofthe State of Diseases 36-39 109 Symptoms and Diseases, 40 0 Summary Rak UTad wed VIMANASTHANA CHAPTER T SPECIFIC ATTRIBUTES OF RASA OR TASTES (Rata Viméne) Verse} Paragraph Page ‘Number, Number Introduction 12). 2 Measurement of Rasas 3.0 M2 ‘Rasas and their Bfects 45, us Dojas and their Effects 3 ua Rasas andl Doyas—Theit Relationship ei” us Specific Attributes of Rares Bee ‘Three things not to be used in Excess 199 ‘Satya or Wholesomeness 2 We ight Factors Determining the Utility of Food as Rie: for Taking Food - 426 Summary - - 22813 CHAPTER It SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS OF STOMACH GAPAGITY ( Trividhakukiya Vimdna ) Introduction 12 Division of Stomach Capueity Into Thrce Parts 3 Signs of Intake in Proper and Improper Quantity 87 ‘Vitiation of Ame 8.9 ‘Two Types of Ama doce 10 Vista n Alasaca 2 ‘Management of Amadosa 13.14 Anasaya and Tis Functions 15.18 Summary 19 CHAPTER III EPIDEMIOS ( Janapadodioasseniya Vimén Tatroduction 12 Collection of Drugs * Factors Responsible for Gasing Epidemics 54 “Management of Epidemic Di-eases 12-18 Causes of Pollution ete. 19-23 Attributes of Different Tages 4-27 Span of Life 28-36 ‘Timely and Untimely Death 37-38 ‘Need for Taking Hot Water by Patients Suffering from Fever sot Nourishing and Depletion ‘Therapies ae Patients Unsuitable for Elimination Therapy i Summary 6.32 "DISEASES (Crividha r Se ee ye Vina) Verse} je of Means of Examining Di cae 35 At Aspect of the Examination of Disa es 6 #8 be Examhied by Direct Observation 7 Fis be Bkamliéd by fnference 8 1314 CHAPTER Vv ELS OF CIRCULATION (Sroto Vina) : 12 fkbiielS of Girculation 26 Sigil of Vitation of Channels of Circulation 78 : ‘Synonyms of Srotas 9 : {Gabds ofvication of Srotes 10.28 MRE: Briel Signs of Srotodagti i texistic Features of Chanuels of Circulation 25 E ie Of Treatment 26-28 Ri 29-31 By : CHAPTER VI iba SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS OF DISEASES sf Ss (Ropinike Virine) E| “Tatreduction Le CMB: Cla sifcation of Diseases a4 j Vitiation of Physical and Psychie Doyas 8.10 and Secondary Dieascs u * Foun Types of Aen’ 8 ti or Physical Constitution 1348 utes of Royal Physician 19 20-22 CHAPTER VIE SPECIFIC CHARAGLERIS IGS OF PATIENTS “ (W pidhteripiga Vista) EERE S a a ‘TiorT ypes of Diseases 3 (Sed for Careful Examination 47 Unis or Parasites 8-13 HE orreement of Parasites 4-30 “Simmary / 31-32 Paragraph Page ‘Number Number ig 161 163 164 166 170 wa vt 4 17 m7 480 180 180 181 103 183 185. 188 189 190 196 196Cw) CHAPTER VII SPEQIFIC REQUIREMENTS OF TREATMENT ‘Rogabhizagjtiza Vimdna) : Verse] Paragraph Page : : Number Number Introduction 2 US Selection of Medical Texts 3 BS Selection of Teacher 4 26 Duties of Medical Students 5 BT ‘Three Methods for Obtaining Knowledge 6 27 ‘Method of Learning 7 BD Method of Teaching 8 ae Initiation of a Medical Student ou 29 ‘Academie Debates 16 225 Procedure for Friendly Debate 7 U6 Procedure to be adopted for Hostile Debate wis 27 ‘Two Types of Assembly 2 be Debate with an Opponent of {nferior or Equal Knowledge -- "a2 xe Logical Terms for Debaters ; 27-66 219 Guide lines for a Medical Debate anes] Important Topics to be Known by Physicians 78250 Need for Thorough Examination before Treatment 79 (252 Query about Pateakarme woe ‘A Bewildering Reply BBS Situations for Giving Correct Answer 2258 ‘Three Methods of Examination 83 25y ‘Ten Important Topics for Examination ose Examination of Physician us Examination of Drug 256 Examination of Diseases we 288 Cure of Disease wy 250 Signs of Normaley wo. 289 Sigor of L or” 259 9293259 3 260 Prakrti ot Physical Constitution 95-100 262 Examination of Various Factors in a Disease tol 267, ofSéra W215 267 Sambanana of Compactacss of Body NG zt Prandpa or Measurement ur bt Stiga na 278 Sattoe uo 2s Capacity for Taking Food 1200 Br? ‘Capacity for Exercise mB Verte] Paragraph Page Number Number ime 277 125.197 * 279 129284 13028 192.134 265 135205" 136249 197-138-292 139292 wo 296 wi 297 “2 28 ing Bitter Taste 43-300 cs Astringent Taste Mt 302 destion of Dregs Ma 305 rigs for Anuadsana Type of Enema 190 $06 rugs for Erchine ‘Lherapy 131 307 : 152-157 309 SARURA STHANA CHAPTER T EMPIRICAL SOUL ( Koidhtpuruetya Stra) Introduction 12 3H Agniveta's Query about Sou! B15 SI Different Concepts of Purnya Ww? 34 Mind and Ts Atwibutes iiss Objects of Mind roa 315 Process of Perception 2.23 316 ‘Compéiition of Sense Organs ma 87 Motor Organs and Their Funetions 396 317 ‘Attributes of Five Makdbhites 231 318 Pereeptive Facul 3234 319 Panne a3 Co-Ordlasine 35:36 320 Knowledge of Perera 37-382 Purusa a4 8 Causative Factor 3951 $21 Proof of Existence of Soul 32524 Parantinan and Ravi Puruya 3s Process of Perception 487 a8 Manifestations of Empirical Soul 38 326 Absolute Soul and Empirical Sout 59.62 926 Twentyfour Elements eee 27 Ryetra and Kyetrajta 6% 97 76cm) Process of Creation Process of Dissolution Proofs for the Existence of Absolute Soul ~ ‘Mind and Soul ‘Transmigration Freedom of Action of Soul Omniprescence of Sout Deginningless of Soul Soul as Witness Sensation and Soul ‘Treatment of Diseases of Past, Present and Future Desires and Misevies ‘Causes of Miteries Impairement of Intellect Impairement of Patience Impairement of memory Intellectual Blashphemy ‘Temporal Diseases Aton of Pau Life and Dieses : Wholesome Contacts with Senses Aindriyaka Diseases . Factors Reponbl for Haine and Miss Tega and Mokya What is Yoga ? Bight Supernatural Powers of Yogin Salvation Summary CHAPTER IT EMBRYOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT ( Atulyigoriya Sarira ) Introduction Semen Embryo Factors Responsible for Easy Delivery Determination of Sex and Number of Foetus ‘Conception Abnormality in Foetus ‘Transmigration of Soul Causation and Alleviation of Diseases Daiva and Purugckara Prevention of Seasonal Diseases Freedom from Diseases Summary Verse) Paragraph Page ‘Number Number 66-67 528 67-69 © 328 70.74 529 78-76 330, 7 gat 78-79 331 80-81 392 ez 933 83393 84-85 589 86-93 334 94.97 335 98° 336 9 336 100337 tol 337 102-109-337 10-15 338 Ne-117 (340 Ma12734r 128-131-348 132-136 544 137 B45 138-189 346 Most 346 M2155 346, 6350 v2 34 5 6-10 2 22-27 28-30 31-38 39-43 “4 45 46.47 48 331 351 352 353 359 359 362 364 364 365 Cie) CHAPTER IIT FORMATION OF EMBRYO ( Khujtita Gerbhdookranti Sértra) Verse) Paragraph Page Number Number sntroduetion 12 366 Factors Responsible for Procreation 35366 ‘Factors derived from Mother 6 a0 Factors derived from Father 7 a Aiman 28 Source 8 572 Guiding Factors 9 9 Factors derived from Atman 10 ‘975 Factors derived from Saimye na Factors derived fiom Rava 2 377 Factors derived from Seta 3 377 Embryo—a Conglomeration of Several Factors is 379 Hereditary Abnormalities 7 ges Soul and Sense Organs 18-20 384 Examination of Facta 20-25 365 Summary 2627 a6 CHAPTER IV TOKMATION OF EMBRYO ( Mahal! Gerbhivatrémti Sarira) Introduction 12 987 Topics of the Chapter 3 Composition of Foetus 4 987 Definition of Garbha 5-6 588 Process of Conception 7 39 Union of Ainan 8 389 Development of Foetus—Month-wise 926 39 Growth of the Foetus a 40l Causes for Non-conception, Delay in Delivery and Death 7-29 sor Deformity in Child 30-33 402 Deyas of Body and. Mind 4 405 ‘Types of Body and Mind BA 106 Summary 24542 CHAPTER V INDIVIDUAL AND UNIVERSE. Paravercaye Série Introduction 12 44 IndividualAn Epitome of Universe 3-7 ag Miseries and Happiness of the Individual 8 WT ‘Atachment and Detachment 810 48 ‘Means to Attain Salvation Nm 421 ‘Summary eh 424«*) CHAPTER VI CONSTITUTION OF PHYSIQUE ( Sariravicaye Sartra) Verve) Paragraph Page Number Number Introduction 12° 46 Detailed Knowledge of the Body 3 8 Composition of Body - 4 6 Maintevance of Equilibrium of Didtus so 48 Food and Dhatus 9 48 Attributes of Dhtur wo- 432 Factors Responsible for Growth of Body ee Promotion of Strength 13. 436 ‘Transformation of food wis 437 ‘Two Categories of Atributes 7 438 tiation of Degas io 439 Query about Foetus 2 4a First Organ ofthe Foctus a Position ofthe Foetus R48 “Thirst and Hunger of Foctus 3 443 Process of Delivery mM 4d Proper Growth of Foetus 30. | 4 Diseates Caused by Divine Displeasure = * an) 4s ‘Timely and Untimely Death m8 HE Summary sist #18 CHAPTER VIT ENUMERATION OF ORGANS ( Sarirasavithyé Série) Introduction 2 40 Query About Organs of Body 3 40 Six Layers of Skin 4 450 Parts of Body 5 42 Bones 6 48 ‘Sensasory and Motor Organs 18 454 Retort of Life 9 4s Visceras wo 454 Pratyeigas or Sub-parts of Body no 455 Major Oriices eis 456 Other Organs 156 Measurement of Liquid Constituents of Body iB 457 ‘Mahibheulike Composition of various Constituents ww 459 Tnnumerability of Organs 7 461 Knowledge of Organs and Salvation 1B 461 Summary 19-20 462 cay) CHAPTER VIII METHOD OF PROGREATION ( Jatistriye Sérre) Introduction Method of Procreating Excellent Progeny Preparatory Measures Cohabitation Regimens for a son of Excellent Quality Complexion of Progeny ‘Mental Faculty of Progeny Purification of the body Sexual characteristics of Progeny Pusisavona ‘Measures for Maintenance of Pregnancy Factors {njurious to Pregnancy Line of Treatment of Pregnant Woman ‘Abortion and Its Management Upevistaka and Nagodara ‘Treatment of ailments in the Eighth Month Foetal Death—Signs and Management ‘Regimens for a Pregnant Woman Construction of Maternity Home ‘Drugs to bé itored in Maternity Home ‘Admission to Maternity Home ‘Signs of Impending Delivery Labour Pain Delay in Delivery Duties of Attendants ‘Removal of Placenta ‘Management of New-born Baby Scparation of Umblical Cord Birth rites Protection of the new-born Management of Mother after Delivery Rites of Naming the Child Examination of the Span of Life of the Child Selection of Wet-nurse Excellence of Breasts Excellence of Breast-milk ‘Treatment of vitiated Breast-milk Promoters of Lactation Feeding the Child Nursery Verse! Paragraph Page Number Number 12 463 3 463 4. 463 5b 464 om 466 13460 1% 470 nowt 471 io 47d 2m 473 a 2 #7 3.2 478 256-28 481 29 483 w-31 484 R485 33409 “490 3 491 3492 7 498 3839498 4 495 4 496 243497 445 498 46 500 47500 40.49 502 30 508 31 50¢ 2 508 33 (508 453509 56510 7 SIL 8 5 9 52i) : Verse Page eae Nomber Number et 0-61 513 Talisman ae pee ea Ghild should not be tightened eettieny Management of Pediat fe Diseases 66 514 Summary Oeeraas INDRIYASTHANA CHAPTER T ‘CHANGES IN COMPLEXION AND VOICE INDICATING IMMINENT DEATH (Varga svariya Indriya) Introduction re o5I7 ‘Factors to be examined to Determine the Residual Span of Life, 3 57 Method of Examination 4 519 ‘Various Types of Prakrii 5 8:0 Vitti (Unnatural Disposition) 67 520 Normal and Abnormal Complexion B13 522 ‘Normal and Abnormal Voice 16 524 Summary 7-26 526 CHAPTER IT CHANGES IN ODOUR INDICATING IMMINENT DEATH ( Puspttaka Indriza ) Introduction 12 57 Morbid Odour 37 57 Characteristic smell of Moribund Persons B17 529. Morbid Tastes Indicating Immir.ent Death 2531 Summary 3 532 CHAPTER 11 TACTICLE CHANGES INDICATING IMMINENT DEATH ( Parimarfontya Indriya ) Introduction 1-3 588 Examination of Moribund Persons by Touch 4 533 Details of Examination 56 584 ‘Summary 7 337 CHAPTER IV CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF SENSE ORGANS INDICATING IMMINENT DEATH ( Iadriydnike Indrye) Introduction 16588 Vision Indicating Imminent Desth T8589 Anditlon Indicating Imminent Death wero HT ( aiit ) Verse) Paragraph Page Number Number Smell Tndicating Imminent Death a SH ‘Taste Indicating Iunizent Death BME Sock Tndcting Fninent Death Sou aatry Perception Indicating Imminent Deh 24.26 542 Summary 7 58 cuarrer v PREMONITORY SYMPTOMS OF DISEASES INDICATING IMMINENT DEATH ( Pareerapize Inriza : 1-2 ‘544 ee ‘Symptoms Indicating Imminent Death 3.16 544 Dieam 03 Manifestation of Dreams sea 550 Classification of Dreams 43-46 551 Summary 7 552 = CHAPTER VI PHYSICAL FEATURES OF PATIENTS INDICATING IMMINENT DEATH ( Kalandni SerirtyeIndrya) Introduction 12 $53 Physical Features Indicating Imminent Death Sains 5 Summary (CHAPTER VII CONDITIONS OF PUPIL INDICATING IMMINENT DEATH ( Pannerdptya Indriye ) Introduction 12550 Shadow Image in Pupil 39558 ‘Mehabhates and Shadow wos 559 Various Types of Lustre 15560 Shadow vis a vis Lustre 16-17 560 ‘Signs of Imminent Death esl 56E ‘Summary 32 568 CHAPTER VIIE INVERTED SHADOW INDICATING IMMINENT DEATH (Anak Sinarza Indrize Introduction 12 564 Sigas of Imminent Death 326 Sat Summary a7 568 . CHAPTER 1X GOLORATION OF BYES INDICATING IMMINENT DEATH (arya Sylva Nimilttya Indriya) Introduction 12 Signs of Tmminent Death a2 Summary 23.24«xiv ) CHAPTER X SIGNS INDICATIVE OF IMPENDING SUDDEN DEATH ( Sadyo Maroniya Indriye ) Ve se] Paragraph Page Number Number Introduction 12 54 Premonitory Sigas Indicative of Sudden Death 320 74 Summary a 576 CHAPTER XI DIMINUTION OF BODILY HEAT INDICATING IMMINENT DEATH (dau jpottye Indriya ) Introduction 2 577 ‘Sign of Imminent Death 328 77 Summary 29581 CHAPTER X11 APPEARANCE OF A SUBSTANCE RESEMBLING COWDUNG. POWDER INDICATING IMMINENT DEATH (Gomaya Carniya Idrive) Tatroduction 12 5a Signs of Imminent Death 8 58 (Characteristic Features of Memenger Indicating Tmminent Death 925 ee Incidents in Physician's Way to Patient's House ~ st Indicating Imminent Death - 57 Incidents While Entering Patient's House Indicating Imminent Death sae Need and Scope of Repetition 4042589 ‘Signs of Impending Death 43-61 (589 Information on Impending Death to be Kept Secret. 62Et 992 Menangers Indicating Good Prognosis sm 583 Incidents on the Way and While Entering Patient's - House Indicating Good Prognotis 71-80 (594 ‘Signs of Good Prognosis 80-88 595 Summary 89-90 ‘597 = GARAKA-SANHITA NIDANASTHANAM bCHAPTER I maniiseara: wreath seed SaPETTETTA: Mt 8 Weg Bre aTaTTTT: TH We shall now expound the chapter on the “Diagnosis of Frara ( fever ).[ 1] ‘Thus said Lord Atreya. [2] Ta the preceding section, etiology and symptomatology of have been brifly explained. It is now proposed to describe them in greater detail in the presemt section, for, the treatment of diseases is effective only when their etiology and symptomatology are ascertained in advance, ‘This section deals gnosis of diseases. The line of treatment ‘of diseases is indicated here briefly. That too is in fact included under upasaya ( exploratory therapy ). Moreover, the etiological and symptomatological studies are intended to guide the line of treatment and a8 such the line of teatmest is also shown here. ‘Trara ( fever ) occupies the frst place among the physical silments— cf. Chita 3:4. So it is being described here first. It is true that in Chapter 8: 11, it has been stated that gulna( abdominal tumour ) origi- nated in times of yore (pura). But this statement is not intended to show that gulma originated even prior to the manifestation of jrara, It is stated elsewhere that in the course of the disturbance of the yajha (ancrifice ) being performed by Daksa the living beings being afflicted ‘with vara ran to and fro in all directions and so they where attacked by gulma, ‘The term nidana relates both to etiology as well as diagnosis of diseases. The etiology helps in ascertaining the causative factors of a disease whereas diagnosis helps in the determination of the nature of the disease based on causative factors, promonitory signs, actual signs, explo- ratory therapy and pathogenesis. Synonyms of causative factor and its categories : Xe BY Raffa Gat eri Nea AArUT fraTafireaeTet- sree aftea—orereararedetat, serrent:, oftoreae 8 In the present context, fetu, nimitta, dyotana, kertr, kirapa, fpretyaya and samuthina are synonyms of niddna (causative factor). Causative factors are of the following three categoriesEventhough eich of these synonymous words has different other meanings, Stil all of them are. indicative of disease in its various aspects. The ‘word ‘ryadh’ indicates that diseases aro associated with various types of pain. ‘The word ‘dnaya’ jodicates that ‘ama’ is invariable present in the pathogenesis of diseases, Aaika Indicates that an individual suffering from diseases leads a miserable life, Yakgma indicates that like. yakymaroga ‘tuberculosis ) diseases are symptom complexes are associated with many Prdvtatseatrat q eufenles qegehahe Earl's Frearren: 8 Sainaipatika vype of guma is caused by the etiological factors responsible for the vitiation of all the three dosas and it shares the symptoms of all the three types of gulma, viz. odtika, paittika and Jlaismika, This type of gulma is incurable because of the mutual contradiction involved in ils treatment. { 12 ] ‘The strimipatika type of gulma is incurable inasmuch as there is a sort‘of mutual contradiction involved in its treatment, The contradic- «tion in treatment is because of the abnormal heterogenous combination Of the thees dogas (wtkelvisamasarinipata ). In cases, where there is no abnormal heterogenous combination of dosas as in a type of sarinlpata vara the disease may not be taken as incurable, Raktagulma : ditreaeneg ag feat aa walt a gare, misterarnnta- ear | TeMMATEATTTAN SATE Amegdintguaraee wrest erscafercafraseanseaftreaarearat at at eTAMRTTOTATTR a aR erage . erat gteatadate | cea aaerandtarccadteentraranrg eSATA, KITT eae, altgal: BA areata seedy, ard eahergt:, Feet, Co, TT, TT gu urgd, teeny Gaceat, demancrean, aft = dea dhl veqereraanrara, Sasa gen: PUites ca eee, THT AAT obfirerpisn uae 0 ‘The guia due to the vitiation of blood occurs not in males. . bbut in females because of their characteristic feature to pass menstrual blood through the uterus. Vata in them gets imme diately aggravated because of the following 1. suppression of natural urges due to their subordinate posi- tion in the family, ignorance and disposition to the service of others; instant abortion; or intake of vata aggravating things immediately after delivery or during menstrual period. ‘The aggravated odta enters into the cervix of the uterias and obstructs the menstrual blood. Such obstruction of the meng TN gy50 ‘GARAKA-SAMIIITA ton trual-blood-flow goes on every month and as a result of this there is distension of the lower abdomen. There is colic. pain, cough, diarthoea, vomiting, anorexia, indigestion, malaise, excessive sleep, laziness, timidity and excessive salivation; There is the appearance of milk in breasts, dark colour of lips and breasts, excessive strain on eyes, fainting, nausea, longings for specific objects, swelling in feet, appearance of small hairs in small quantity, dilatation of the vaginal orifice and foul smelling discharge from the uterus. ‘There is pulsation in the entire mass of gulma which is round is shape. The Ignorant considers such a patient as a case of pregnancy even though there is actually no pregnancy. [ 13-14] “The type of gulma described sbove exclusively occurs in females due to the obstruction to their mensteual flow, Jn males, where there is ‘no question of menstrual-blood-flow being obstructed, gulma of this type also occurs due to the viiation of Blood-f. Cikitsa 5:27. Its with this view that gulma is included under the diseases due to the vitiation of blood-ef, Sutra 24 : 12. Mill appears in the breasts of such patients because of the obstruc- tion to the menstruat ow which i a specific characteristic feature of this disease. It should not be construed that the appearance of milk in the breasts is a siga of pregnancy, Similarly, the longings for specific objects of the woman are not in any way connected with such sign ‘ippeating during pregnancy. In a pregnant woman the heatt of the foetus is linked up with the mother's heart through the channels carrying 01a und the longings of the foctus, when it becomes conscious, manifert themselves in'the form of the lon, of the mother ( dauhpda )-Cf, Sarira 415. Ta rakiogulma which is. a morbid growth in the uterus, there is no consciousness, hence the question of the manifestation of the symptoms of dauhyda docs not arite. As some people, even without a bite by snake get the symptoms of poisoning due to snake venom purely because of the appreher of such a bite (Saikavis a patient of roktogulina devclops longings for specific objects like a pregnant woman. ‘In raktogulma, thee is pulsation in te entire mass of growth where ‘as in pregnancy only a part of it pulsates. This is the characteristic feature for differential diagnosis between a pregnant woman and a lady suffering from raktagulma, Many signs and symptoms of normal pregnancy are also manifested fn a patient sufering from raktagubna-cf. Ciktsa $+ 19 bus there it to symptom of abnormal pregnancy like those of nlgodare, supta etc, Raktagulma is described to be treated after ten months. This is due to the specific nature of the disease and not with view to exclude the ‘possibility of pregnancy. Pregnancy itself can be excluded from rakta- my 5 NIDANASTHANA’ Bi sulma by the characteristic features of the potsaton in the In pregnancy, only a part of the growth pulsates where there is pulsation inthe entice mass, Further, pregnancy due to some abnormality may continue even after the tenth month-cf, Sarira 4225. Periodicity is scen in other. diseates also, for example, in roel, decoction, medicated ghee, milk and pirgation are prescribed tobe given si days after cfch in their progresive order. Premonitory symploms of Gulma : wat gag saat genrat a ATaR great aah; went: crs, wcterenferat, afkared, frets Tee, gems ager oder, aaqageaeat somata, ergarat at aT, MITA HA TOTR AAA MATTTATTT:, KT ween surged er, ted, afteren arerarathte, ‘The pre-monitory symptoms of all the five types of gulma are loss of desire to take food, anorexia, indigestion, irregularity inthe power of digestion, incomplete digestion of food, vomiting, eructation during the process of digestion without any specific cause, non-manifestation of the urges for flatus, urination and defecation, even if such urges are manifested there is no excre- tion or excretion only in small quantity, colic pain due to ndta, meteotism, intestinal gurgling, horripilation, misperistalsis, loss of appetite, weakness and intolerance to heavy food. { 15 ] Principles of treatment: RSs " afrenered erat Atasta, cage gy caer co, TE waraqeafied qeaaqemaat, Tea wraterealateeeratirert | Sport acres cate teietar aa, Steen cream Gated wae fated waite; seosagtar TTT gemseartitg wed quand eta ware avediseaste Ma Pereg aetate 0 ka wale aT 1 afeaoratganPrenth ch fafragrafereat | aed arafeaseagetd dteweraht wi Brerare i to Vitiated ota is an invariable causative factor for all the types of guia, Of them, the sdinnipatika type caused by the vitiation of all dosas should not be treated: as it is incurable. Gulma caused by only one of these three dosas should be treated