The grapheme has been described as the "smallest contrastive linguistic unit which may bring about a

change of meaning"

A phoneme is a unit of sound used by a language speaking community. Phonemesinclude all the distinct
units of sounds used by the speakers of a language. They include vowels and consonants

A syllable is a cluster of sounds with at least one vowel.

Morpheme is a meaningful morphological unit of a language that cannot be further divided

(e.g. in, come, -ing, forming incoming).
 Figure 1: Morphemes

Clause is a unit of grammatical organization next below the sentence in rank and in traditional grammar
said to consist of a subject and predicate.
Phrase
A small group of words standing together as a conceptual unit, typically forming a component of a
clause.
Phrase vs Clause
Predicate is the part of a sentence or clause containing a verb and stating something about the subject
(e.g. went home in John went home ).

Subject