Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2. Business Goals
The college still wants to attract and retain more students. The college board of trustees believes that
the best way to remain fiscally sound is to continue to increase enrollment and reduce attrition. The
college administration and board of trustees identified the following business goals:
Increase the enrollment from 600 to 1000 students in the next 3 years.
Reduce the attrition rate from 30 to 15 percent in the next 3 years.
Improve faculty efficiency and allow faculty to participate in more research projects with
colleagues at other colleges.
Improve student efficiency and eliminate problems with homework submission.
Allow students to access the campus network and the Internet wirelessly using their notebook
computers.
Allow visitors to the campus to access the Internet wirelessly using their notebook computers.
Protect the network from intruders.
Spend a grant that the state government issued for upgrading the campus network.
The money must be spent by the end of the fiscal year.
3. Technical Goals
The IT department developed the following list of technical goals, based on research about the causes of
network problems, which is covered in more detail in the “The Current Network at WVCC” section:
Redesign the IP addressing scheme.
Increase the bandwidth of the Internet connection to support new applications and the
expanded use of current applications.
Provide a secure, private wireless network for students to access the campus network and the
Internet.
Provide an open wireless network for visitors to the campus to access the Internet.
Provide a network that offers a response time of approximately 1/10th of a second or less for
interactive applications.
Provide a campus network that is available approximately 99.90 percent of the time and offers
an MTBF of 3000 hours (about 4 months) and an MTTR of 3 hours (with a low standard deviation
from these average numbers).
Provide security to protect the Internet connection and internal network from intruders.
Use network management tools that can increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the IT
department.
Provide a network that can scale to support future expanded usage of multimedia applications.
4. Network Applications
Students, faculty, and staff use the WVCC network for the following purposes:
Application 1, homework:Students use the network to write papers and other documents. They
save their work to file servers in the Computing Center and print their work on printers in the
Computing Center and other buildings.
Application 2, email:Students, faculty, and administrative staff make extensive use of email.
Application 3, web research:Students, faculty, and administrative staff use Mozilla Firefox or
Microsoft Internet Explorer to access information, participate in chat rooms, play games, and
use other typical web services.
Application 4, library card catalog:Students and faculty access the online card catalog.
Application 5, weather modeling: Meteorology students and faculty participate in a project to
model weather patterns in conjunction with other colleges and universities in the state.
Application 6, telescope monitoring: Astronomy students and faculty continually download
graphical images from a telescope located at the state university.
Application 7, graphics upload: The Art department uploads large graphics files to an off-campus
print shop that can print large-scale images on a high-speed laser printer. The print shop prints
artwork that is file-transferred to the shop via the Internet.
Application 8, distance learning: The Computer Science department participates in a distance-
learning project with the state university. The state university lets WVCC students sign up to
receive streaming video of a computer science lecture course that is offered at the state
university. The students can also participate in a real-time “chat room” while attending the
class.
Application 9, college management system: The college administration personnel use the
college management system to keep track of class registrations and student records.
5. User Communities
Table 1, shows the user communities at WVCC. The expected growth of the communities is also
included. Growth is expected for two reasons:
New PCs and Macintoshes will be purchased.
Wireless access will allow more students and visitors to access the network with their personal
laptop computers.
The physical design of the current network has the following features:
Buildings are connected via full-duplex 100BASE-FX Ethernet.
Within buildings, 100-Mbps Ethernet switches are used.
Every building is equipped with Category 5e cabling and wallplates in the various offices,
classrooms, and labs.
The router in the Computing Center supports two 100BASE-TX ports and one T1 port with a
built-in CSU/DSU unit. The router has a redundant power supply.
A centralized (star) physical topology is used for the campus cabling. Underground cable
conduits hold multimode fiber-optic cabling. The cabling is off-the-shelf cabling that consists of
30 strands of fiber with a 62.5-micron core and 125-micron cladding, protected by a plastic
sheath suitable for outdoor wear and tear.
Figure 3 shows the cabling design of the campus network.
Figure 3: Campus Cabling Design
In addition to the cross-campus traffic flows, the students documented traffic flows inside the library
and Computing Center and traffic flows to and from the Internet. Inside the library and Computing
Center, traffic travels to and from the various servers at about the following rates:
Traffic travels to and from the router that connects the campus network to the Internet at about the
following rates:
15. Improved Performance and Security for the Edge of the Network
To fix the problems with high CPU utilization on the Internet router, the designers chose to break apart
the network functions of security and traffic forwarding. The Internet router will now focus on traffic
forwarding. The administrators reconfigured the router with a simpler list of access filters that provide
initial protection from intruders, and they removed NAT functionality from the router. Instead, a
dedicated firewall was placed into the topology between the router and the campus network. The
firewall provides security and NAT.
The IT department chose a one-RU appliance firewall with a hardened operating system that supports
OSPF routing, NAT, URL filtering, and content filtering. For now, four interfaces on the firewall will be
used. The outside interface will connect the Internet router; two inside interfaces will connect the
campus network; and the demilitarized zone (DMZ) interface will connect the email and web servers.
To fix the problem of high utilization on the WAN link to the Internet and the high incidence of packet
dropping, the WAN link was replaced with a 10-Mbps Metro Ethernet link. The IT department
discovered that a few service providers in the area were willing to bring in a single-mode fiber-optic link
and support Ethernet rather than a WAN protocol. The IT department ordered a 10/100BASE-FX
interface for the router and chose a service provider that offers a reasonable monthly charge and has a
good reputation for reliability. In addition, the provider makes it easy for its customers to upgrade to
more bandwidth. For example, if the college decides it needs a 100-Mbps Ethernet link, the college can
make a single phone call to the provider and the provider guarantees to make the change that day.
The IT department also factored into the choice of provider the experience level and knowledge of the
installation and support staff. In particular, the provider’s network engineers had many practical ideas
for addressing redundancy for future network designs. Figure 5 shows the new design for the WVCC
campus network.
Although the network design in the example is simple, and some decisions were more obvious than they
would be for a more complex design, the example demonstrated the use of the following top-down
network design steps:
Step 1. Analyze requirements, including both business and technical goals, and any “workplace politics”
that are relevant to technology choices.
Step 2. Characterize the existing network.
Step 4. Analyze traffic flows.
Step 5. Choose a logical topology.
Step 6. Select building access technologies.
Step 7. Select campus-backbone technologies.
Step 8. Select Internet connectivity technologies.
Step 9. Select security solutions.
16. References:
Pricilla Openheimer, “Top Down Network Design: a system analysis approach to design enterprise
networks”, CISCO system inc, third Edition, 2011.