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Music Theory Quick Facts Sheet
Music Theory Quick Facts Sheet
CADENCE TYPES
Cadence Name Identifying Characteristics
PAC V or V7 moving to I. Both chords in root position. Soprano on root of I chord.
(Perfect Authentic Cadence)
IAC V or V7 moving to I, but with either an inverted chord, or the soprano not finishing on
(Imperfect Authentic Cadence) the tonic.
HC A cadence that ends on a V chord. The V chord can be approached from a number of
(Half Cadence) other chords (I, ii, IV, V/V, etc.)
PC IV moving to I. Also known as “church” cadence. Named for the “Amen” commonly
(Plagal Cadence) used at the end of hymns.
DC A cadence that creates the expectation of going to I, but substitutes another chord
(Deceptive Cadence) instead. Common substitutes for I are: vi, IV6, VI, and occasionally IV or V/ii.
Major
Natural
Minor
Harmonic
Minor
Melodic
Minor
Pentatonic
Whole
Tone
Blues
Octatonic
(H-W)
Octatonic
(W-H)
CHORD QUALITIES
Triads
Bottom Top Outside Roman Jazz Example
Chord Type
Interval Interval Interval Numeral Symbol (key of F)
Major Triad M3 m3 P5 IV B
Dm, Dmi,
Minor Triad m3 M3 P5 vi
Dmin, D-
Seventh Chords
Chord Common Bottom Middle Top Outside Roman Jazz Example
Type Name Interval Interval Interval Interval Numeral Symbol (key of G)
Am7, Ami7,
Minor-minor 7th Minor 7th m3 M3 m3 m7 ii7
A-7
GM7, Gma7,
Major-major 7th Major 7th M3 m3 M3 M7 IM7
Gmaj7, G∆7
F#o7,
Fully diminished 7th Diminished 7th m3 m3 m3 d7 viio7
F#dim7
SAMPLE ANALYSIS
Non-Chord Tones Labeled Jazz Chords Above
E B /D E E /D A /C B7( 5) B E /G A Am7( 5) B 7 E
PT
UNT SUS