Data and techniques for preliminary . . . Capital Cost Estimating Here is a compilation of costs for a large variety of plant equipment—from air coolers to weigh scales—and the introduction ofa “module” technique for making fast, accurate and consistent cost estimates. dle technique for preliminary m4 Duancht 26 1960/CHEMICAL ENGINEERING(One of tho real phases in the wary, concept siege of © provesrpint pivjed cceus “when an ‘rence ealtion must be ested ‘Often many oot le regenerated nd ate for proces alomativerbelore # god pico of the sconomle structure of = pret emerge Te is Imporant at st stage, Yo have cpl ont states tht ao as seeuate ae posable. Aa it ‘ko important tue consistant ecinating techies fo that altrmatver san be compared om the sane Best and compurtone oan le be mde etre rojas “Te information In ths Report neta atthe ‘vo objectives, Charts and tables sre rested for the capital cat of a peat variety of afer equipment emponents used im procs plist These dat are ‘ase on recent iformation ose rom equpnent veer, ‘Ako, a “nodule” technique it presented for ete sting the cost of an intaled it ce an tnt ‘let, This meted was developed based on feedbtck ‘ata from 42 proces plant projec, We hope that ase of the di and techniquee ‘epital cost estimating—Table 1 tented exe wil enable eagles to rapidly Samba a wide vey of relate accrae coe ‘stinates—tengatzing hat ther ae facta sed Ices woneptual workeand isplee tne Drfesionaeonsteney im esting tecadt, teemlnlogy and ort data potent, Module Concept “The spliation ofthe module concent to proves plant estimation shown i Table [All mfr cost laments are grovpod ito siz dtnct models, Bre ‘inet apd ene indict, a flows * Choniea! proces 1 folds handing 1 Ste development 1 dt ings. 1 Ofte fies 1 Project duets An estimating ode repent 2 group of cot elements having salar charcrsty td elton ‘hips Each module cin be inepted or combined ‘oth oter modules atthe nate andlor (MS) CHEMICAL ENGINEERING /IA®"- 24, 1569.eat vel, provided data ae is cxnistnt cost terms. Tach Gctoct edule conloy sich tenes eguipment ty erection labor, ley. wich are Aleveoped by oeing etinting tchniuet basod on fort dot presntod tht Report And once tl Inaeect cot ae etablshed, all direct cost can bo stoned o besome "bare medal ants” as shown In ‘Table 1, by wing th inde factor (coasted here sa const fr a parte poet). Tis permis femates to bo gully welghed what having to ajo ll the tee swe slemonte for oc ml Equipment Modules All chemical process modes er senile for colton of Seven primary cst laren *"Equpment fo est. 1 Dinos materi 1 Diet felt labor 1 Ditoot MAL. cot ‘lade ont 2 ste mode cost 1 Tosl odlecot And fourtan scanary cot elament the Bk mae terials divest cont Ping 5 Concrete 1 Stec 1 Elec, 1 nelton, ‘The instalation ext Material erection + Bquipeat satog And ihe Inet: 1 Reig nsursnon, tne, 1 Gontacion veto 1 Bnei * Contingenay* {onset fn"? ‘The primaty elements etalch key reltonships sod the dllaefemmewer of lhe estos secondary ‘Semen "l ta" the dtals when neceury at he ret develos Piping factors im the ivallatn modolor were Aeveloped fom an nab of sme 42 rele, pate: ‘humieal and chenial plats Each fcr ie based fon an eveluauoa of sample modules of each major fquipment itam-his “het” Incades associated roses pine. feng, tins, valves, contol vases (Gt above 2 in), oper ‘with sary piping us (Casing, te) under 2 i, el undenzund piping, Shia velitve pron widerrosed ping, yard sp {ng and supports (Ineling fol fel 8, se olin water, feed aed prodat nes, ta, and all ‘erst within the prcas battery mis), Most ‘the piping ie aot shown on process Aowabecs at it covered in monetary predtns. Tse fete ve een suceestflly od toast eoncoptal werk ‘nd generate “nana” cut estinates, OF couse, sds Theat ace onmlly nooasary to root indvoal SGaraceites a2 ¢ paul projet develops and ‘nove infaraton becomes ave "Ths © pacer equipment madale reposts tho eat of ifr Bese of prow equpment (sch 2: best exchange, presure vese, pump, compres, tao) together with daly for Bld mates, fk inbor, ad indrest nessazy to fas the equipment inva henical proces “cuit” The dole alae of ‘ich cost elmest ence odie) a parilar Ipodale i sine fom equipment fb. cast by sing Fete iehtonehipe etblsied fom feedback dats, ted Suormaiaed” for carbon roel (CS) snd dle agate. "Fhe factory a cto the estat secon (Pipe 118) adacet to each peoestequlpment cat have, entiation in ach care te by sulle ‘har agit, Dole Magid, “eo Upte2 soto Peeers “The te ps” hee apis to he tata dolar valbe of group of equipment, suchas all the x. ‘anges all the pepe ety In a proces cea If te plow of aqeipnant only I blog eonsdered, uso the dats for singule molads os presented in Table a Chemical Process Module A chemical proces mode # complain of nukigle proces euipmant nals tthe MBL eel Ged represents the dnet cst of proces cheut The cot incudes eyipment ogeter wih piplog fed nstromentatien, nor sts such as oder ators, supper (oot major sate), comets [nmdaone and subrvetares (oo pling), insu, and pint "Boots of the inteelatineipe of many vals within this module (ouch a oqupment lx alloy ‘alo Ibert aie dlr snags), i Sela te isanble a standard or “norm” proces efor relecene "The Taam proces medal aseebld here ako seevey to tts fase te formation inte ‘Sst charts He ated on an average equipment MARCH 24, 1969/CHEMICAL ENGINEERING enic and dolor nagitede a obtained fom servo Ange % Avena wo Detar aime Magi, $ Parse, wo 3iaio Baka. eo a0 Proce so sme Proowe vec. S000 Ronis md aie qa Hie "Pil eat soo.o% ¥2,10,00 Using the equipment dole magne snd the nlp stalin todas in he ert ston, rny clement cost tegration can bo made eas tf tal equlpeat cost (F) as town In Table sing tate dlector date and an lodiret cost factr of 134, te foloving typical “nor” deneal ‘rover module can be asembed bared percent ulment cr, Thee factors cane wed for ely eneptinl ork, provided adjusnents are ma for Iino deviates, OF couse, where date ae vale ‘tir pofrble to bull your ova wad ast one ay BE Rit eas feet Fob event 10004 u | Sa Fee | irreeees ii | Eee tee! BS ald inten (84) The chemeal process module represents mi1968 ccats apd labor produatty on a US. (Calf Cost) Jbsite Pato telagenships ao lated on eatbon feel, AI foctors se tte eget Key Relationships Cutan Say seatinships betean tho pany east lenents develop at ths sage: thee a. eetal for rapid aseally of estimates and provide portant lacolns for doin ce bid als ‘Material factor indicate the vlatonslp between total equipment ort (2) ond tal fel mate CCHENHOAL ENGINECrING/ MARCH 24, 1969 soci ih the exuipant (m). Tis factor ‘lade ll dee rates sp hoo range fore 12 to 175 depending on te. elt comply The “no” nae nents 2 bor fatortnclades all Sld bor roqulad to foetal the examen ad erect tho eld atta. 1 repreants det Bld abr (C) tht shoo generally ange fom O54 t> O68 of total quipment cox, Alepending moet on the dlls relatnshpete=n ‘Mfr and aa (LM rat) "The “ora” modabe Idan O88, Tho kor te aad har awed tn a compost rate of SLBD/ix (Gal Ceast). Ths 1 deed from an average mit of crafts for process Cntctn, Th tte doe ot elude fage bone tr labor border, which ae nloded inthe cnstue- ton overbad acco TAK ratio elitr lect labor dalla to direct snatr llars. The L/AL rt, which vara th ach att (0 cot data). eh lnpotant ears Sf producti, aod thou range fom 0.2 to OAD foc cnettion shin the US. Tho “noe” module Indictes 030. (This factor i putclely eenative th oventasIctens where wage ste, labor elfen ‘et aod ste sonditons vary extensive), ‘Diret cut factor (ML) relates fob. equipment alas to the ett of tho equloment together with Sut of Bld mates an eld sbor aeseary 42 Install the oqepmant on «prepare Jost repre eld italian ete for the process cit sd shld rage fom 18 to 26. Tha “oor” ‘module Inet 220 deer oi fet ices all the indict ott laments seated ih the modal or projet 38 Tbted in Table T, The total delle val of thee leet parry sensitive to alloy eto, Zt fats, bber productivity, eld wipevson, te Jct thom addr mate, sel yng from 330 $596 Cf inet cst A "norm factor of 134 bas bom ‘Sublshed to represent the proses module dees foc the US. (Gul Cont) In mi-1908 ‘re moddle footr includes all the eect and Indes oot ckment nthe prose mods end, ted a a aliplee on oqupment co, fe Inensure of the ders roe lo iterate single ot riuiple plover of eqelprent ino pak process Ter Te fete ean vary Hane 2.8 a Bt {he “aor” dul noses 295, "ote pile foctor represents all the etinated cost In the are module plus the cntingenes eo Sidered necezary to adjust for ltd ans oF In fulfclent scope dfn (100%) and. contacar feo (asually 35%), The “nom” module Indetes 348 nd tis Inclodor fates af 159% contngensy tnd 39% fox Solids Handling Module ‘The sls nding module involves heavy mechan foal equipment tem (see Tabla 1). Apprenatly 0% of direst labor matours i consumed by band {ing tn sting the equpment, compared will 10 17carta costs Developing process mod using equipment cost data—Table Beiter thon thee ae ton vom” 300 RoR (00m epiimgieea cc het TS ase 15% in the proses matule, Foundavont and dle trical wor “are prodominaat In feld mates le ppg e+ elatvelymlzor element ‘The follaving ir 4 “nor” mechanical equipment rmodele assembled ea princpler smi to the proces Imodsle, Thee Tact canbe tol for say eplial work provided adjstments are mado for own deviation: Mya A Bg resin Be ieee peel — {| = a ris ald nln (6184) at nade — of TT] ‘onhgency aed Ie 0%) ES “This mole represent mid1068 productivity and coats on 8 US. (Cul Cost) jdt, Factor relaon- Ships ate on cabowsteel tals and all aces a % ttl euipinent, Pract ndets can be asembad 09 the same ‘asst the chen proces module, Use 108% of Ciro mates) ast for enginering 52% of deck Iter cot for cineuton ovedhsd, and 3% for tents fe, TE shoal be sotad that the above modules are typi! “norms” bass on data able othe aoe They have Den sod ricesrfally to assist eay Spill ct preietons and bidanalyss work Project Indirect Costs Once the dvst materl and Ibor costs of the rat have bern ests nacesry to pede ‘ho indict cont to cover work by = sortase for Dofett mnsgenent, eigbeeng, prosiemest, Bald Eipenison and general overhead expenses. Those ars ean be relied to soot Mel. cots dung ely ve of development by tact fact, bot ths Eccont, soon becomes. vetve to alloy aoe, Iiborfmaterstraoe, plant beatin (Isbor produ fv, Bell noperion, ete) and maga The edict factor ca vary cosy with ach oe QB ‘iva ite Freight Tas, Duin: Thte corsa a faction of get mateo dlr. Fr concept Work, usa ‘Saf det matoal value for Soman fragt nd lUaReH 24, 1969/CHENICAL ENGINEERINGmage 1% for sles and se ta watin the U.S. Ovesess BD rig cn smut to 10-22, afro dots oy CD aSsy of te mater woe shipped, depending the dtice and port of ety. “Consrustion Goce These eats ate properly hted to Grect-elidnbor dolaes and can singe {fom 00-80% af diece abor for construction job ten within the US-ap to 100% for overseas lee tins where adtonal Bal. superisin Is reed ft eomtracon ema! fo be aca FE cetblched at 67.4% of drut al aber cont TAS Toul i the following coeelment format sod Te ‘aes of equipment cot bine, Piss Bigeh i em deck BEE ea Eke Dieet « a a SORE} soyfs dle olen cee, Contraction ona cot Tous ere motte ent [ST] om the previous tabulation, constrctan overhead. Cer fra 0178 factor babveenconeractin ovabead IAL cones 3 0.189 fcr th be ode cost ‘Thin the “or” ease and tabulted base om the following Ringe bafta "ILS Sans be Padpeviicn 178 ‘enpaay fesen | 8. Soe en 18 “nota comtuetion 100% OTA 17.8% 19% crete ‘he elem In overead ince Femge Benois: Employer conten to ion fends for heath avd lle, wasn, bday, sek eave, witenent Add rons for tavel and fobs tus hen rege. Tor Burden: Erploye’s mandatary contsations {or Federal Social Soewy (FICA}, Pore Unen SQ stolen Ina (EU, Sate Usemloymens Tnsreone (SUI), Worknen's Compensation Tild Superoon Slr, ogo bones and but [CHEMICAL ENOMNEERING/NIAY 24, 1969, hen tems fe syprvsty and Bald pesoanel, Ad Arnel and saistence wher neces) Temporary Face: llgs, osdvny,pathng is, ook acs efolding, ging, ti, ene ya reson onaruction Equipment: Equipment rectal and Ipaing, pla eight 1a and fom the jobsite ‘Small Tea: Expendable onsouctin tcl, wally edue at $200 oe unde, Mucellvoue Pld Caste: Job eeanop, watchnen, vinar guignent ae, redial sercs, welder {tn comune supe, warehousing. vealor sere tee, Jo inuance noch a ple abity (EL), pob- Hodamage (PD), autecil ood alli Cones fac ate nacatary 0 ast for othe LAM ttos sod Mads mages. Use thee chats ch caso cae ci Pere + mete (near) hye Beats » dig fn | je B50 Fea AHELO Total Construction Overhead’? ~ ATM ROS Xm RI pe om te ne Sa tl enti hn cout cam be bteinel fom Wl diet (ML) dal ‘Sing the cot equation es mae A, (re) * Pe) Index Engineering Costs ‘The amount of eninasng manhours con vary cemitlenbly btwn project snd fe parol se fie t sul design problems, proces comple tifa, Suplntan,scbedle equemets 258 eb Imapatude, These cots are basally rtd to the Value of ect materiale engfeerd. A aor” vahie Fr conepiel wort babout 1.65 of direct material. Ths teal fn the following comeeemant format ad (Ge oh ulna cuts: ED Sa ie" dae pal sole en Son ve 1APTA COSTS « ngioweing cots ae rlted to ot MAC dlls for etsy coneoptoal work. Usog the azo factor of 10136 on direct material wil welt in = O10 rela touaip between tho case of ginesng eal the (Mad. ext, sod O74 selaonhip with bare ode "Thefts abut below lest Diet Bs Dow, at 30H, Neisa i, "ua disks Me Powe 45 08 04 08 Degeeddnins 98 Sa f8 1 Poe ar oa a a3 Hime sliomatveion 88 08 01 08 Eagar dinet tor @.i GF 48a Ofte bat wo oa sa 30 Tealeogowingco “Ww.0 “Tse Joe TVG CCocton factors 0 esesany toad or oer LAM ratios and M&L mangas, Use thee chats for suc someaton Fee = IIsU ASK HHH Ad ge ng fu die i waar sre ion Adjusting for Other Characteristics Adjor for other pojst shares i ctiary by sing th foto Fy for Pele Tpe me Ciel Cape. me heal yong ist 10 ee eulpemcee a8 siding oe Bulli ely. os Total Engineering Costs From the above dat, clelete tt eaioerog cost fom direct (MAL) dalla by using he eat sustion Ehginecing cost $= (M&L}z(010) (Fe) (Fas) (9 > Idee Cost Data The charts nthe section have been prepared from reco ping dats alate, when wey, ‘he Ene yer (mid 1068) and ave material (ctbon Stal. Range of the aera data ited by the Abt ine, ‘All ort data are ina constant stat of cng, and to dale valve an be eonsideted. shale, Expr fen, jodgrent and sna mr be contanly ap Pied to the we of aso or any eter cost dato fjusente ra to ore scctately sees the eo fet on Band, parol when spe sod defiton icone avait PROCESS EQUIPMENT Process Furnaces Process furmaces (Fig. 1) ao wed for igheapacty Jia tinsel a prot ses ‘Stucaral profes are urully“boe‘ype" or “A- Arama wth alple tabe bask and atgeal stack Loaton within the procast aren and uni eats ean ‘ary cotldaably with lolidaa desins "The ents sed on fret ors for furnaces Assn to cette Byaisearbon sears to 700. at SoD pat. (nox) with alurbed heat dates in excess £10 milion Bite Al tube banks ara carbon el ‘cept yt or former farace include atailst tubes overall eiency i rted at 75% vith oleae Combination bare Teclors ste provide to ajet for pyre otro former design types ly tube tates, and des pressures up f0 3,000 ps "ermace css aren subcontract bass ad nce a det ara ald bor, subeanrator overbead Sand profeneronaty to contract the furnace on the Jahn Ad dal for Toundatins external pitng Sd olber Held as fro the salto cot nd se. ony: Prat ths asin 1069 of catbo sefornarferace dsignel to iberta G5 millon Bt/ bat 450 pl Stallrrtel ter av rogue nthe Indian setions ett expected to cost 180,00, ‘isume wseaiton to be 896/ye fron mid 1088 and raluate Held talon snd nodule cot forthe fanace Baw ast (hom Fe 1) 8350000 Aj ote peane ad eli spend erin noo "S500 (135-000) 0) ns200 Pros mod: ‘ire sot fete =k Divs GL (OS bai) (260009 4.60) ‘Fel installation (H&L) =440;00 + (04,100 ssa (08 ta) NIH 3m uaaeit 24, 2906/CHEMICAL ENGINEERINGNochemcal hinge. 5 8 t H if Ce yee ‘cette tet ins " Fagared Tira bass, ih nae mamma BE See. cee Se ase fete ai Sees a Poesia ‘iksreaenscten Drctd eed bios. 2 y\ cement Evaneeniian” 4, 3969cara costs « ‘cupmiten S sumer ast i \ f u Tare mtieaat 17004 400-2090 ‘ald-1000) = $001,300 , ‘Gargser asm)= "an ‘otal mds cnt ‘ate Direct Fired Heaters Fired heaters (Fig 2) are dasigned to lvoe the temperature and’ entropy of pots ses ual without change 19 the moleulr tutte, Designs te sul} codec, wilh este rode banks fred by lle cotinatin burners, aa rw i ree ged 9 I Seen ON) Stallandtabe exchngeee—Fg. 3 “The chore bos on Sok-rcted ent for det fre heaters with exboostdl tubes; such cot Soe dale all dct mater, eld Tabor, subeontactar ‘vets ad prof Ald lle fr foandstns, ce tera png sh ote Bit ost om th allt ale ‘hop fected unite can urly be purchased up to 25 millon Tu i Deyo ths, ld fbn Is nce. Hats ae povided onthe chart ast fer design type, tube sateen design preset po 1.500 pt Ezampl: Fld the coment cov of vere det fal beater designed #0 Hierate 12 millon Bis /be nnct! 26, 1969/cHeMicaL eneweemne‘Tobus are chrowofmsly and design pressure 1,000 {Eval the fs fostalatan cot for MAL: ite raton ofthe Bele. ase cnt rom i. 2) 185. js formar bd pa poled cet =) .0040455039) Sessa ites cat futon S18, Died hab “A800 a) 7000 "otto ERI) = 1 48000-2808) ‘ShelLand-Tube Exchangers Heat trace sexes inet proves operons. “The most versal enuinent fortis porpase He elband-tabe (S71) axchanger (Fig. 9) “Gasction in dened by construction carci. ints such a floating head, tobe, fed behest ete rebolr,Allys and high press ace sully fnvalved on the teste "The hart is bad on foatingead construction with earborestel shell and fiber Dells elated Xo surfoco agen np 10 10,000. fe Facts are I ded to adjust for design ype, raters of com Strveton sd design presares tp fo 2,000 pst, Di {or fouraton, Ald ssl, el iber, inet cote are abtlned fom the appropiate insttton ‘noduler "Pearle: Establish the suet cow of mule tube sxchonger unite dasiged for sta of 9,000 Seok muace tn a 400 poenue cet Both ‘fell and tube ace suite steel. Assume excslton to be Obl ye. to mi-1069, ase ot ig 3) 518.000 Alloa for yp pears eterl ad exten: reevsy Penta, Powe, Tales 15 peel et (ait) =a Q0}08540 2050.09 Air Cooter Costs ‘Ate coolus are wd extensively where beat seo tin from » pres i posble, sng ambient st #4 feoutnt Fart bundle provio masimanexchuing? Sface within nin sae easing cnoeptal ‘Suiting, conde De “acl” azn t represet {Bo cleustd. aren died by 185. (Iho ftsbe fcc), Tigi Dave on eldevected costs fr fda! incl uit designed fr 150 pa ih “seooker eat” om 00 to D000 eq (8300 to 358,000 COHEMICAL ENAINEERING/'"-"0H 24, 1960, eS ioe gS ec Peieamon Geren{RAPS aH MARCH 24, 2969/CHEMICAL ENGINEERINGaeCcometage pumps and eriers—Fg 6 f Samar BS rents a caleltl are), Tubes and casing aro cabon stor tiictey iene at 707. Factors con ads for her Tube mnt such ay stilss and pressures up t Cole ots ar a subsotrct sis end clude auf diet mote Bed aber, subcontractors over aT Trad nd poi Ad dlrs fr foendston, exter ies toa Dining and other prime cotretor cost fram the ae Frain moder ‘Due to the atively rough conte ashieved by sin aes, 1 urly necernry Stall 9 he Tata tin colerdownsboam of hoa ole to chev elma rpertire cote Theo iin eles fan cost -spprimatly 120% of tho ale cooker ‘ats Example; Du to leted water soli, aie cokes vs mows moet of tho bast fom an exoherle Process plant operating st 240 pe. See 150,00 Po tof ealelated surface is reqled for poss with an addons 408% of hi at ‘tl ‘The pn exposed tn be Bale Stalls tbe, 16 long are specid, fut expected to be 4s) after mid Predict the atlpstd. capital east, the al one Falter (end 1070), 26 anes! 24, 1969/cHENICAL‘a ape ime Sta Sem Recireating pumps and desl? Lon Sie onmeensaeaens ay Chllaed ures s68 180000. Seeccerarn Soto ext ‘aropan 30) vom Fig Bu ob), 7000 Tele pian Pats, Tnx (0970.00 pete at omdinm Topo} OSH} 0.0990) To ‘caasion | tna00 ‘cok est (fan ob) ‘anger tH war 94200-22006 Seege e | rePe Es TOES ay i Coe ats Taps ; Fre nd BA: mine \ Q "OU a i Se ihn aso i ine i nevreainon Eien | Ge cw | soe Tees soeasiStas ‘vEMNICAL, ENOIMEERING/MARGH 26, 1869 raei ara os sa he per) —— ir Seer ae SEREE op, Ste foeneae \ a ‘rceae mode = 218000 ‘Blimender meas = 3000 ‘Ta bos main’ ~ aon Ginger 8% = 34000 “nie ‘ead 13) The air cose fact ate haere, expected 2 cost 411,00 at tho nd of TOTO, we 42.78/64. fe of falevlted suface According tothe base data on Vig 4 ihe evs cam vary between 20% of dhe pected cat, There ar freer, some potential ‘Sving of 159 fr stretel Sotapraton deo Saal Cngering. The masioun east ean, Wetelor, be Sted ost = 400) (189-048) Leenjoot Pressure Vessel Costs Poets pretive veel are wally dexgrad Sa scence withthe curent ASME presur vessl ode, They are sully eyinial sel capped by ‘vo eli esd Intlton can be ether vera] rant, scoring to pace proses rue: ie § slits vel dneer, tangent Delght or Dents to feet Wall sensei fled In the posure icons The base ct epesents posure veel fbseted fn cvbom ste o vest BOP Sten reso with verge seas, manways and supports. Puls an ‘bead to adj for oer sll stern, and pres cs vp 10 1000 pa Add dallas for oandatons, ‘lm ste, Sed Isbor and Indirect casts Fem the Fh ntti: mode ‘Tray asenble, packod beds, sigs and other internat ae oe separately and adel to the hl ota reir ‘Boompla: The psa! mensions of «distin towor azo 6 Sin, da, and Efe tangent hight Shall materi spose a atl 16 (oad) the ‘peng presoe ir 10D pl, and 40 snes valve ye ae Ln pacing ave tule, Pe te Okt Fneallatin aid male cots mid 1985, astuning 5a eston fom wil 108 ‘Bu cet = 124500 ‘at fs tari romana eats fei) can, tay, Tor = 1. prado, mleN8 ” B40) 228 (0) (0) a wee Dit ara) Tapa ay insta 140) “rset + 60010-24009 Thinso% MARCH 24, 2569/CHERICAL ENGINEERINGzeta etn Dar ronoa (St aareodel cnt 1080) ‘ry aby ets ‘Bashi non ‘ay camer rote si, ‘ay maclae rae Bey ope Vase ‘ny rl Tee rm uo hate Bion ote (bs) ~ 3,600 es tag Fenity tel = Ot apie cot, mIGOD [ANH B240442.7) (OH) slznc0 CContritugal Pump and Driver ‘he chart on centifugal pups (Fig. 6) ss based on fb. pnp and dives sulable for geerabproces ‘pple (up ta 10D gp. at 1,000 py 5.000 fg. at 20 pst). The bag cst nts suction eo tone to 150 pel, at 2507, Factors are foladed to dja for other naortls and ther operating cond ton, “The capnciyphead (C/H) factor provides « coe cretion ofthe ra dat Ti aco obtained y Imukipbing the capacity apm.) by teal dynamic bead () G@ fi ios Sor fdas, Sold ster ah inher ant contactor Sade eats at zequed fom ‘he ntaltion modal. ‘amples Addiaal motor driven pring ft tes are bing considered as part of & process pant ‘expansion scheduled for ate 1071 Pron Bows i 450 gpm, ttl head 250 pal, suction pressure £00 i. Service corel, requling sues steel ma teria To cenafugl pomp are speced with oot tommon spare, Preietthe modal cat of is Facity fevtalled within the procs area, Assue escalation at G2b/y, shor mid 1068. ‘Total pumping ato 200 9m, "Poopiageals 150m Taal a 20 pe eis tae ‘ase Tie Pron Tig. ‘Bus ot =s2a00 0) @) oa Ado fo materia stn promt, eatin ras Lasy Fe katy det = GA) (L007 orth ppg ns pet nT} (00.90) .800.0010.05" TB om moti ye vekinfier | =832 Barb (C3) (09 8) Busiotulecot — Tata-+aggn0-2900 eas Seton CHEMICAL ENOIEERING/ MAD 26, 1968 Ccontonmey 15% 600 ‘esr “000 Accarng tthe base data on Fig. 8, th above cuts can vary between 35% of the expected val Reciprocating Pump and Driver Reeiproetng pumps ae seal specBed for Jo consi high race Bow fd arm, metetng Stpltos, Dittecting osm” daver ee most monly hie, sthowgh ator and turbine dives fl alin be spied. ‘Pig 7 based on Gb, oot for dzetacting redprociting equipment sible for specie process Sppltions up t0 100 gem. 2 1,000 psi, 5000 fbn at 20 pa Date eat Hit ston coats to $80 pt and 950 Fy fate ae lll to afr ‘ier alle ae aperaing conditions, "The G/M face shoal be ied on a snier base sx cetifogel pumps. Ad dala for faundation, Tail len, eld bor apd Sodret casts from the feta odes. Process Gas Compression Procts gar are zequled in wide range of copucee, panes and tempertares proces gas conprestia ft a complar sit operation invobng er eentifgal er rosprostiog racine. Core fnorlalequipnt Isr te following general charac ‘Conruga: Wih-capacky, low dicange retary wally hin ge of 40013500 e/a op 3000 pa Reciprocating: Lower capacity, highdlichangs pyossres wal within ssnge of 100 #9 25,000 ex. {efmin. wp #9 4.000 ps CCstomdaigned Squipment is uely necesary for applications esoeling te above capactos end Dresues Motos fubina or gar ego dees can bio be wed, or cart elinating purpose, consider the many vases suc ob woke ot weight xpacy (et ft/ Trt ut Heya clouds weight, elves, compre ‘ion var at rpreantd by he Bhp. parameter ‘Thee ealelatons sta regia bears Fig 8 can bo ed “Tie chart & bated on Seldassonbled costs for ceniifagal machives th tar deve sang fra 00 t 5000 Dp. Face are inclded t ast for ‘tor compressor Svs eimbeatns: carbon sta ‘traned i al eppatons, Add dlins for founds: ‘ions Bald eater, Baldor, apd ndets frm {he ation snes at requred spl: Two tre ven contigs compres: ors ll ceuate sjatess ps Ina proces pln toad orespower roqoremen ars cleus fo be 9100 Bp, Equipment wil be ordered In mid-1080snd Stalin Ite 1970, Fo sty pupses, pit stra cor oun the felt Inelation spd modal cats of Dir ears: ‘Mstr ne Tan e@ fession fclty ning 2 poset fntvest cbr af Dietmar (4) (073000) (1.57) (06 THR, Assn 696/ye for mate scala and 55 Ssumeico Herkitr snaanteg Aakrndex Solon ce Dit fl labor cnt 0 ‘rapmyassyconeoee 000, Shao et ig 8) aN ‘ination coet_— (7500) ++ (600) Adj ors tye nnd can eimtD ‘rue igy Tose = 00 2485000 agetd cnt la. 10, = (8n.98 (1.38) 16) Idee @ 12% Ti Tisanawo —S Porto machine /ss00 Bare rte 600 Sanotz000 Conger @ 15% > "sa000 rom sad ee =1r.00 ‘Tle modal at sees ined Gn Tahal ttt natal on cottons spoil eulment Fi. 9 120 wanes 24, 2069/cHiMIcAL enenweeRNGInstallation medules for single units—Table I Fi ae tnt ‘SPECIAL EQUIPMENT ata jn this section apply mostly to eany me chanical equomentassoaated with the sls han Ing inode, Tue of Bs euipnent stm Uo Signed and represents "sack f mney” svelving Tagh il carte and High Inbor cost fr fl sting Mate factors ae, Howver, nina "The exponential char technique i red bere (Pig 9) to generate all specs equnent costs from the labuladon of uit cast ond ste espnonts (Table 1). Field owtaaton foster (wae tnclade the ‘ont of equipment pr founians, elect, paint, [ei labor) sod abet (E/E) ration ae 9 Iedaded for evaluating Instat costs, "Various process mndele “spec equipment” sens (cock ar ests ejectr, tae esters) are also Tncaded, together witha Slaton of raselneous ‘tens fou in cherie plans, ‘De to some dlverty inthe coreatons the dats 4 ls seton shout be cegarded ns "Est appoint Hone." Ith peje proves tobe economia svnd, chtin vendor quotation 8 son as appropiate design ‘hata can be developed, ‘eonlor Find the oot of Snelling a bucket clovte na frac plat expe of lang 75 tna! SEAS eMieat.enammreaivaywanest 24 1969 ta of slid mates from gr to ble conveyor ‘rtm leat 35 (above grade, Ane ss eqpe ‘ent ile reqoied fn mu-1070, and that eal Hon ie pres tobe 96/9 Do notice revamp work Pronoun Union i tne) s00/t. rom Heo nwoacte 25 it @ 088) 140 Engen pnt ot 10D) =(50) 140) 1.05% re Pod intin (MA) Tivaen =. (aa) Nore ndinls @ 29%, -3a0 ontngeny O82) ‘Toa mle cnt tN) FF “The Piping Account Ping asters are en Stora past of chemi! plate Tey unuly ‘lode » comply of Hear Pipe Ranges iting elves aappars, ele, which Inercomnest the aseitedprocse eulpment ilo fing snctToralton costs (MAL) are Hh fae con vy frm 509% to TOME of tll eupmest ‘alse (C8 bars) depending ca cent comple, ‘lt Tyoat wid equomentspecing Pedickng pingie cn ed ae ase ance! 26, 1969/CHEMICAL ENIVEERINGPer exvpman—ttte CHEMHCAL ENGINEERING/¥A 24, 1968capital costs... cost i ie, pe when dein engiaasng i co ete ad ates lad is pol Get somplesy tr meant of the “ightoes ce lou eqelgaentspng Fok stn, ead fore “ig. ‘Lnitad pote, wisinom.eqspont spade, few pps brad, maxinon Soe ado Bosse er belted work sn el fntr = 18). i verge et yo wit cel pi ck, and equipment spicing, sion pends fd hop abwted soa ual work soe el Ee om, Leese. Nosy sight pipe re (er and some flr), misiuen endn, Bags, and Saogers, fw Catv, spon lyn (pk far = 05). "The dt in Tobe Ve sel in concept work te exaat ated ppg run tht are ot ncaa 4s Ge moda Gas p18 for lon of png toda) Oly lets apg, italien hae tric, sod abo, cost ‘ae eceauy Use he ‘pone ut snd Tabla W's genta oil 'Bennple Podct storage fom a proces ot mpl: Pract orage fom «proce fly Inctd tome 1,800 fm tho bar ent pat Damping ate is 50" ga aga» fn ead Fessinoeof 90 pals @ inode, Gnsfer Bae i SpecfodPredt th cont of el te oy Cesena) in mu yo cet pnp dng its ected 200 fe wn Be pros ae Incl two lei thle” rv (gt) exe Tater Bite Asie telson fo be fey en 188s the atetrdot fer 1, ae ty ie ‘Total toed Zap ert tate Tied eo Ider moe" Pigg ‘Pang cot) = 4.90 00 00 rom med Pump lala oe (MA) = (20) 2.) Sao rom piping data an expose ca ‘al eve prom pig (CS) = 0, (Che retro in a8 es) Thala pp ot (EL) 50) (100.8) 00% Sono ‘ola tatisyssistelaons (440 + 600) west WE) on ie atiry nt te ror ing tat a apenas ‘it ot ta ng (CS) ‘Ss eter | Lbs fst Go ia) cy Saou Ins fe lpn (MAL) 85700 "aber ieee @ onto = Te haowe Chart nar ater ack) SA Iatabl wet kta “eo goo ‘otal piping tation at ‘Otek FE) (8700 +1300) ss830 Pat ee et "Wan teeta =15400 Desist es "otal initia CL) inane g seo Coninmaey 816% 480 “Tle expected taafer moda 95700 "int ‘SITE DEVELOPMENT Mor ht in etn poet bia tomate wk 29 ep lange ST fret nd tof Sa pepuaion depend othe trout af Src sea rak Using, gin xen stg ops meal ite sme gd sl ring ssaoge guia, staan 2 mina png Gree Toe cht Table Tad ene SSSin tl nae bet ey eas tes ecu er nos com eat tia usa tts a st shay eae oy ' cece wa rca tage ome MA She? alone for csp eT H at vata eel) a ka ey (owt 3 Piping system unit costs—Table V ee fa FA ( jessie presusten tase Manct 2, 1960/CHEMICAL ENINEERING‘Coss for site development —Table VI CHEMICAL ENOIIEERING/"8N0H 24, 1969APITAL COSTS. «« Unit costs for offsite faites —Table i ar et a 3) toe nar tm nr) i 136 ARCH 24, 1965/CHEMICAL ENGINEERING‘eprts shade contd ox soon at 9 yartul fete ehaen ‘The normal nl cost Jn Table VI represen total get mater sd Ibor cat for each tm. Usb ie [E/M rao to break oat the atc nd lor com nen! yon for MAL ation i mens INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS: ‘Typical procss plant budings re Ise in Table 1 tne cone wry coneldery- a to eho wie de ‘vey of architecture! forms, mits of orton, sod foneional Tayo Tee nal for Teal sabe ‘tetris to erect tte bang ieee fir ‘vith an proctes and aber conor for ths else ovale ‘The data inthis sect prcent range of Mit ats frm which mal ulling modules cx bo Scambled during the conartul pase, Use 0% of [Male ta vepreent subeonetctr dec (suing overhead and pro); athewie the prime ceatocar Inet wil apply to an ML integration ‘To peowide mine Soil, cs standardized speciation character hive heen eth Tow Gos. Pefaeato Hihtstee frame sof, transite cr met shes wall concrete Hoe, feising te acommodatos ln “Average. Protabvientod sadn sel fame and swat, good Iisk ov conte wall coneste foot sed. rol, erage forishing ta secnninodasons inside High Cou, Custon-desined hewneteel_ emo, eae siding, fc bck em eancrete Bok al a cote or and rol, expensive Enhing and acon" ‘odatons said, Bae Shell Cost "The fllowing data repent average vt cot anges withla, Dut not cone ty the above spat foatons fr single cory baling sell. Foundations snd concrete oor sab ae isc st act Cache Ban 9 Hoo swe wag tae Rew iy Asean 0435 088 nat csttane Boa 6 te Comper a Sm a Se ‘me othe re) omits bose 3h sa ae ‘expel. ‘ser Boe 28 4a Matoancostooe 2349008 Libertas’ 0532 a? ‘ane Prom ulin = 2.68.) 7.88 GhewoN, ENGINEERING! -ancit 24, 1960 ‘Aajustment Factors Use the following factors t adjust the base shall Number of Sse (oss of Base gh) 7, Pecsdaice re nee Boom, sr tng, mle doth (em) 0.00 Concer, ping eet on i oe ‘oid oat ‘Coma doer aid asic eG nab “plo oss oot ste. he tot fcr. 00 Sa tr 830 ‘totem oat Industral Builing Services ‘Aad ls for seis and equlpent a edna in te falowiog data ont any 8/5 Tien For Are, Baling Bere, F woe kvsape Tg ‘Ab conden, am 530 10 ‘Fone bulgy sien 1.60 1.38 2.00 Of hberra, ea etal congeom Hourn 2.25 2.60 2.78, Warchouy mucins shoe 0.0090 aD eating aod tentang too ta 2.00 Photing eer). jot Em has ‘laden ma, ong ong api). 099 10 1.0 Steak uantareandosipmentP, Low” Atay eh abet empties 809 1800 25.00 (is oqlmeat = So ‘so “Fo ‘Stop eiprane Soo aon Son ‘Catt ipa, sa Sn en ‘The ata inthis section generate total dct MA, cots integration wi her medley at Us level re (goes stra andIsoe breakdown. This dane By sing LM rai: ow Areags ih UAE Rate Os “DEO8 tc ten a 3.080 & sommes 10obim “Tet a, Sr etant070 Building inivect Costs If complete male ones ae requ for sb contested buldings, wie sect factor of 1.30 00 Adaect M&L valuy ehervse ase project inde Tact fr pve suntan eperns, In each ese, Jntegato atthe breed cst Sve Total Building Costs “The shove data can be suena vrey of bolding dosing the cet eqn Dulin ot = is el (at P+ MA aie rt Dict Ma oat 138 5 8 Ewen, Se = aed as al {se 1.0 fr indie cor ulg subontac x soup TEuamplb: A grnzootspreceeplant complete ie the folowing bung facts, equpd end fly socd Stove Speciation Ara, Sa. FL Circles 1 Arergs ‘wo Establish the “hor cot of the above faites (on a tueutsct sb) fo 22070, astuog Thulin valton of 49s fom id-1068, No at Siliining fs toqsed. Asan born foundations ed tro [MARCH 24, 2809/CHEMICAL ENGINEERINGcand ‘de Seti Sean i Power gonarating teltee—fig, 42 100; Fy = 000; Fe = 40; Index = LOH Salen =(cioraan.o0r ht od deo en eanL04" Hating From taniio4s ‘Ft weve, ‘Pte Br Tediet @ 0% Cominco 6.265% ‘Stetson toca oxy i200 (Chemical Plant Structures Stzel stctarr are nesatry Ik mot cena phot to sport elevated equipment and to provide re 5 cee 7 ea 1008 ment em, oe (Giingnay 15, Souris coating tone fies. 18 asses sci for operation aod maintenance Cost of thaw srcines var coadertbly according to Bye at mage of deadlnd, process consiortons, {te During erly coneptl work, elevation rogue: ‘ent can ually be detennied form quick analy Shor Knowledge of the proces characters, A ke {oot svat we a otiol 5-108 of total equ sent cot (CS bas). 1S the project devel, sketch layouts can be made to lndiato plat sea and eight at thie age ase {he foloving data to evalato there erctnes win (ree major speaiieaton groupe Tight. Not moc has SO ft hgh nly acces end lafoon ares, ance equipment support and stair we, open conten,ceaemaL costs Ee Bite BEB oe ms Ee atn Median. Stctoes wp te 900 f. igh, degre for averogelevted eipment support, patio eas and stainys, open conertion oe for tart ofthe rte “eau. Strsclares wp t 30 f, designed for hwy squint sppor crane oe calaat Indl ste tutes some covered contuton (nal hating pote in lads), eutde frigh eee ac: fore (Hlevatoe et eluded) Pasice Pe Heit, rigie Men Heap Up. 00s om 0. eee SSL a ee EE ne eeoemiaes fea, os 80 ote er) Som, oss on 0308 Deo ole 1001020 bso te ‘ho a0, von ce tae re Qi Tostaltion; Meld fallin (M82) focaded fa 2 nde fate (Toon) = 134, 1/34 ratio = oon uanen 2§, 1969/CHOMCAL ENGINEERINGSonn ecoms, 1 Epes Taglded: seat stratin, aqgnent opt, checker pli, salways, andl, cmcete Fotis (oo pling or concrete eubtructare), shop. pu felt aber, dowels Not ded: Ia pipe supports oer Sders ad platforms ‘Use of the data ll norte average fed neta ion eot (RE) for ste tts thn these Speciation integrate at the diet cst (MQL) Bevel or ald 2796 fr subeontacoe Indices Bian Bare sade cos. “Beale: Av eho pn bing esr for ‘oastrcton fn mid-1970 It teuto 2 “even etigerton pes with seis of eraprstors and Tetdown drut in’ grty How cheat An open steel seactre vel support the eine sod re ‘ile operating and sees rear dm 8 bight of ‘CHEMICAL ENAINEERIIC, 24, 3969, emia 00 ‘oe etm Gt 1009 aa “ Picacnyca Speeta70 isons ett schoat Pinon ot Epona el Ser Fee man eee et mae Sphere preccra storage vessel. 17 odie modu ito vow for heavy adn tung esa at 46/9. fom mi-100, sce 100 0), 1 yet ines) 080 ha sii (82) (5,00 (60) (08) 1.08% Inti @ 27% nom Bae mele = ssiom Conny, 5 eae utcotstormale sot, 500,=—_e { aghast | OFFSITE FACILITIES ate fener ore mie apa me and sulty syste genera ected ote the proces battery Hints, The tens ayo Ist on Table Lad the eect in Table VIL. Major elements such 5 {Scum generators, power generators, cooling To8Cr, talaga, are presented a2 sobeontactor base ‘ts on coifeapasty charts, togoier With pine ‘Giietor fst snaoles."Th ao of Ua data ‘vl generate diel stra od labor costs that, ‘in be itera st Ub Aleve ~ Repri Information »\ \ Avange sytem corte (nein oft pping, lect netromento, and other balk masters} {so be atnerted fom the Tabla VIT unit crt nop ‘Ths Stale for concept ral sats tl ‘orp dat teal or prt project, Ute the £/B¢ rats to en duet mater and bur component for MeL integration Tis. 10-18 presnt cat/eapacty charts fer some ote fees, Trompe: A proces complex requis an adtonal ‘oar plat capable of goneting 200,00 Ib of Saturated steam a 400 pl The we fais wil be Tested nan esting ler Hesse eta the proces aren Drei Gh cost of sialon (1) 8 att ‘Ea eutent evan program with 429% ladies, (2) fan indvidon! otallaion with ew” dstbaton {hsm late a 1900, Aste eslton to be 56/9. from mi1908 ‘Base cont (Hig. 10) = $180,000, Adjust for presore snd szltont en-08 Sala at Gi)” Asn 0.29.09 Fontan cen) SARL Gan Reeepintie @ 2% “108.00 ‘hese reise Teo Crating 18% om ‘vid mala roan) E00 ye a6, = 005 dee» 1.04 ‘Bae bbe oth) =204500 Mla netalion 82) anao0m (36) Sao Diafbaon ate (tL; Tote VIE (onto (oH (a) (in) 00 Diet ets 1) 2 ize (ra indree 94% > In ae mle alt 2 agen ‘eating 15% 6000 oldman cot nds0on 700 Mest the Author Ee Srrew High Pressure Hest Exchangers ‘The cast of Mest eachange at igh prouure cas we quihy obtained fram Fg, whichis based on equipment designed for 000 ‘pst, on both shell Lome net actos spoant for ataoltng to oter sas 48 ata rit rare nen). i Deson prover =) Beas of char: Cabo ste 8000, Fipepresure an so siee Ranges 7016 2.000. ‘oso S00 aja coste(Bate costernN Coat nde) ‘Adjustment Factors 160 6000 thro e300 26s So00 sta 090 Dat request ia.) Helgt ortenath cy Design peers ‘Salimatersl Mutnyreepatvuna enstructin 2000 pe deren pesure Nol intataton factor (verta)=8.75 ‘Mada isan factor on) = 209 | pesto cost = (ene Cost(roKrCost inden) Adjustment Factors 1 steal Fe a Stews 304g... 2.30 Soases 316 ees 280 and tubeside, Fulton & for vera! stalaton ‘sit Hoang tsbechest bunds The obverved dat ‘ange from 60 to 2,000 a fof sce aren, "Zeample: Psd the erent cat of beat exchanger with 400 ag. fof sauce denne for 4,000 aca 100 Xe 10 Sires 10,900 {osTOFMULTILAYEROR SPIRALOUNDPROCESSESSELS designed to conan pressures 3000 5,000 pei—Fg.2 CEWICAL ENGINEER” ABER 2, 2060cost Fue... Timebsce: — lat968 inant for erating ta ctor ze: 035 Det requires: Copety lpr) Doras prectree Suetonpreseure = 200 pt ‘charge posse = 5600p ‘3.00 2 800 pt Pumping nit Geared coping Dior fetes : Bosopste Insaatons Med staton fear = 3.78 ‘antes cont ase Cora KCot nde Adjustment Factors meta on mean carton, 199 3000. Shines Soi) a9 eon Shiness tec. 181 S00 1 ho 1 a apc aterm xl) [COST OF RECIPROCATING PUMPS io put Hgu nto circuits operating ot 3.000 to S000 s5i—Fie. 3 both sal and sbecde Shed rater i epeted 5 erbon sal (es), wis ale tbes, Beant the ‘odileIntallston Bat Cov om shar) = $12,000 Adjusting fr material end prose, the expected exchanger fo. cats 1983 i (sr200m 220) 08) = £29000 ‘Modul aan rac) ~ (12,00 G60) ~ #45300 Modul ct 055 £44300 © 29600 ~ 32000) High Pressure Process Vestle Processes halls in high pressure service can be quickly priced fom Fig. 2 temas o spe sp pPtenaenr are not incoed. Although based oo Zonal slit witha edarenent, ‘Eeample: Find tha cut eat of 2 proces re sca: all be Sntaledvertesly dad designed fo operate at 9,000 pai, with two prssue heads. The ‘aide waite i appenimately 4D ex. fan sale Tes tel (304) is rogied to stst sorocin, Deu. 2 6 id ding 80 fide eng Baa sot (rom sat) = $2300 Adjusting for materia snd prs, the expected tel fb at 1968 asz0m) (230) 058) = a55000 “Modi tation (ran) = (82000 (178) = S1504N0 Modul cy 9 $1500 (SUD = 3,00), 2 son High Pressure Process Pumps eciprosning pumps are wied almost exclasely to boost proses fds ata Aighpreesre eres, fhe for estimating tho cot of such pups are Shown in Fig. 3. Tho cipacty/head. (0/21) fa ter which ha Boon geoested forthe purpose of lois const of tho dats, is obtained fom the product of expacty(gpm.} ad ttl head (pt). Bcamplar Pedic the cect fm 1909. of pumping faite design to oost 400 gpm. of guid fram 100 tegen a pest fet st 5:0 pe No Soncion fe anispated. Beaton fs expectd to bo 89% poe ye 6/8 Pactoe = (400) 4900) = $960,000 ‘ascot Grom hast) = 50000, Adjusting for mates, pressure and escalation, tho expected pump feat in 1000 (859000. (0) 0.08) = ssna00 Mofo insataon (rtm) = ($5460 (7) = EGA Mods ot, 100 = 16800 High Pressure Compression ig 4 fase th cost of reipecating equp- ‘ment eapable of eompreing proses ges fom 200 [si into 5,000 prosure deoate over range of 100 to 4000 bhp, (Gas characteris, velunee le 306 on Reader Seren Card