6. Lihatcontohsoalpada diktat halaman 110-115.

Hitungulangbilahargavaksinbukan $10
tetapi $50. Masihkahakandilakukanvaksinasi ?Kenapa ?
JAWAB :
 Cost per flu shot = $50
 Treatment cost per flu = $250
 Productivity loss from sick leave = $ 4000
 Employess = 1000
 W/o Vaccine = 50 have flu, 3 absence
 W/ Vaccine = 30 have flu, 1 absence
- Net Benefit
= Benefit - Cost
= [(number of flu avoided) x $250 + (number of absence avoided) x $4.000] – [$50
x 1000]
= [(50-30) x $250 + (3-1) x $4.000] – [$50 x 1000]
= [(20 x $250) + (2 x $4.000)] – [$50.000]
= [$5000 + $8000] - $50.000
= $13.000 - $50.000
= -$37.000 < 0
Kesimpulan:Tidak, karenatidakada benefit yang
diperolehsehinggatidakperludilakukanvaksinasi
Analyze the data
- ICER for vaccine A (Vs Do nothing)
ΔC = (Vaccine Cost + Treatment Cost) – (Treating Cost)
= (50 x 1000 + 30 x 250) – (50 x 250)
= (50.000 + 7.500) – 12.500
= 57.500 – 12.500
= 45.000

ΔE = Death avoided = (3-1) = 2

Jadi, ICER (A) = $45.000 / 2 = $22.500 (Per live saved)
- ICER for vaccine B (Vs Do nothing)
 ΔC = (Vaccine Cost + Treatment Cost) – (Treating Cost)
= (20 x 1000 + 5 x 250) – (50 x 250)
= (20.000 + 1.250) – 12.500
= 21.250 – 12.500
= 8.750
ΔE = Death avoided = (3-0) = 3
Jadi, ICER (A) = $8.750 / 3 = $2.916 (Per live saved)

Calculate ICER
- ICER for Vaccine A (Vs do nothing)
ΔC = 45.000
ΔE = (Quality adjusted life years saved from death avoided) + (QALY saved from
mumps avoided)
= (2 x 50) + (50) x (50-30) x 0,8
= 100 + 1000 x 0,8
= 900
Jadi, ICER (A) = $45.000/900 = $500 (Per QALY saved)
- ICER for Vaccine A (Vs do nothing)
ΔC = 8750
ΔE = (Quality adjusted life years saved from death avoided) + (QALY saved from
mumps avoided)
= (3 x 50) + (50) x (50-5) x 0,8
= 150 + 2.250 x 0,8
= 1950
Jadi, ICER (A) = $8.750/1950 = $4,48 (Per QALY saved)
ICER (A) = $500 > ICER (B) = $4,48
Jadidipakaivaksin B karenaVaksin A lebihmahal.

7. Lihatcontohsoalpada diktat halaman 111. Hitungulangbilahargavaksin $10

danvaksinbarubukan $20 tetapi $30. Masihkahakanmengganggivaksin lama
denganbaru ?Kenapa ?
 JAWAB :
 Cost per flu shot = $10
 Treatment cost per flu = $250
 Productivity loss from sick leave = $ 4000
 Employess = 1000
 W/o Vaccine = 50 have flu, 3 absence
 W/ Vaccine = 30 have flu, 1 absence
- Net Benefit
= Benefit - Cost
= [(number of flu avoided) x $250 + (number of absence avoided) x $4.000] – [$50
x 1000]
= [(50-30) x $250 + (3-1) x $4.000] – [$10 x 1000]
= [(20 x $250) + (2 x $4.000)] – [$10.000]
= [$5000 + $8000] - $10.000
= $13.000 - $10.000
= $3.000 > 0
 New Vaccine Flu Cost = $30
 W/ new Vaccine = 5 have flu, no absence from work
- Net Benefit
= Benefit - Cost
= [(number of flu avoided) x $250 + (number of absence avoided) x $4.000] – [$50
x 1000]
= [(50-5) x $250 + (3-0) x $4.000] – [$30 x 1000]
= [(45 x $250) + (3 x $4.000)] – [$30.000]
= [$11.250 + $12.000] - $30.000
= $23.250 - $30.000
= -$6.750 < 0
Jadi, NB (New) < NB (Old). DipakaiVaksin (Old)
8. Lihatsoal di diktat halaman 87-89, dimana drug Abukan $220.000 tapi $200.000
dannyawaterselamatkan (Live saved) bukan 78 tapi 70. Pada drug B tetap $20.000 tapi
Life Saved bukan 78 tetapi 80.
a. Berapa untung atau rugi bila memilih Drug A atau Drug B ?
JAWAB :
1) Untuk menyelamatkan pemakai obat A dibutuhkanbiaya = $200.000/70 = $2857,1
untuk tiap orang terselamatkan
2) Untuk menyelamatkan pemakai obat B dibutuhkan biaya = $20.000/80 = $250 untuk
tiap orang terselamatkan
3) Pilihan adalah obat B karena lebih murah per orang terselamatkan.
4) ICER = Incremental Cost / Incremental effectiveness
= $200.000 - $20.000 / 70 – 80
= $180.000 / (-10)
= -$18.000