11.

2MH1 LINEAR ALGEBRA

EXAMPLES 2: VECTOR SPACES AND SUBSPACES

1. Show that:

(a) The set of vectors of the form a 0 0 is a subspace of 3;

(b) The set of vectors of the form a 1 0 is not a subspace of 3;

(c) The set of vectors of the form a 3a 2a is a subspace of 3;

(d) x y z x2 y2 z2 1 is not a subspace of 3.

2. Determine which of the following are subspaces of M22 :

a b
(a) The set of matrices of the form
c d
(b) The set of 2 x 2 matrices such that A
(c) The set of 2 x 2 matrices such that det A
where a b c and d are integers;
At where t denotes matrix transpose;
0.

3. Determine which of the following are subspaces of P3 , the space of all polynomials of degree
3 or less:

(a) The set of polynomials a0 a1 x a2 x2 a3 x3 for which a0 0;

(b) The set of polynomials a0 a1 x a2 x2 a3 x3 for which a0 a1 a2 a3 0.

4. Determine which of the following are subspaces of V , the vector space of all real valued
functions defined on :

(a) The family of all f ’s such that f 0 0;

(b) The family of all f ’s such that f 0 1;
(c) The family of all continuous functions f ;
(d) The family of all differentiable functions f .

5. Let V be a vector space. Let 0 denote the zero vector and let u denote the additive
inverse of u. Prove that

(a) 0 u 0 for all u V.

(b) u u for all u V and .
(c) If u v where 0 and u v V , then u v.