INFORMATIVE SPEAKING

SUBJECT :PUBLIC SPEAKING

LECTURER:ELISABETH RUTHANA LASMARIA SINAGA,M.Pd

ARRANGED BY:

1. SONY BRANDO MARTUA MATONDANG (19120089)

2. NOVA MAGDALENA RAJAGUKGUK (19120091)
3. SHYNTIA PURBA(19120087)

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM
UNIVERSITY OF HKBP NOMENSEN MEDAN
 2021

TABEL OF CONTENT

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND

1.2 PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

1.3 PURPOSE

CHAPTER II DISCUSSION

2.1. THE DEFENITION OF INFORMATIVE SPEAKING

2.2. TIPS FOR PREPARING OF INFORMATIVE SPEAKING
2.3. TYPES OF INFORMATIVE SPEAKING
2.4. STRUCTURE OF INFORMATIVE SPEAKING

CHAPTER III

3.1CONCLUSION

3.2 SUGGESTION

REFERENCES
 PREFACE

Gratitude for the presence of God Almighty who has given His grace so that
group 12 can be completed this paper "INFORMATIVE SPEAKING" on time

Group 12 also say thank you to Mrs.Elisabeth Sinaga, M.Pd, as the lecturer in
Public Speaking Study who had entrusted group 12 to complete this paper.

We also thank all those who have contributed and helped in this task. We
realize that this paper is far from perfect. Therefore we will accept constructive
criticism and suggestions.

Hopefully this paper is useful and the readers can understand it

Medan, 8June 2021

Group 12
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND

When you delivered your speech you have to noticed A good informative speech conveys
accurate information to the audience in a way that is clear and that keeps the listener
interested in the topic. Achieving all three of these goals-accuracy, clarity, and interest-is the
key to your effectiveness as a speaker. If information is inaccurate, incomplete, or unclear, it
will be of limited usefulness to the audience. There is no topic about which vou can give
complete information, and therefore, we strongly recommend careful narrowing. With a
carefully narrowed topic and purpose, it is possible to give an accurate picture that isn't
misleading
Part of being accurate is making sure that your information is current. Even if vou know a
great deal about your topic or wrote a good paper on the topic in a high school course, you
need to verify the accuracy and completeness of what you know. Most people understand that
technology changes rapidly, so you need to update your information almost constantly, but
the same is true for topics that, on the surface, may seem to require less updating.
In order for your listeners to benefit from your speech, you must convey your ideas in a
fashion that your audience can understand. The clarity of your speech relies on logical
organization and understandable word choices. You should not assume that something that's
obvious to you will also be obvious to the members of your audience

1.2 PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

1.What is the definition of Informative Speaking
2 How to preparing of Informative speaking
3 What is the types of informative speaking
4 What is the structure of informative speaking

1.3 PURPOSE
1.To understand the definition of informative speaking
2 . To understand the tips for preparing informative speaking
3 .To understand the types of informative speaking
4.To understand the structure of informative speaking
CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

2.1 THE DEFINITION OF INFORMATIVE SPEAKING

Informative speaking is a means for the delivery of knowledge. In informative speaking, we
avoid expressing opinionThis doesn't mean you may not speak about controversial topics.
However, if you do so, you must deliver a fair statement of each side of the issue in debate. If
your speech is about standardized educational testing, you must honestly represent the views
both of its proponents and of its critics. You must not take sides, and you must not slant your
explanation of the debate in order to influence the opinions of the listeners. You are simply
and clearly defining the debate. If you watch the evening news on a major network television
(ABC, CBS, or NBC), you will see newscasters who undoubtedly have personal opinions
about the news, but are trained to avoid expressing those opinions through the use of loaded
words, gestures, facial expressions, or vocal tone. Like those newscasters, you are already
educating your listeners simply by informing them. Let them make up their own minds. This
is probably the most important reason for informative speaking.

2.2 TIPS FOR PREPARING OF INFORMATIVE SPEAKING

Making Information Clear and Interesting for the Audience

A clear and interesting speech can make use of description, causal analysis, or categories.
With description, you use words to create a picture in the minds of your audience. You can
describe physical realities, social realities, emotional experiences, sequences, consequences,
or contexts. For instance, you can describe the mindset of the Massachusetts town of Salem
during the witch trials. You can also use causal analysis, which focuses on the connections
between causes and consequences. For example, in speaking about health care costs, you
could explain how a serious illness can put even a well-insured family into bankruptcy. You
can also use categories to group things together. For instance, you could say that there are
three categories of investment for the future: liquid savings, avoiding debt, and acquiring
properties that will increase in value There are a number of principles to keep in mind as a
speaker to make the information you present clear and interesting for your audience. Let's
examine several of them.
Adjust Complexity to the Audience

If your speech is too complex or too simplistic, it will not hold the interest of your listeners.
How can you determine the right level of complexity? Your audience analysis is one
important way to do this. Will your listeners belong to a given age group, or are they more
diverse? Did they all go to public schools in the United States, on are some of your listeners
international students? Are they all students majoring in communication studies, or is there a
mixture of majors in your audience? The answers to these and other audience analysis
questions will help you to gauge what they know and what they are curious about

Never assume that just because your audience is made up of students, they all share your
knowledge set. If you base your speech on an assumption of similar knowledge, you might
not make sense to everyone. If, for instance, you're an intercultural communication student
discussing multiple identities, the psychology students in your audience will most likely
reject your message. Similarly, the term "viral" has very different meanings depending on
whether it is used with respect to human disease, popular response to a website, or population
theory. In using the word "viral," you absolutely must explain specifically what you mean.
You should not hurry your explanation of a term that's vulnerable to misinterpretation. Make
certain your listeners know what you mean before continuing your speech. Stephen Lucas
explains, "You cannot assume they will know what you mean. Rather, you must be sure to
explain everything so thoroughly that they cannot help but understand" (Lucas, 2004). Define
terms to help listeners understand them the way you mean them to. Give explanations that are
consistent with your definitions, and show how those ideas apply to your speech topic. In this
way, you can avoid many misunderstandings.

Avoid Unnecessary Jargon

If you decide to give an informative speech on a highly specialized topic, limit how much
technical language or jargon you use. Loading a speech with specialized language has the
potential to be taxing on the listeners. It can become too difficult to "translate" your
meanings, and if that happens, you will not effectively deliver information. Even if you
define many technical terms, the audience may feel as if they are being bombarded with a set
of definitions instead of useful information. Don't treat your speech as a crash course in an
entire topic. If you must, introduce one specialized term and carefully define and explain it to
the audience. Define it in words, and then use a concrete and relevant example to clarify the
meaning

Some topics, by their very nature, are too technical for a short speech. For example, in a five-
minute speech you would be foolish to try to inform your audience about the causes of the
Fukushima Daiichi nuclear emergency that occurred in Japan in 2011. Other topics, while
technical, can be presented in audience-friendly ways that minimize the use of technical
terms. For instance, in a speech about Mount Vesuvius, the volcano that buried the ancient
cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum, you can use the term "pyroclastic flow" as long as you
take the time to either show or tell what it means.

Create Concrete Images

As a college student, you have had a significant amount of exposure to abstract terms. You
have become comfortable using and hearing a variety of abstract ideas. However, abstract
terms lend themselves to many interpretations. For instance, the abstract term "responsibility"
can mean many things. Among other meanings, it can mean duty, task, authority, or blame.
Because of the potential for misunderstanding, it is better to use a concrete word For
example, instead of saying, "Helen Worth was responsible for the project," you will convey
clearer meaning when you say, "Helen Worth was in charge of the project," "Helen Kimes
made the project a success," or "Helen Worth was to blame for the failure of the project."
By using an abstraction in a sentence and then comparing the concrete term in the sentence,
you will notice the more precise meanings of the concrete terms. Those precise terms are less
likely to be misunderstood. In the last pair of terms, "knowledgeable" is listed as a concrete
term, but it can also be considered an abstract term. Still, it's likely to be much clearer and
more precise than "profound."

Keep Information Limited

When you developed your speech, you carefully narrowed your topic in order to keep
information limited yet complete and coherent. If you carefully adhere to your own
narrowing, you can keep from going off on tangents or confusing your audience. If you
overload your audience with information, they will be unable to follow your narrative. Use
the definitions, descriptions, explanations, and examples you need in order to make your
meanings clear, but resist the temptation to add tangential information merely because you
find it interesting.

Link Current Knowledge to New Knowledge

Certain sets of knowledge are common to many people in your classroom audience. For
instance, most of them know what Wikipedia is. Many have found it a useful and convenient
source of information about topics related to their coursework. Because many Wikipedia
entries are lengthy, greatly annotated, and followed by substantial lists of authoritative
sources, many students have relied on information acquired from Wikipedia in writing papers
to fulfill course requirements. All this is information that virtually every classroom listener is
likely to know. This is the current knowledge of your audience

Because your listeners are already familiar with Wikipedia, you can link important new
knowledge to their already-existing knowledge. Wikipedia is an "open source," meaning that
anyone can supplement, edit, correct distort, or otherwise alter the information in Wikipedia.
In addition to your listeners' knowledge that a great deal of good information can be found in
Wikipedia, they must now know that it isn't authoritative. Some of your listeners may not
enjoy hearing this message, so you must find a way to make it acceptable.

One way to make the message acceptable to your listeners is to show what Wikipedia does
well. For example, some Wikipedia entries contain many good references at the end. Most of
those references are likely to be authoritative, having been written by scholars. In searching
for information on a topic, a student can look up one or more of those references in full-text
databases or in the library. In this way, Wikipedia can be helpful in steering a student toward
the authoritative information they need. Explaining this to your audience will help them
accept, rather than reject, the bad news about Wikipedia

Make It Memorable

If you've already done the preliminary work in choosing a topic, finding an interesting
narrowing of that topic, developing and using presentation aids, and working to maintain
audience contact, your delivery is likely to be memorable. Now you can turm to your content
and find opportunities to make it appropriately vivid. You can do this by using explanations,
comparisons, examples, or language.

Let's say that you're preparing a speech on the United States' internment of Japanese
American people from the San Francisco Bay area during World War II. Your goal is to paint
a memorable image in your listeners' minds You can do this through a dramatic contrast,
before and after. You could say, "In 1941, the Bay area had a vibrant and productive
community of Japanese American citizens who went to work every day, opening their shops
typing reports in their offices, and teaching in their classrooms, just as they had been doing
for years. But or December 7, 1941, everything changed. Within six months, Bay area
residents of Japanese ancestry were gone, transported to internment camps located hundreds
of miles from the Pacific coast."

This strategy rests on the ability of the audience to visualize the two contrasting situations.
You have alluded to two sets of images that are familiar to most college students, images that
they can easily visualize. Once the audi ence imagination is engaged in visualization, they are
likely to remember the speech..
Make It Relevant and Useful

When thinking about your topic, it is always very important to keep your audience members
center stage in your mind. For instance, if your speech is about air pollution, ask your
audience to imagine feeling the burning of eyes and lungs caused by smog. This is a strategy
for making the topic more real to them, since it may have happened to them on a number of
occasions; and even if it hasn't, it easily could. If your speech is about Mark Twain, instead of
simply saying that he was very famous during his lifetime, remind your audience that he was
so prominen that their own great-grandparents likely knew of his work and had strong
opinions about it. In so doing, you've connected your topic to their own forebears

Personalize Your Content

Giving a human face to a topic helps the audience perceive it as interesting. If your topic is
related to the Maasai rite of passage into manhood, the prevalence of drug addiction in a
particular locale, the development of a professional filmmaker, or the treatment of a disease,
putting a human face should not be difficult. To do it, find a case study you can describe
within the speech, referring to the human subject by name. This conveys to the audience that
these processes happen to real people.

Make sure you use a real case study, though-don't make one up. Using a fictional character
without letting your audience know that the example is hypothetical is a betrayal of the
listener's trust, and hence, is unethical.

2.3 TYPES OF INFORMATIVE SPEAKING

There are Four types of informative speaking

1.A Definition Speech

A definition speech explains the meaning, theory, or philosophy of a specific topic that the
audience likely does not know much about. The topics may be general, such as a sport, or
highly specific, like a particular person. The main goal of this speech is to educate the
audience so that they understand the main points regarding this subject.

2.Demonstration Speech
A demonstration speech explains how to do something. If you have ever sat through a lecture
where a teacher explained how to create a bibliography, then you have heard a demonstration
speech. Like most informative speeches, a how-to speech will likely use visual examples that
show the audience how to move from step to step through a particular activity. Visualizations
help the audience retain what each step looks like, increasing the likelihood that they will
retain the overall information of the speech.

3.An Explanatory Speech

An explanatory speech might give a description of the state of a given topic. As an example,
consider the types of speeches that are given at industry conferences. The goal of these
speeches is for the speaker to inform the audience on a particular part of an industry.
Commonly, these will also utilize visualizations that give the audience a visual representation
of the particular data or statistics contained in the speech. is one way to condense highly
complex information into an easily retainable package for the audience.
4 Descriptive Speech

A descriptive speech creates a vivid picture in a person’s mind regarding an object, person,
animal, or place. An archaeologist who has discovered a new temple in South America or a
paleontologist who believes they have found a new dinosaur may use a descriptive speech to
inform an interested audience about their recent discoveries.

2.4 STRUCTURING INFORMATIVE SPEAKING

Typically, informative speeches have three parts:

1. Introduction
2. Body
3. Conclusion

In this section, we discuss the three parts of an informative speech, calling attention to
specific elements that can enhance the effectiveness of your speech. As a speaker, you will
want to create a clear structure for your speech. In this section, you will find discussions of
the major parts of the informative speech.

1.INTRODUCTION

The introduction sets the tone of the entire speech. The introduction should be brief and to-
the-point as it accomplishes these several important tasks. Typically, there are six main
components of an effective introduction:

 Attention Getters
 Thesis Statement
 Audience Adaptation
 Credibility Statement
 Preview
 Transition to the Body
ATTENTION GETTERS
The attention-getter is designed to intrigue the audience members and to motivate them to
listen attentively for the next several minutes. There are infinite possibilities for attention-
getting devices. Some of the more common devices include using a story, a rhetorical
question, or a quotation. While any of these devices can be effective, it is important for you to
spend time strategizing, creating, and practicing the attention-getter.

Most importantly, an attention-getter should create curiosity in the minds of your listeners
and convince them that the speech will be interesting and useful. The wording of your
attention-getter should be refined and practiced. Be sure to consider the mood/tone of your
speech; determine the appropriateness of humor, emotion, aggressiveness, etc. Not only
should the words get the audiences attention, but your delivery should be smooth and
confident to let the audience know that you are a skilled speaker who is prepared for this
speech.

THESIS STATEMENT

The thesis statement is crucial for clearly communicating your topic and purpose to the
audience. Be sure to make the statement clear, concise, and easy to remember. Deliver it to
the audience and use verbal and nonverbal illustrations to make it stand out.

Example Text:
Today I'd like to tell you about the Underground Railroad.

AUDIENCE ADAPTATION

In your introduction, you need to adapt your speech to your audience. To keep audience
members interested, tell them why your topic is important to them. To accomplish this task,
you need to undertake audience analysis prior to creating the speech. Figure out who your
audience members are, what things are important to them, what their biases may be, and what
types of subjects/issues appeal to them. In the context of this class, some of your audience
analysis is provided for you--most of your listeners are college students, so it is likely that
they place some value on education, most of them are probably not bathing in money, and
they live in Colorado. Consider these traits when you determine how to adapt to your
audience.

As you research and write your speech, take note of references to issues that should be
important to your audience. Include statements about aspects of your speech that you think
will be of special interest to the audience in the introduction. By accomplishing this task, you
give your listeners specific things with which they can identify. Audience adaptation will be
included throughout the speech, but an effective introduction requires meaningful adaptation
of the topic to the audience.

You need to find ways to get the members of your audience involved early in the speech.
CREDIBILITY STATEMENT

The credibility statement establishes your qualifications as a speaker. You should come up
with reasons why you are someone to listen to on this topic. Why do you have special
knowledge or understanding of this topic? What can the audience learn from you that they
couldn't learn from someone else? Credibility statements can refer to your extensive research
on a topic, your life-long interest in an issue, your personal experience with a thing, or your
desire to better the lives of your listeners by sifting through the topic and providing the
crucial information.

PREVIEW
The preview informs the audience about the speech's main points. You should preview every
main body point and identify each as a separate piece of the body. The purpose of this
preview is to let the audience members prepare themselves for the flow of the speech;
therefore, you should word the preview clearly and concisely. Attempt to use parallel
structure for each part of the preview and avoid delving into the main point; simply tell the
audience what the main point will be about in general.

Use the preview to briefly establish your structure and then move on. Let the audience get a
taste of how you will divide the topic and fulfill the thesis and then move on. 

TRANSITION TO THE BODY

After you accomplish the first five components of the introduction, you should make a clean
transition to the body of the speech. Use this transition to signal a change and prepare the
audience to begin processing specific topical information. You should round out the
introduction, reinforce the excitement and interest that you created in the audience during the
introduction, and slide into the first main body point.

2.BODY
Strategic organization helps increase the clarity and effectiveness of your speech. Four key
issues are discussed in this section:

 Main Ideas
 Organizational Patterns
 Connective Devices
 References to Outside Research

MAIN IDEAS
Once you settle on a topic, you should decide which aspects of that topic are of greatest
importance for your speech. These aspects become your main points. While there is no rule
about how many main points should appear in the body of the speech, most students go with
three main points. You must have at least two main points; aside from that rule, you should
select your main points based on the importance of the information and the time limitations.
Be sure to include whatever information is necessary for the audience to understand your
topic. Also, be sure to synthesize the information so it fits into the assigned time frame. As
you choose your main points, try to give each point equal attention within the speech. If you
pick three main points, each point should take up roughly one-third of the body section of
your speech.
There are four basic patterns of organization for an informative speech.

 Chronological order
 Spatial order
 Causal order
 Topical order

There are four basic patterns of organization for an informative speech. You can choose any
of these patterns based on which pattern serves the needs of your speech.

CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER

A speech organized chronologically has main points oriented toward time. For example, a
speech about the Farm Aid benefit concert could have main points organized chronologically.
The first main point focuses on the creation of the event; the second main point focuses on
the planning stages; the third point focuses on the actual performance/concert; and the fourth
point focuses on donations and assistance that resulted from the entire process. In this format,
you discuss main points in an order that could be followed on a calendar or a clock.

SPATIAL ORDER

A speech organized spatially has main points oriented toward space or a directional pattern.
The Farm Aid speech's body could be organized in spatial order. The first main point
discusses the New York branch of the organization; the second main point discusses the
Midwest branch; the third main point discusses the California branch of Farm Aid. In this
format, you discuss main points in an order that could be traced on a map.

CAUSAL ORDER
A speech organized causally has main points oriented toward cause and effect. The main
points of a Farm Aid speech organized causally could look like this: the first main point
informs about problems on farms and the need for monetary assistance; the second main
point discusses the creation and implementation of the Farm Aid program. In this format, you
discuss main points in an order that alerts the audience to a problem or circumstance and then
tells the audience what action resulted from the original circumstance.

TOPICAL ORDER
A speech organized topically has main points organized more randomly by sub-topics. The
Farm Aid speech could be organized topically: the first main point discusses Farm Aid
administrators; the second main point discusses performers; the third main point discusses
sponsors; the fourth main point discusses audiences. In this format, you discuss main points
in a more random order that labels specific aspects of the topic and addresses them in
separate categories. Most speeches that are not organized chronologically, spatially, or
causally are organized topically.

3.CONCLUSION
While the conclusion should be brief and tight, it has a few specific tasks to accomplish:

 Re-assert/Reinforce the Thesis

 Review the Main Points
 Close Effectively

Take a deep breath! If you made it to the conclusion, you are on the brink of finishing. Below
are the tasks you should complete in your conclusion:

RE-ASSERT/REINFORCE THE THESIS

When making the transition to the conclusion, attempt to make clear distinctions (verbally
and nonverbally) that you are now wrapping up the information and providing final
comments about the topic. Refer back to the thesis from the introduction with wording that
calls the original thesis into memory. Assert that you have accomplished the goals of your
thesis statement and create the feeling that audience members who actively considered your
information are now equipped with an understanding of your topic. Reinforce whatever
mood/tone you chose for the speech and attempt to create a big picture of the speech.

REVIEW THE MAIN POINTS

Within the conclusion, re-state the main points of the speech. Since you have used parallel
wording for your main points in the introduction and body, don't break that consistency in the
conclusion. Frame the review so the audience will be reminded of the preview and the
developed discussion of each main point. After the review, you may want to create a
statement about why those main points fulfilled the goals of the speech.

CLOSE EFFECTIVELY
Finish strongly. When you close your speech, craft statements that reinforce the message and
leave the audience with a clear feeling about what was accomplished with your speech. You
might finalize the adaptation by discussing the benefits of listening to the speech and
explaining what you think audience members can do with the information.
Remember to maintain an informative tone for this speech. You should not persuade about
beliefs or positions; rather, you should persuade the audience that the speech was worthwhile
and useful. For greatest effect, create a closing line or paragraph that is artistic and effective.
Much like the attention-getter, the closing line needs to be refined and practiced. Your close
should stick with the audience and leave them interested in your topic. Take time to work on
writing the close well and attempt to memorize it so you can directly address the audience
and leave them thinking of you as a well-prepared, confident speaker.

CHAPTER III
CONCLUSION

3.1 CONCLUSION

When you delivered your speech you have to noticed A good informative speech conveys
accurate information to the audience in a way that is clear and that keeps the listener
interested in the topic. Achieving all three of these goals-accuracy, clarity, and interest-is the
key to your effectiveness as a speaker.
Part of being accurate is making sure that your information is current. Even if vou know a
great deal about your topic or wrote a good paper on the topic in a high school course, you
need to verify the accuracy and completeness of what you know.
In order for your listeners to benefit from your speech, you must convey your ideas in a
fashion that your audience can understand. The clarity of your speech relies on logical
organization and understandable word choices. You should not assume that something that's
obvious to you will also be obvious to the members of your audience.

3 .2 ADVISE
The suggestion that can be given in this paper is that A good informative speech conveys
accurate information to the audience in a way that is clear and that keeps the listener
interested in the topic. Achieving all three of these goals-accuracy, clarity, and interest-is the
key to your effectiveness as a speaker.

REFERENCES

Lucas, Stephen E. (2004). The art of public speaking. Boston: McGraw-

Hill.

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-communications/chapter/introduction-
to-informative-speaking/