ausmif;ok;H pmtkyrf w

d q
f uf
þtwef;wGif *DwtEkynmbmom&yftaMumif;ESihf ,if;bmom&yfukd vufawGU
b0wGif tok;H csyrHk sm;udk ydrk ekd m;vnfEikd af prnfh todynm? uRr;f usirf t I opfrsm; zGUH NzKd ;vm&ef
q&m? twef;azmfrsm;ESit hf wl tzGUJ vdu k vf yk if ef;rsm; vkyaf qmifoif,rl nf/ xdt
Yk jyif jyóem
tcuftcJrsm;udk ajz&Si;f wwf&efEiS hf pOf;pm;awG;ac:zefw;D wwf&ef avhvmoif,rl nf/ tcsKd U
pmoifcsed rf sm;wGif tzGUJ vduk v f yk af qmifMuNy;D tcsKd Upmoifcsed rf sm;wGif twef;vdu k f odrYk [kwf
wpfO;D csi;f avhvmoif,Ml urnfjzpfonf/

oif,&l rnfh taMumif;t&mrsm;

þq|rwef;? *DwtEkynmbmom&yfausmif;ok;H pmtkyw
f iG f atmufyg t"du
taMumif;t&mrsm; yg0ifonf/
tcef; (1) tqdyk nm
tcef; (2) tuynm
tcef; (3) twD;ynm

oif,Ml u&rnfh enf;vrf;rsm;

oifcef;pmtm;vk;H wGif wuf<upGmyg0ifoif,El ikd &f ef taxmuftuljyKrnfh C-5vk;H udk
ta&;ygaom 21&mpkuRr;f usirf rI sm;tjzpf q&mu tok;H jyKoifMum;ay;rnf/
yl;aygif;aqmif&u
G jf cif; (Collaboration) - oifcef;pmrsm; oif,&l mwGif ausmif;om;?
ausmif;olrsm;onf twef;azmfrsm;ESit hf yk pf zk UGJ Ny;D tawG;tac:rsm; rQa0jcif;?
tajzrsm; twl&mS azGjcif;wdu Yk kd vkyaf qmifrnf/
qufo, G af jymqdjk cif; (Communication) - bmompum;oifcef;pmrsm;wGio f mru
bmom&yftm;vk;H wGif oifcef;pmrsm;udk a&;jcif;? zwfjcif;? ajymjcif;? em;axmifjcif;ESihf
EIwjf zifh qufo, G af jymqdjk cif;? ud,
k t
f rlt&mjzifh qufo,
G af jymqdjk cif;ponfh
uRr;f usirf rI sm; zHUG NzKd ;vmrnf/
av;eufpmG qef;ppfa0zefjcif;ESijhf yóemajz&Si;f jcif; (Critical Thinking and Problem
Solving) - ajz&Si;f &ef pdw0 f ifpm;zG,jf yóemrsm;\ tajzrsm;udk &SmazGjcif;ESihf
wifjyjcif;? trSm;rsm;udk &SmazGjcif;ESijhf yKjyifjcif;wdYk jyKvyk &f vdrrhf nf/
wDxiG zf efw;D jcif; (Creativity and Innovation) - abmifcwfxm;onfh tajctaexJrS
xGuíf awG;ac:jcif;onf ta&;ygaom 21&mpkuRr;f usirf w I pfcjk zpfonf/ tawG;
tac:opfrsm;&&S&d ef? enf;vrf;opfrsm;jzifh jyóemrsm;ajz&Si;f &ef ausmif;om;?
ausmif;olrsm;udk tm;ay;rnf/
 EikdifoH m;aumi;fjzpjfci;f (Citizenship) - Eikdifo H m;aumi;fjzpafp&ef ausmi;fvrlI
tzUJGtpn;fwiGf wu<fupmGyg0iv f ykafqmijfci;f? w&m;rQwjci;f? oabmxm;
uv JG rJGaIjz&iS;fjci;fwu
Ykd kd avu
h siahfy;rn/f

pmoiEfpSt
f q;HkwiGf o&do
dS mG;Ny;D vykafqmiEfikdrfn&hfv'rfsm;

q|rwe;f? *wD tEyknmbmom&yafusmi;fo;Hkpmtyku f kd oi,

f Nly;Daomtcg ausmi;fom;?
ausmi;forlsm;onf atmuyfgwuYkd kd vykafqmiEfikdrfn/f

tce;f (1) tqykdnmbmom&y\ f oi, f rl&Iv'rfsm;rmS r[m*w D ocDsi;fEiShf jrerfmopHOf

umvay:ocDsi;fwu Ykd kd jrwEf;kdwezf;kdxm; wwv f mrn/f jrerfmt h ajccH pn;f0g;ukd uikdw f ,G wf ;Dcwf
wwrfn/f ]]ypkO;fawmio f BHuKd;}} (xwH smaw&iS)f ocDsi;f\ t"ydmÜ,u f kd o&dedSm;vnNfy;D opHOf
pn;f0g;reSu f epfmGjzihf cpHm;oq D wkd wrfn/f ]]jrerfmjyno f m;}} ocDsi;f\ t"ydmÜ,u f kd o&dedSm;vnf
Ny;D opHOpfn;f0g;reSu f epfmG cpHm;oq D kd o½ykafzmw f wrfn/f oauw F ukd Muní hf reSu f epfmG
½wG q f w
kd wrfn/f
tce;f (2) tuynmbmom&y\ f oi, f rl&Iv'rfsm;rmS tajccu H Asmvw G f uuu G rfsm;ukd
vuafwUGavu h siNhfy;D jrwEf;kdwezf;kdxm;wwv f mrn/f Mumzwv f eSt
f uEiShf MumqpcfsKd;tu\
acgi;f? cg;? ajc? vu?f rsuEfmSvyI&fmS;rrIsm;ukd &iS;fjyEikdNfy;D pn;f0g;reSu f epfmG pepw f us ujy
wwrfn/f jrerfmh½;kd&mtursm;EiShf a'otvu kd f ½;kd&mtursm;ukd tcsKd;tpm;useí pn;f0g;
EiSt hf nD ujywwrfn/f
tce;f (3) tw;Dynmbmom&y\ f oi, f rl&Iv'rfsm;rmS tajcc*Hw D oauw F oabm
w&m;ukd o&d½dSw G qf EkdikdNfy;D v, G u f alom aw;uAsmrsm;ukd yavjGzihf opHOrfeSu f epfmG w;Drw I w f wf
rn/f &rS;f½;kdru t;kdpno f H aw;ocDsi;fEiShf ausmi;faumipfD aw;ocDsi;fwu Ykd kd yavjGzihf pn;fcsuf
nn D D rw I w
f wrfn/f ½;kd&iS;faom aw;omG;wpcfu k kd oauw F tm;Muní hf yavjGzirhfw I w f wrfn/f
jrerfmh½;kd&m t;kdpn0fikd;f\ orikd;faMumi;fEiShf zUJGpn;fyrkHsm;taMumi;fukd o&dedSm;vnrfn/f
ausmi;fo;kHpmtyk\ f oicfe;fpmrsm;wiGf av;axmiu hf uG EfiShf azmjfyxm;aom t"u d
tcsurfsm;onf oi\ f avv h moi, f rltI wu G f tEpScfsKyf (ta&;Bu;Daomtcsurfsm;) ukd
vr;fñeTafzmjfyay;xm;on/f
 rmwdum
tcef; oifcef;pm pmrsufEmS
1/ tqdyk nm

1-1/ ]]ykpOf;awmifoBH uKd ;}} (xHwsmaw&Si)f oDcsi;f 1

1-1-1/ jrefrmhtajccH pnf;0g;wD;cwfyu kH kd avhvmjcif; 1
1-1-2/ ]]ykpOf;awmifoBH uKd ;}} (xHwsmaw&Si)f oDcsi;f \t"dymÜ ,fukd avhvmjcif; 3
1-1-3/ ]]ykpOf;awmifoBH uKd ;}} (xHwsmaw&Si)f oDcsi;f udek m;axmifcpH m;jcif; 5
1-1-4/ ]]ykpOf;awmifoBH uKd ;}} (xHwsmaw&Si)f oDcsi;f tyd'k f (1) ESihf tyd'k f (2) udk 6
toHaetoHxm; pnf;0g;rSeu f efpmG jzifh cHpm;csux
f nfí h oDqjkd cif;
1-1-5/ ]]ykpOf;awmifoBH uKd ;}} (xHwsmaw&Si)f oDcsi;f tyd'k f (3) ESihf tyd'k f (4) udk 7
toHaetoHxm; pnf;0g;rSeu f efpmG jzifh cHpm;csux
f nfí h oDqjkd cif;
1-1-6/ ]]ykpOf;awmifoBH uKd ;}} (xHwsmaw&Si)f oDcsi;f tyd'k f (5) ESihf tyd'k f (6) udk 8
toHaetoHxm; pnf;0g;rSeu f efpmG jzifh cHpm;csux
f nfí h oDqjkd cif;
1-1-7/ ]]ykpOf;awmifoBH uKd ;}} (xHwsmaw&Si)f oDcsi;f tyd'k f (7) ESihf tyd'k f (8) udk 8
toHaetoHxm; pnf;0g;rSeu f efpmG jzifh cHpm;csux
f nfí h oDqjkd cif;
1-1-8/ ]]ykpOf;awmifoBH uKd ;}} (xHwsmaw&Si)f oDcsi;f tprS tqH;k udk 9
toHaetoHxm; pnf;0g;rSeu f efpmG jzifh cHpm;csux
f nfí h oDqjkd cif;

1-2/ ]]jrefrmjynfom;}} oDcsi;f 10

1-2-1/ ]]jrefrmjynfom;}} oDcsi;f \t"dymÜ ,fuakd vhvmjcif; 10
1-2-2/ ]]jrefrmjynfom;}} oDcsi;f udk toHaetoHxm; pnf;0g; rSeu f efpmG jzifh 13
cHpm;csux f nfí
h oDqjkd cif; ESihf tyd'k f (1) ESihf (2) udk 'dk a& rD
oauFwjzifh oDqjkd cif;
1-2-3/ ]]jrefrmjynfom;}} oDcsi;f udk o½kyaf zmfjcif; 14

2/ tuynm

2-1/ MumzwfveS t
f u 16
2-1-1/ MumzwfveS t
f u (nmajcnmvuf) 16
2-1-2/ MumzwfveS t
f u (b,fajcb,fvuf) 18
2-1-3/ MumzwfveS t
f u (nmajcnmvufEiS hf b,fajcb,fvuf) 19
 rmwdum
tcef; oifcef;pm pmrsufEmS
2-2/ MumqpfcsK;d tu 20
2-2-1/ MumqpfcsK;d tu (nmajcnmvuf) 20
2-2-2/ MumqpfcsK;d tu (b,fajcb,fvuf) 22
2-2-3/ MumqpfcsK;d tu (nmajcnmvufEiS hf b,fajcb,fvuf) 23

3/ twD;ynm

3-1/ tajccHyavGoifcef;pm 25
3-1-1/ *DwoauFw 25
Beat 25
Bar Line 25
xyfausmt h rSwtf om; (Repeat Sign) 25
oauFwrsm;\wefz;kd (Value of Notes) 26
&yfem;csuwf efz;kd (Value of Rest) 27
 
28
Time Signature 29
Tonic Solfa Note 29
Tonic Solfa Notes rsm;udk azmfjyjcif; 30
3-1-2/ yavGrw
I jf cif; 30
oauFwwefz;kd rsm;udk yavGjzifah vhusijhf cif; 31
oauFw Note rsm;ESihf Rest rsm;udk wGíJ avhusijhf cif; 31
3-1-3/ *DwoauFwrsm;udk yavGjzifah vhusijhf cif; 32
(yavGvufaygufavhusijhf cif;)

3-2/ ]]&Sr;f ½d;k ru td;k pnfo}H } oDcsi;f 36

3-2-1/ ]]&Sr;f ½d;k ru td;k pnfo}H } oDcsi;f \t"dymÜ ,fukd avhvmjcif;? 36
toHaetoHxm; pnf;0g;rSeu f efpmG jzifh oDqjkd cif;ESihf 'dk a& rD
oauFwjzifo h q D jkd cif;
3-2-2/ ]]&Sr;f ½d;k ru td;k pnfo}H } oDcsi;f udk yavGjzifh pnf;csun f n D rD w
I jf cif; 39
 rmwdum
tcef; oifcef;pm pmrsufEmS
3-3/ ]]ausmif;aumifp}D } oDcsi;f 40
3-3-1/ ]]ausmif;aumifp}D } oDcsi;f \t"dymÜ ,fukd avhvmjcif;? 40
toHaetoHxm; pnf;0g;rSeu f efpmG jzifh oDqjkd cif;ESihf
'dk a& rD oauFwjzifh oDqjkd cif;
3-3-2/ ]]ausmif;aumifp}D } oDcsi;f udk yavGjzifh pnf;csun f nD rD w
I jf cif; 43

3-4/ taxGaxG A[kow k 43

3-4-1/ td;k pnf0ikd ;f 43
td;k pnfw&l , d m pwifay:aygufvmyHk 44
td;k pnfw&l , d mudk acwftqufquf toH;k jyKykH 44
td;k pnf0ikd ;f yg0ifzUJG pnf;yHk 45
*kP, f zl ,
G &f m jrefrmht;kd pnf 46
ausmi;fo;kHpmtykf *w
D tEyknm q|rwe;f

tce;f(1)
tqdkynm
e'dge;f
tce;f (1) tqykdnmwiGf q|rwe;fausmi;fom;rsm; avu h sio hf i,
f &letf wu G f
]]ypkO;fawmio f BHuKd;}} (xw H smaw&iS)f ocDsi;f EiShf ]]jrerfmjyno f m;}}ocDsi;fwYkd yg0iyfgon/f
rvl we;fwiGf aw;uAsmrsm;ukd opHOrfeSu f epfmG oq D w kd wjfy;D o&ykafzmjfci;fEiShf *w D oauw F
&wG qf jkdci;fwu Ykd kd oi, f clNhJy;Djzpo
f n/f
]]ypkO;fawmio f BHuKd;}} (xwH smaw&iS)f oDcsif;\t"ydmÜ,u f kd o&dedSm;vnNfy;D opHOpfn;f0g;
reSuf epfmGjzihf oq D wkd wrfn/f ]]jrerfmjyno f m;}} ocDsi;f\ t"ydmÜ,u f okd &drdSn/f oauw F ukd
Muní hf reSu f epfmG&w G qf w kd wNfy;D opHOpfn;f0g;reSu f epfmG cpHm;oq D kd o½ykafzmw f wrfn/f
r[m*w D ocDsi;fEiShf jrerfmopHOu f mvay:ocDsi;fwu Ykd kd jrwEf;kdwezf;kdxm;wwv f mrn/f
1-1/ ]]ypkO;fawmio
f BHuKd;}} (xw
H smaw&iS)f ocDsi;f
1-1-1/ jrerfmt
h ajccH pn;f0g;w;Dcwyfu kH kd avvh mjci;f
pn;f0g;onf jrerfmh *w
D tq?kd tu? tw;D e,yf,f 3 &yv f ;kHwiGf tajccuH sí
tveGtf a&;Bu;Daom csedu
f ukd w
f &l,
d mjzpo f n/f jrerfmrw I ;D0ikd;frsm;wiGf pn;f0g;w;Dcwo f tl m;
tw;Dynm&iSt f jzpf owrfwS Mfuon/f

pn;f0g; w&l,
d mtm; uikdw
f ,
G t
f o;kHjyKykH
pn;f0g; w&l, d mtm; q&muuikdw f ,
G jfyyu
kH kd aocsmpmG Mun½hfaIvvh myg/ pn;fEiS0hfg;
uikdw
f ,
G yfrkHmS atmuyfgtwikd;fjzpo f n/f
pn;fukd nmvujfzihf uikdí f 0g;ukd b,v f ujfzihf uikdw
f , G &frn/f
pn;fukd uikd&fmwiGf pn;fjcr;fEpScft
k euf pn;fjcr;fwpcf&kBdSuKd;ukd vuñ
f Kd§;? vurfEpScfjkzihf
zx
d m;&rn/f

1
ausmif;oH;k pmtkyf *DwtEkynm q|rwef;

xdzk x
d m;onfah tmufrS BuKd ;udk b,fvufjzifuh ikd í
f nmvufoef;ESifh nmvufo<l u,fukd
vuf0&J pf &pfNy;D nmvufcv,fay:odw Yk ifum tjyifbufoYkd xkwx f m;&rnf/ BuKd ;wdyk gu
nmvufoef;rygawmhbJ nmvufo<l u,fukd vuf0&J pf &pfí nmvufcv,fay:odw Yk ifum
tjyifbufoYkd xkwx f m;&rnf/
vufcv,f? vufo<l u,fEiS hf vufoef;wdjYk zifh vIy&f mS ;½du
k cf wf&rnf/
0g;udk b,fvufcv,f odrYk [kwf b,fvufñKd§ ;? b,fvufrwdUk jzifh n§yí f wD;cwf&
rnf/
pnf;0g;avhusif&h ef

pnf; eJY 0g; pnf;eJY

0g; pnf;eJY 0g; pnf;eJY

0g; pnf;eJY 0g; av; pnf;eJY

0g; pnf;eJY 0g; av; pnf;eJY

= pnf;
= 0g;
0g;

pnf;ESi0hf g;avhusi&hf efocD si;f tm; q&mu pnf;0g;wD;cwfí oDqjkd yonfukd aocsmpGm
*½kwpdu k f Munf½h eI m;axmifyg/
pnf;? 0g; wD;í pmom;udk q&mESit hf wl toHaetoHxm;rSeu f efpmG 3 Burd cf efY avhusihf
oDqykd g/
rdrwd u
Ykd ,
kd w
f ikd f toHaetoHxm;rSeu f efpmG wD;cwfoq
D ykd g/
t"dutcsufrsm;
 vuf0&J pf ywfonft h cg pnf;wGi&f adS om BuKd ;\ twdt k &Snaf y:rlwnfí vufo<l u,f
odrYk [kwf vufcv,fxd tqifajyovdk jyKvyk Ef ikd o f nf/
 pnf;0g; wl&, d mr&Syd gu nmvufjzifh vufazsmufw;D jcif;onf pnf;? b,fvufjzifh
cHu
k kd ½du
k jf cif;onf 0g; [k rSwo
f m;Ny;D jyKvyk w f ;D cwfyg/
 pnf;ESihf 0g;udk vufjzifh wD;cwf&ef cufcyJ gu ajcaxmuf? ycH;k ponfwu Ykd kd toH;k jyKyg/
 pnf;wpfcsu?f 0g;wpfcsuf wD;cwf&aom pnf;udk 0g;vwfpnf; [kac:onf/

2
ausmif;oH;k pmtkyf *DwtEkynm q|rwef;

avhusif&h efvyk if ef;rsm;

à tzGUJ ESpzf UJG zGUJ í wpfzUJG csi;f u pnf;0g;avhusi&hf efocD si;f udk oDqNkd y;D uset
f zGUJ u pnf;0g;
wD;cwfyg/ þvkyif ef;pOfukd tvSnu fh s jyKvyk yf g/ tcsi;f csi;f tuJjzwfyg/ tMujH yK
aqG;aEG;yg/
1-1-2/ ]]ykpOf;awmifoBH udK;}} (xHwsmaw&Si)f oDcsif;\t"dyÜm,fukd avhvmjcif;
]]ykpOf;awmifoBH uKd ;}} (xHwsmaw&Si)f oDcsi;f onf jrefrmh*w
D wGif pwifoifMum;&aom
tajccHtusq;kH BuKd ;oDcsi;f wpfy'k jf zpfNy;D 0g;vwfpnf;ESihf oDq&kd aom oDcsi;f jzpfonf/
0efBu;D ya'o&mZma&;zGUJ xm;aom &moDzUJG ? awmzGUJ aw;oDcsi;f jzpfonf/ xH? wsm? aw? 'se?Yf
'vk? xH?k awsmponfh a0g[m&rsm;onf r[m*Dw wD;vH;k wD;uGurf sm;twGuf EIwrf t I oHxu
G f
oauFwrsm;jzpfonf/

]]ykpOf;awmifoBH uKd ;}} (xHwsmaw&Si)f oDcsi;f o½kyaf zmfykH

3
ausmi;fo;kHpmtykf *w
D tEyknm q|rwe;f

]] ypkO;fawmio
f BHuKd; }} ocDsi;f

4
ausmif;oH;k pmtkyf *DwtEkynm q|rwef;

]]ykpOf;awmifoBH uKd ;}} (xHwsmaw&Si)f oDcsi;f tprStqH;k xd q&mqdjk yonf odrYk [kwf
oDcsi;f zGijfh yonfukd pmom;tm; Munfí h aocsmpGmem;axmifyg/
tyd'k f (1) ? tyd'k f (2) ? tyd'k f (3) ESihf tyd'k f (4) oDcsi;f pmom;udk Munfyh g/
q&mqdjk yonf odrYk [kwf oDcsi;f zGijhf yonfukd toHaetoHxm;ESihf pnf;0g;rSeu f efap&ef
*½kwpdu k ef m;axmifyg/
oDcsi;f pmom;udk Munf½h eI m;axmifNy;D rnfoo Ykd &d edS m;vnfonfukd tkypf zk UJG íaqG;aEG;yg/
q&mESihf tjyeftvSeaf qG;aEG;yg/
tyd'k f (5) ? tyd'k f (6) ? tyd'k f (7) ESihf tyd'k f (8) wdu
Yk kd txufygenf;twdik ;f
avhusio hf if,yl g/

t"dutcsufrsm;
 0g;vwfpnf;onf pnf;wpfcsu?f 0g;wpfcsuf wD;cwf&onf/
 ywf0ef;usi\ f obm0 tvSw&m;rsm;udk rdr\ d pdwu f ;l wGif yHak zmfcpH m;&rnhf oDcsi;f
jzpfonf/
 xH? wsm? aw? 'se?Yf 'vk? xH?k awsm ponfh a0g[m&rsm;onf r[m*Dw
wD;vH;k wD;uGurf sm;twGuf EIwrf t I oHxu G f oauFwrsm;jzpfonf/
 
   
   
  !  #$%+.
jrefrmh*w
D oDcsi;f Bu;D rsm; wD;cwf&mwGif qufvuf toH;k jyKMuonf/

avhusif&h efvyk if ef;rsm;

à ]]ykpOf;awmifoBH uKd ;}} (xHwsmaw&Si)f oDcsi;f \ t"dymÜ ,fukd rdred m;vnfonfth wdik ;f
tzGUJ vdu k af qG;aEG;í jyefvnfwifjyyg/ wpfzUJG rS aqG;aEG;aepOf uset f zGUJ rsm;u
aocsmpGmem;axmifí jznfph u G t
f MujH yKyg/ tjyeftvSef aqG;aEG;yg/

1-1-3/ ]]ykpOf;awmifoBH udK;}} (xHwsmaw&Si)f oDcsif;udk em;axmifcpH m;jcif;

]]ykpOf;awmifoBH uKd ;}} (xHwsmaw&Si)f oDcsi;f tprS tqH;k xd q&mqdjk yonf odrYk [kwf
oDcsi;f zGijfh yonfukd *½kwpdu k ef m;axmifyg/
tyd'k f (1) ? tyd'k f (2) ? tyd'k f (3) ESihf tyd'k f (4) oDcsi;f pmom;tm; q&moDqjkd yonf
odrYk [kwf oDcsi;f zGijhf yonfukd *½kwpdu k ef m;axmifyg/
rnfocYkd pH m;&onfukd tkypf zk UJG í aqG;aEG;yg/ q&mESihf tjyeftvSeaf qG;aEG;yg/
tyd'k f (5) ? tyd'k f (6) ? tyd'k f (7) ESihf tyd'k f (8) udk txufygtwdik ;f em;axmif
cHpm;aqG;aEG;yg/

5
ausmif;oH;k pmtkyf *DwtEkynm q|rwef;

t"dutcsufrsm;
 0g;vwfpnf;onf pnf;wpfcsu?f 0g;wpfcsuf wD;cwf&onf/
 ywf0ef;usi\
f obm0tvSw&m;rsm;udk rdr\ d pdwu
f ;l wGif yHak zmfcpH m;&rnhf oDcsi;f
jzpfonf/

avhusif&h efvyk if ef;rsm;

à ]]ykpOf;awmifoBH uKd ;}} (xHwsmaw&Si)f oDcsi;f \ t"dymÜ ,fukd rdred m;vnfonft h wdik ;f
tzGUJ vdu k af qG;aEG;í rnfocYkd pH m;&onfukd jyefvnfwifjyyg/ wpfzUJG rS aqG;aEG;aepOf
uset f zGUJ rsm;u aocsmpGmem;axmifí jznfph u G t
f MujH yKyg/ tjyeftvSef aqG;aEG;yg/
1-1-4/ ]]ykpOf;awmifoBH udK;}} (xHwsmaw&Si)f oDcsif; tyd'k f (1) ESihf tyd'k f (2) udk
toHaetoHxm; pnf;0g;rSeu f efpmG jzifh cHpm;csufxnfí h oDqjkd cif;
]]ykpOf;awmifoBH uKd ;}} (xHwsmaw&Si)f oDcsi;f \ t"dymÜ ,fukd cHpm;od&NdS y;D onft h cg
tyd'k f (1) ESihf tyd'k f (2) oDcsi;f pmom;udk toHaetoHxm;rSeu f efpmG oDqw kd wf&ef avhvm
oif,&l rnf jzpfonf/
]]ykpOf;awmifoBH uKd ;}} (xHwsmaw&Si)f oDcsi;f tm; q&mu pnf;0g; wD;cwfí oDqjkd yonf
odrYk [kwf oDcsi;f zGijhf yonfukd toHaetoHxm;ESihf pnf;0g; rSeu f efap&ef *½kpu kd íf
em;axmifyg/
]]ykpOf;awmifoBH uKd ;}} (xHwsmaw&Si)f oDcsi;f tyd'k f (1) udk q&mu pnf;0g; wD;cwfí
oDqjkd yonf odrYk [kwf oDcsi;f zGijhf yonfukd *½kwpdu k f em;axmifyg/
oDcsi;f pmom;udk Munfí h q&mESit hf wl 3 Burd cf efY pnf;0g; wD;cwfí avhusio hf q
D ykd g/
rdrwd u
Ykd ,
kd w
f ikd f pnf;0g;wD;cwfí avhusio fh qD ykd g/
txufygtwdik ;f tyd'k f (2) udk oif,al vhusiyhf g/
oDcsi;f tyd'k f (1) ESihf (2) udk rdrw
d u Ykd ,
kd w
f ikd f pnf;0g; wD;cwfí avhusio hf q
D ykd g/
t"dutcsufrsm;
 0g;vwfpnf;onf pnf;wpfcsu?f 0g;wpfcsuf wD;cwf&onf/
 yxryd'k o f nf 0g;½du k cf suwf iG f pwifoq D &kd onf/
 tyd'k f (2) &Sd 'vk udk oDqo kd nfth cg 0g;½du k cf suu
f sNy;D onft
h csed w
f iG f pwifoq D &kd Ny;D
' onf 0g;½du k cf suf ESihf pnf;½du k cf suf Mum;wGi&f í dS vk onf xdpk nf;½du k cf suwf iG f
&So
d nf/

' vk- ' vk- xHk- 'sefY- 'sefY-

 awmyifawmvH;k ESihf ESUH ygvdaYk v; Mum;wGif 0g; wpfcsuef m;onfukd owdjyK oDqykd g/
 ywf0ef;usi\ f awmawmifa&ajr obm0tvSw&m;rsm;udk rdr\ d pdwu f ;l wGif
yHak zmfcpH m;&rnhf oDcsi;f jzpfonf/

6
ausmif;oH;k pmtkyf *DwtEkynm q|rwef;

avhusif&h efvyk if ef;rsm;

à tzGUJ ESpzf UJG zGUJ í wpfzUJG csi;f u ]]ykpOf;awmifoBH uKd ;}} (xHwsmaw&Si)f oDcsi;f tyd'k f (1) ESihf
(2) tm; toHaetoHxm;rSeu f efpmG tjyeftvSef tvSnu fh s oDqykd g/ wpfzUJG u oDqkd
aepOf uset f zGUJ u pnf;0g; wD;cwfay;yg/ tcsi;f csi;f tjyeftvSef tuJjzwfyg/
tMujH yKyg/ ulno D q
D ykd g/
1-1-5/ ]]ykpOf;awmifoBH udK;}} (xHwsmaw&Si)f oDcsif; tyd'k f (3) ESihf tyd'k f (4) udk
toHaetoHxm; pnf;0g;rSeu f efpmG jzifh cHpm;csufxnfí h oDqjkd cif;
tyd'k f (3) ESihf tyd'k f (4) oDcsi;f pmom;udk toHaetoHxm;rSeu f efpmG oDqw kd wf&ef
avhvmoif,&l rnf jzpfonf/
]]ykpOf;awmifoBH uKd ;}} (xHwsmaw&Si)f oDcsi;f tyd'k f (3) udk q&mu pnf;0g;wD;cwfí
oDqjkd yonf odrYk [kwf oDcsi;f zGijhf yonfukd *½kwpdu k f em;axmifyg/
oDcsi;f pmom;udk Munfí h q&mESit hf wl 3 Burd cf efY pnf;0g; wD;cwfí avhusio hf q D ykd g/
rdrwd uYkd ,
kd w
f ikd f pnf;0g; wD;cwfí avhusio fh qD ykd g/
txufygtwdik ;f tyd'k f (4) udk avhusio hf if,yl g/
oDcsi;f tyd'k f (3) ESihf (4) udk rdrw
d u Ykd ,
kd w
f ikd f pnf;0g; wD;cwfí avhusio hf q
D ykd g/

t"dutcsufrsm;
 0g;vwfpnf;onf pnf;wpfcsu?f 0g;wpfcsuf wD;cwf&onf/
 tyd'k f (3) &Sd xufpi,f aumif;uif onf pnf;½du
k cf suw
f iG f pwifoq
D &kd onf/

xuf- p- i,f aumif;- uif

 tyd'k f (3) ESihf tyd'k f (4) wdw Yk iG f pnf;0g; &yfem;csurf sm;ESihf toH&edS q
f q
JG &kd aom
pum;vH;k rsm;ü pnf;csuEf iS hf 0g;csurf sm;udk owdjyKyg/
 ywf0ef;usi\ f awmawmifa&ajr obm0 tvSw&m;rsm;udk rdr\ d pdwu f ;l wGif
yHak zmfcpH m;&rnhf oDcsi;f jzpfonf/

avhusif&h efvyk if ef;rsm;

à tzGUJ ESpzf UJG zGUJ í wpfzUJG csi;f u ]]ykpOf;awmifoBH uKd ;}} (xHwsmaw&Si)f oDcsi;f tyd'k f (3) ESihf
(4) tm; toHaetoHxm;rSeu f efpmG tjyeftvSef tvSnu fh s oDqykd g/ wpfzUJG u
oDqakd epOf uset f zGUJ u pnf; 0g; wD;cwfay;yg/ tcsi;f csi;f tjyeftvSef tuJjzwfyg/
tMujH yKyg/ ulno D q
D ykd g/

7
ausmif;oH;k pmtkyf *DwtEkynm q|rwef;

1-1-6/ ]]ykpOf;awmifoBH udK;}} (xHwsmaw&Si)f oDcsif; tyd'k f (5) ESihf tyd'k f (6) udk
toHaetoHxm; pnf;0g;rSeu f efpmG jzifh cHpm;csufxnfí h oDqjkd cif;
tyd'k f (5) ESihf tyd'k f (6) oDcsi;f pmom;udk toHaetoHxm;rSeu f efpmG oDqw kd wf&ef
avhvmoif,&l rnf jzpfonf/
]]ykpOf;awmifoBH uKd ;}} (xHwsmaw&Si)f oDcsi;f tyd'k f (5) udk q&mu pnf;0g; wD;cwfí
oDqjkd yonf odrYk [kwf oDcsi;f zGijhf yonfukd *½kwpdu k f em;axmifyg/
oDcsi;f pmom;udk Munfí h q&mESit hf wl 3 Burd cf efY pnf;0g; wD;cwfí avhusio hf q D ykd g/
rdrwd u
Ykd ,
kd w
f ikd f pnf;0g; wD;cwfí avhusio fh qD ykd g/
txufygtwdik ;f tyd'k f (6) udk avhusio hf if,yl g/
oDcsi;f tyd'k f (5) ESihf (6) udk rdrw
d u Ykd ,
kd w
f ikd f pnf;0g; wD;cwfí avhusio hf q
D ykd g/

t"dutcsufrsm;
 0g;vwfpnf;onf pnf;wpfcsu?f 0g;wpfcsuf wD;cwf&onf/
 tyd'k f (6) &Sd tHu
Yk mav wzGzJ JG onf pnf;½du
k cf suw
f iG f pwifoq
D &kd onf/

tHkY- um- av wzGJ-

 tyd'k f (5) ESihf tyd'k f (6) wdw Yk iG f pnf;0g; &yfem;csurf sm;ESihf toH&edS q
f q
JG &kd aom
pum;vH;k rsm;ü pnf;csuEf iS hf 0g;csurf sm;udk owdjyKyg/
 ywf0ef;usi\ f awmawmifa&ajr obm0tvSw&m;rsm;udk rdr\ d pdwu f ;l wGif
yHak zmfcpH m; &rnho
f cD si;f jzpfonf/

avhusif&h efvyk if ef;rsm;

à tzGUJ ESpzf UJG zGUJ í wpfzUJG csi;f u ]]ykpOf;awmifoBH uKd ;}} (xHwsmaw&Si)f oDcsi;f tyd'k f (5) ESihf
(6) tm; toHaetoHxm;rSeu f efpmG tjyeftvSef tvSnu fh soqD ykd g/ wpfzUJG u
oDqakd epOf uset f zGUJ u pnf;0g;wD;cwfay;yg/ tcsi;f csi;f tjyeftvSef tuJjzwfyg/
tMujH yKyg/ ulno D qD ykd g/
1-1-7/ ]]ykpOf;awmifoBH udK;}} (xHwsmaw&Si)f oDcsif; tyd'k f (7) ESihf tyd'k f (8) udk
toHaetoHxm; pnf;0g;rSeu f efpmG jzifh cHpm;csufxnfí h oDqjkd cif;
tyd'k f (7) ESihf tyd'k f (8) oDcsi;f pmom;udk toHaetoHxm; rSeu f efpmG oDqw kd wf&ef
avhvmoif,&l rnf jzpfonf/
]]ykpOf;awmifoBH uKd ;}} (xHwsmaw&Si)f oDcsi;f tyd'k f (7) udk q&mu pnf;0g;wD;cwfí
oDqjkd yonf odrYk [kwf oDcsi;f zGijhf yonfukd aocsmpGmem;axmifyg/
oDcsi;f pmom;udk Munfí h q&mESit hf wl 3 Burd cf efY pnf;0g; wD;cwfí avhusio hf q D ykd g/
rdrwd u
Ykd ,
kd w
f ikd f pnf;0g;wD;cwfí avhusio fh q
D ykd g/

8
ausmif;oH;k pmtkyf *DwtEkynm q|rwef;

txufygtwdik ;f tyd'k f (8) udk avhusio hf if,yl g/

oDcsi;f tyd'k f (7) ESihf (8) udk rdrw
d u
Ykd ,
kd w
f ikd f pnf;0g;wD;cwfí avhusio
hf q
D ykd g/
t"dutcsufrsm;
 0g;vwfpnf;onf pnf;wpfcsu?f 0g;wpfcsuf wD;cwf&onf/
 ywf0ef;usi\ f awmawmifa&ajr obm0tvSw&m;rsm;udk rdr\ d pdwu f ;l wGif yHak zmf
cHpm;&rnho f cD si;f jzpfonf/
 pmoifcsed f (1) rS (6) txd yg0ifaom t"dutcsurf sm;udk owdjyKí oDqakd vhusihf
Mu&rnfjzpfonf/

avhusif&h efvyk if ef;rsm;

à tzGUJ ESpzf UJG zGUJ í wpfzUJG csi;f u ]]ykpOf;awmifoBH uKd ;}} (xHwsmaw&Si)f oDcsi;f tyd'k f (7)
ESihf tyd'k f (8) tm; toHaetoHxm;rSeu f efpmG tjyeftvSef tvSnu fh s oDqykd g/
wpfzUJG u oDqakd epOf uset f zGUJ u pnf; 0g; wD;cwfay;yg/ tcsi;f csi;f tjyeftvSef
tuJjzwfyg/ tMujH yKyg/ ulno D q D ykd g/
1-1-8/ ]]ykpOf;awmifoBH udK;}} (xHwsmaw&Si)f oDcsif; tprS tqH;k udk toHaetoHxm;
pnf;0g;rSeu f efpmG jzifh cHpm;csufxnfíh oDqjkd cif;
]]ykpOf;awmifoBH uKd ;}} (xHwsmaw&Si)f oDcsi;f tprS tqH;k udk toHaetoHxm;rSeu f efpmG
oDqwkd wf&ef avhvmoif,&l rnf jzpfonf/
]]ykpOf;awmifoBH uKd ;}} (xHwsmaw&Si)f oDcsi;f tm; q&mu pnf;0g;wD;cwfí oDqjkd yae
onf odrYk [kwf oDcsi;f zGijhf yonfukd toHaetoHxm;ESihf pnf;0g;rSeu f efap&ef *½kpu kd íf
em;axmifyg/
]]ykpOf;awmifoBH uKd ;}} (xHwsmaw&Si)f oDcsi;f tyd'k f (1) udk q&mu pnf;0g;wD;cwfí
oDqjkd yonf odrYk [kwf oDcsi;f zGijhf yonfukd *½kwpdu k f em;axmifyg/
oDcsi;f pmom;udk Munfí h q&mESit hf wl 3 Burd cf efY pnf;0g;wD;cwfí avhusio hf q
D ykd g/
rdrwd uYkd ,
kd w
f ikd f pnf;0g; wD;cwfí avhusio fh q
D ykd g/
txufygenf;twdik ;f tyd'k f (2) rS (8) txdukd avhusio hf if,yl g/
]]ykpOf;awmifoBH uKd ;}} (xHwsmaw&Si)f oDcsi;f tprS tqH;k xd rdrw d uYkd ,
kd w
f ikd f pnf;0g;
wD;cwfí avhusio fh qD ykd g/
t"dutcsufrsm;
 0g;vwfpnf;onf pnf;wpfcsu?f 0g;wpfcsuf wD;cwf&onf/
 ywf0ef;usi\ f awmawmifa&ajr obm0tvSw&m;rsm;udk rdr\
d pdwu f ;l wGif
yHak zmfcpH m;&rnhf oDcsi;f jzpfonf/
 pmoifcsed f (1) rS (7) txdyg0ifaom t"dutcsurf sm;udk owdjyKí oDqkd
avhusiMhf u&rnfjzpfonf/

9
ausmif;oH;k pmtkyf *DwtEkynm q|rwef;

avhusif&h efvyk if ef;rsm;

à tzGUJ ESpzf UJG zGUJ í wpfzUJG csi;f u ]]ykpOf;awmifoBH uKd ;}} (xHwsmaw&Si)f oDcsi;f tm; toHae
toHxm;rSeu f efpmG tjyeftvSef tvSnu fh s oDqykd g/ wpfzUJG u oDqakd epOf uset
f zGUJ u
pnf;0g;wD;cwfay;yg/ tcsi;f csi;f tuJjzwfyg/ tMujH yKyg/ ulno D qD ykd g/
1-2/ ]]jrefrmjynfom;}} oDcsif;
1-2-1/ ]]jrefrmjynfom;}} oDcsif;\t"dyÜm,fukd avhvmjcif;
wdik ;f &if;om; pnf;vH;k nDñw G af &;ESihf ywfoufaom oDcsi;f jzpfonf/ jrefrmjynfom;
qdo
k nfrmS jrefrmEdik if w H iG ;f rSw
D if;aexdik Mf uaom wdik ;f &if;om;tm;vH;k udk ud, k pf m;jyKonf/
a&S;acwfjrefrmwd\ Yk ppfcswD ufy?kH wdik ;f &if;om;aygif;pHk yg0ifMuyHEk iS hf jynfot
l m;vH;k \ wpfceJ uf
axmufct H m;ay;MuyHt k aMumif;udk oDzUJG a&;om;xm;aom oDcsi;f jzpfonf/ oDcsi;f a&;olonf
a&eHoY m0if;armifjzpfNy;D aw;qdo k rl sm;onf jrefrmhtoHtzGJ jh zpfonf/

]]jrefrmjynfom;}} oDcsi;f o½kyaf zmfykH

10
ausmi;fo;kHpmtykf *w
D tEyknm q|rwe;f

]] jrerfmjyno
f m; }} ocDsi;f
aw;a&;-a&eo
H m0i;farmif

11
ausmi;fo;kHpmtykf *w
D tEyknm q|rwe;f

12
ausmif;oH;k pmtkyf *DwtEkynm q|rwef;

]]jrefrmjynfom;}} oDcsi;f tprS tqH;k xd q&mqdjk yonf odrYk [kwf oDcsi;f zGijfh yonfukd
pmom;tm; Munfí h aocsmpGmem;axmifyg/
tyd'k f (1) oDcsi;f pmom;tm; Munfyh g/ q&mqdjk yonf odrYk [kwf oDcsi;f zGijhf yonfukd
*½kwpdu k ef m;axmifyg/
oDcsi;f pmom;udk Munf½h eI m;axmifNy;D oDcsi;f \ t"dymÜ ,fEiS hf rnfoYkd cHpm;&onfukd
tkypf zk UJG íaqG;aEG;yg/ xdaYk emuf q&mESihf tjyeftvSef aqG;aEG;yg/
tyd'k f (2)? tyd'k f (3) ESihf tyd'k f (4) wdu
Yk kd txufygtwdik ;f aqG;aEG;yg/
t"dutcsufrsm;
 jrefrmwdo Yk nf a&S;tpOftqufuyif wdik ;f &if;om;aygif;pHk pkaygif;í nDñw G pf mG
aexdik Mf uonf/ xkaYd Mumifh jynfwiG ;f jynfy &efp, G rf sm;udk wdik ;f &if;om;rsm; twlwuG
vufwu JG m wGe;f vSecf MhJ uonf/
 jrefrmwdo Yk nf a&S;acwftcguyif aoe*FAsL[m ppftwwfrsm;udk uRr;f usif
wwfajrmufcMhJ uonf/
 wyfrawmfEiS t hf wl jynfow l pf&yfv;kH u Edik if aH wmf umuG,af &; vkyif ef;rsm;udk yl;aygif;
yg0ifaqmif&u G cf MhJ uonf/

avhusif&h efvyk if ef;rsm;

à ]]jrefrmjynfom;}} oDcsi;f \ t"dymÜ ,fukd rdred m;vnfonft h wdik ;f tzGUJ vdu
k af qG;aEG;í
jyefvnfwifjyyg/ wpfzUJG rS aqG;aEG;aepOf uset f zGUJ rsm;u aocsmpGmem;axmifí
jznfph u
G t f MujH yKyg/ tjyeftvSeaf qG;aEG;yg/
à ]]jrefrmjynfom;}} oDcsi;f \ t"dymÜ ,fukd od&NdS y;D aemuf oifrnfoYkd cHpm;&oenf;/
1-2-2/ ]] jrefrmjynfom; }} oDcsif;udk toHaetoHxm; pnf;0g; rSeu f efpmG jzifh cHpm;csufxnfh
í oDqjkd cif; ESihf tyd'k f (1) ESihf (2) udk 'dk a& rD oauFwjzifh oDqjkd cif;
]]jrefrmjynfom;}} oDcsi;f \ t"dymÜ ,fukd od&NdS y;D oDcsi;f pmom;udk toHaetoHxm;
rSeu f efpmG oDqw kd wf&efEiS hf tyd'k f (1) ESihf (2) udk 'dk a& rD oauFwjzifh oDqw kd wf&ef
avhvmoif,&l rnf jzpfygonf/
]]jrefrmjynfom;}}oDcsi;f udk q&mu pnf;0g;wD;cwfí oDqjkd yonf odrYk [kwf oDcsi;f
zGijhf yonfukd toHaetoHxm;ESihf pnf;0g;rSeu f efap&ef *½kpu kd í
f em;axmifyg/
]]jrefrmjynfom;}} oDcsi;f tyd'k f (1) tm; q&mu pnf; 0g;wD;cwfí oDqjkd yonf
odrYk [kwf oDcsi;f zGijhf yonfukd *½kpu kd í
f em;axmifyg/
oDcsi;f pmom;udk Munfí h q&mESit hf wl 3 Burd cf efY avhusio hf q D ykd g/
txufygtwdik ;f tyd'k f (2)? tyd'k f (3) ESihf tyd'k f (4) wdu Yk kd toHaetoHxm;rSeu f efpmG
avhusio hf if,yl g/ oDcsi;f tp rS tqH;k xd rdrw d u
Ykd ,
kd w
f ikd f avhusio hf q D ykd g/
oDcsi;f pmom;udk toHaetoHxm;rSeu f efpmG oDqw kd wfNy;D onft h cg ]]jrefrmjynfom;}}
oDcsi;f tyd'k f (1) udk 'dk a& rD oauFwjzifh oDqakd vhusi&hf rnf jzpfonf/

13
ausmif;oH;k pmtkyf *DwtEkynm q|rwef;

]]jrefrmjynfom;}} oDcsi;f tyd'k f (1) tm; q&mu 'dk a& rD *DwoauFwjzifh qdjk yonf
odrYk [kwf oDcsi;f zGijhf yonfukd aocsmpGmem;axmifyg/
oauFwudk Munfí h q&mESit hf wl 3 Burd cf efY avhusio hf q
D ykd g/
rdrwd uYkd ,
kd w
f ikd f avhusio
hf q
D ykd g/
txufygenf;twdik ;f tyd'k f (2) udk avhusio hf if,yl g/

t"dutcsufrsm;
 cHpm;csux f nfí h oDqEkd ikd &f ef oDcsi;f \ t"dymÜ ,fukd em;vnf&efvt kd yfonf/
 pdw"f mwfwuf<uzG,f jzpfatmif oDq&kd aom oDcsi;f jzpfojzifh pnf;okwjf zifh oDq&kd
onf/
 toHaetoHxm;rSeu f efap&efEiS hf pnf;0g;useap&ef owdjyK&rnf/
 oHNyKd io
f q
D &kd aom jrefrmjynfom;a[h qdo k nfh ae&mrsKd ;wGif tm;rmeftjynfjh zifh
pdw"f mwfwuf<uzG,jf zpfatmifoq D &kd rnf/
 oDcsi;f pmom;ESihf *DwoauFwrsm;udk rSeu f efpmG oDqEkd ikd &f ef vdtk yfygu q&m\
tultnDu, kd yl g/

avhusif&h efvyk if ef;rsm;

à tzGUJ ESpzf UJG zGUJ í
Y wpfzUJG csi;f u ]]jrefrmjynfom;}} oDcsi;f tm; toHaetoHxm;rSeu f efpmG
oDqykd g/ oDqrkd u I kd tjyeftvSef tuJjzwfyg/ tMujH yKyg/ tcsi;f csi;f ulno D q
D ykd g/
à tzGUJ ESpzf UJG zGUJ í Y wpfzUJG csi;f u ]]jrefrmjynfom;}} oDcsi;f tyd'k f (1) ESihf (2) \
*DwoauFwtm; toHaetoHxm;rSeu f efpmG oDqykd g/ oDqrkd u
I kd tjyeftvSef
tuJjzwfyg/ tMujH yKyg/ tcsi;f csi;f ulno D q
D ykd g/
1-2-3/ ]]jrefrmjynfom;}} oDcsif;udk o½kyaf zmfjcif;
]]jrefrmjynfom;}} oDcsi;f udk oHpOfpnf;0g; rSeu f efpmG oDqw kd wfNy;D oDcsi;f pmom;wGif
yg0ifaom taMumif;t&mrsm;udk o½kyaf zmfMu&rnfjzpfonf/
usm;ESirhf rQwpGmyg0ifaom tzGUJ rsm; zGUJ &rnfjzpfNy;D oDcsi;f wpfy'kd cf si;f pD\ t"dymÜ ,fEiS hf
vdu
k zf ufatmif oDqo kd ½kyaf zmfavhusiyhf g/
tcsi;f csi;f rnfuohJ Ykd o½kyaf zmfMurnfukd wdik yf ifaqG;aEG;yg/
t"dutcsufrsm;
 cHpm;csux
f nfí
h pnf;csun f n D D oDqo
kd ½kyaf zmfEikd &f rnf/
 nDnmpGm yl;aygif;yg0if vkyaf qmif&rnf/

14
ausmif;oH;k pmtkyf *DwtEkynm q|rwef;

avhusif&h efvyk if ef;rsm;

à tzGUJ vdu k f aqG;aEG;qH;k jzwfxm;onfth wdik ;f oDqo kd ½kyaf zmfyg/ wpfzUJG u o½kyaf zmfaepOf
uset f zGUJ rsm;u tuJjzwfyg/ oDqo kd ½kyaf zmfru
I kd tMujH yK aqG;aEG;yg/
tcef; (1) tqdyk nmudk jyefvnfo;kH oyfyg/

tqdyk nm

oDqrkd I

o½kyaf zmfrI

15
ausmif;oH;k pmtkyf *DwtEkynm q|rwef;

tcef; (2)
tuynm
ed'gef;
tcef; (2) tuynmwGif q|rwef;ausmif;om;rsm; avhusio hf if,&l eftwGuf tajccH
uAsmvGwt f u\ acgif;? cg;? ajc? vuf? rsuEf mS tpHk uuGuf 15 uGux f rJ S yxrqH;k uuGuf
jzpfonfh MumzwfveS t f uESihf 'kw, d uuGujf zpfonfh MumqpfcsK;d tuwdyYk g0ifonf/ rlvwef;
wGif tajccHtu\ acgif;? cg;? ajc? vuf? rsuEf mS trlt&mtaetxm;ESihf ]]cGi}f } ykpH H
taetxm;wdu Yk kd oif,cl NhJ y;D jzpfonf/
þtcef; (2) tuynmudk oif,Nl y;D vQif ausmif;om;rsm;onf MumzwfveS t f uESihf
MumqpfcsK;d tuwd\ Yk acgif;? cg;? ajc? vuf? rsuEf mS vIy&f mS ;rIrsm;udk &Si;f jyEdik Nf y;D pnf;0g;rSepf mG
pepfwus uwwfrnf/ xdt Yk jyif tajccHuAsmvGwf uuGurf sm;udk vufawGUavhusiNhf y;D
jrwfE;kd wefz;kd xm;wwfvmrnfjzpfonf/
2-1/ MumzwfveS t
f u
2-1-1/ MumzwfveS t f u (nmajcnmvuf)
tajccHuAsmvGwt f uwGif acgif;? cg;? ajc? vuf? rsuEf mS tpHk uuGuf 15 uGu&f o Sd nf/
,if;wdt Yk euf yxrqH;k uuGujf zpfaom MumzwfveS t f u (nmajcnmvuf) udk
avhusihf oif,yl g/
OD;pGm rlvwef;wGif oifMum;cJah om acgif;? cg;? ajc? vuf? rsuEf mS vIy&f mS ;rItursm;udk
q&mESit
hf wl jyefvnfavhusiyhf g/ avhusi&hf mwGif pnf; 8 csu?f 0g; 8 csuf jynfah tmif uyg/
]]cGi}f } yHpk EH iS hf nmajcnmvuf taetxm;avhusifjh cif;

(yH-k 1) ]]cGi}f } yHpk t

H aetxm;

16
ausmi;fo;kHpmtykf *w
D tEyknm q|rwe;f

Mumzwv f eSt
f uukd pepw f us oi, f &let f wuG f tu rurD (y-kH1) yg ]]ciG}f} ypkHH
taetxm;twikd;f ae&m,ylg/ vuafumu0fwEfpScfu k kd ausmbuüf wprfu kd f tumGta0;wiGf
xm;yg/ xaYkdemuf atmuyfg uuu G t f qirhfsm;twikd;f avu h siyhfg/ (a,musmf;av;rsm;EiShf
red;fuav;rsm; tww l uG avu h siohf i,
f Elikdyfgon/f red;fuav;rsm;onf ajcaxmuu f kd
xbDem;cwí f jyeof rd;frn/f a,musmf;av;rsm;onf ';lu<kduí ]]ciG}f} ypkHt
H wikd;fae&mjye,
f &lef
jzpo f n/f)

(y-kH2) acgi;f? cg;? nmajc? nmvuEfiShf (y-kH3) nmajc? nmvuEfiShf b,v f u?f
b,v f uf taetxm;rsm; acgi;fEiSchfg; taetxm;rsm;

yxrpn;f½u dk cfsuf (yxrpn;f) wiGf nmajcu<kduí nmzaemiu hf kd nmbuf

ta&USaxmio hf Ykd x;kdxm;yg/ acgi;fEiSchfg;uv kd n;f nmbuo f Ykd apmi;fcsyg/ vuEfpSzfuv f ;kHukd
waHwmiq f prfcSsK;dum vuafumu0fwEfpSzfuu f kd nmbut f wiG;foYkd vnS 0hfu
kd [f ef ,x l m;yg/
nmvuafumu0fwu f kd twiG;fov
Ykd n
S í
hf vuzfsm;rsm; axmix f m;yg/ b,v f uafumu0fwf
uv
kd n;f tjyio f v Ykd n S íhf vuzfsm;rsm; axmix f m;yg/ (y-kH2) ukd Munyhfg/
yxr0g;½u dk cfsuf (yxr0g;) wiGf x;kdxm;aom nmajcujkdyeo f rd;fí vn
S 0hfu
kd [
f e,
f x l m;
aom nmvuzfsm;ukd ta&USov Ykd eSu
f m b,v f uzfsm;ukd armSuNfy;D vuafumu0fwrfsm;ukd
atmub f uo f Ykd pu
kd cfsvu kd yfg/ wpNfyKdiw
f n;frmSyif acgi;fEiSchfg;uv
kd n;f wnrhfwpfmG xm;vu kd yfg/
(y-kH3) ukd Munyhfg/
quv
f uí
f tykpfv
k u
kd f txuyfg uuu
G t
f qirhfsm;twikd;f q&mEiSt
hf wl avu
h siyhfg/

17
ausmif;oH;k pmtkyf *DwtEkynm q|rwef;

t"dutcsufrsm;
 vIy&f mS ;rIwikd ;f wGif nmajcnmvufrpS Ny;D vIy&f mS ;&rnf/
 csppf zG,t f rlt&mjzifh NyKH ;í u&rnf/
 uaepOf ]]cGi}f } yHpk rH ysuaf p&ef owdxm;&rnf/
 tzJUG vduk f uonft h cg pnf;? 0g; usepGmESihf nDnn
D mnmuEdik &f ef vufcyk ?f vufazsmuff
wD;í pnf;0g;udk rSerf eS &f w G qf akd y;&rnf/
 pnf;wGif zaemif?h ajzmuf (0g;) wGif z0g; (cGi)f odYk jyefa&muf&rnf/

avhusif&h eftursm;
1/ wpfO;D csi;f pD MumzwfveS t f u (nmajcnmvuf) udk avhusiyhf g/ pnf;0g;usepGm
uwwfjcif;ESihf csppf zG,t f rlt&mjzifh uwwfjcif; &Sd r&Su d kd oli,fcsi;f tcsi;f csi;f
tuJjzwfyg/ tMujH yKyg/
2/ tzJUG vdu k f MumzwfveS t f u (nmajcnmvuf) udk avhusiyhf g/ wpfzUGJ u uaepOf
uset f zJUG rsm;u tzJUG om;wpfO;D csi;f pnf;0g;usepGmuEdik jf cif;ESihf tzJUG vdu
k n f n
D mpGm
uEdik jf cif; &Sd r&Sw
d u
Ykd kd tuJjzwfyg/ tMujH yKyg/ tzJUG vdu
k f nDnnD mnmjzifh pnf;0g;wus
aysm&f iT pf mG uí avhusiyhf g/
2-1-2/ MumzwfveS tf u (b,fajcb,fvuf)
yxroifcef;pmwGif oif,cl o
hJ nfh uuGurf mS yxrpnf;ESi0hf g;wGif ucJo
h nfh uuGuf
jzpfonf/ ,ckqufvufí 'kw, d pnf;ESi0hf g;wGif u&rnfh uuGuu
f kd avhusio hf if,&l ef toifh
jyifyg/
]]cGi}f } yHpk EH iS hf b,fajcb,fvuftaetxm;

(yH-k 4) b,fajc? acgif;? cg;ESihf vufEpS zf uf (yH-k 5) b,fajc? b,fvuf? nmvuf? acgif;ESihf
taetxm;rsm; cg; taetxm;rsm;

18
ausmif;oH;k pmtkyf *DwtEkynm q|rwef;

'kw, d pnf;½ku d cf suf ('kw, d pnf;) wGif b,fajcud<k uí b,fzaemifu h kd b,fbuf

ta&SUaxmifo h Ykd xd;k vdu k yf g/ acgif;ESihf cg;udv k nf; b,fbufoaYkd pmif;csyg/ vufEpS zf ufv;kH udk
wHawmifqpfrS csK;d um vufaumuf0wfEpS zf ufukd b,fbuftwGi;f odYk vSn0hf u kd [
f ef ,lxm;yg/
b,fvufaumuf0wfudtwG k i;f okv Yd nS íhf vufzsm;rsm;axmifxm;yg/nmvufaumuf0wfuv dk nf;
tjyifoYdk vSní hf vufzsm;rsm;axmifxm;yg/ (yH-k 4) udk Munfyh g/
'kw, d 0g;½ku d cf suf ('kw, d 0g;) wGif b,fajcudk jyeford ;f í vSn0hf u kd [
f ef ,lxm;aom
b,fvufzsm;udk ta&SUokv Yd eS u f m nmvufzsm;udk arSmufNy;D vufaumuf0wfrsm;udk
atmufbufoYkd pdu k cf svu kd yf g/ wpfNyKd iw f nf;rSmyif acgif;ESichf g;udv
k nf; wnfrh wfpmG xm;vdu k yf g/
(yH-k 5) udk Munfyh g/
qufvufí tkypf v k u kd f txufyg tqifrh sm;twdik ;f q&mESit hf wl avhusiyhf g/
t"dutcsuf
 MumzwfveS t f u (nmajcnmvuf) oif,pl Ofu t"dutcsuf 5 csuu
f kd jyefvnf
pOf;pm;Ny;D tu avhusi&hf mwGif vufawGUtoH;k csyg/
avhusif&h eftursm;
1/ wpfO;D csi;f pD MumzwfveS t f u (b,fajcb,fvuf) udk avhusiyhf g/ pnf;0g;usepGm
uwwfjcif;ESihf csppf zG,t f rlt&mjzifh uwwfjcif; &Sd r&Su d kd oli,fcsi;f tcsi;f csi;f
tuJjzwfyg/ tMujH yKyg/
2/ tzJUG vdu k f MumzwfveS t f u (b,fajcb,fvuf) udk avhusiyhf g/ wpfzUGJ u uaepOf
uset f zJUG rsm;u tzJUG om;wpfO;D csi;f pnf;0g;usepGm uEdik jf cif;ESihf tzJUG vdu
k nf n
D mpGm
uEdik jf cif; &Sd r&Sw
d u
Ykd kd tuJjzwfyg/ tMujH yKyg/ tzJUG vdu
k f nDnnD mnmjzifh pnf;0g;wus
aysm&f iT pf mG uí avhusiyhf g/
2-1-3/ MumzwfveS t f u (nmajcnmvufEiS hf b,fajcb,fvuf)
MumzwfveS t f u (nmajcnmvuf) ESihf (b,fajcb,fvuf) wdu
Yk kd aygif;Ny;D
avhusiohf if,
f &l ef toifjh yifyg/
]]cGi}f } yHpk EH iS hf MumzwfveS t f u (nmajcnmvufEiS hf b,fajcb,fvuf)
]]cGi}f } yHpk t
H aetxm; toifjh yifyg/ (yH-k 1) udk Munfyh g/ yxrpnf;wGif nmajcud<k uí
nmzaemifu h kd nmbufta&SUaxmifo h Ykd xd;k yg/ acgif;ESihf cg;udv k nf; nmbufoYkd apmif;csyg/
vufEpS zf ufv;kH udk wHawmifqpfrcS sK;d um vufaumuf0wfEpS zf ufukd nmbuftwGi;f odYk
vSn0hf u kd [f ef ,lxm;yg/ nmvufaumuf0wfukd twGi;f odv Yk n
S í hf vufzsm;rsm; axmifxm;yg/
b,fvufaumuf0wfuv kd nf; tjyifov Ykd n
S íhf vufzsm;rsm; axmifxm;yg/ (yH-k 2) udk Munfyh g/
yxr0g;wGif xd;k xm;aomnmajcudjk yeford ;f í vSn0hf u kd [ f ef,x
l m;aom nmvufzsm;
udk ta&SUodyYk ufvufveS u f m b,fvufzsm;udak rSmufjy;D vufaumuf0wfrsm;udk atmufbuf
odYk pdu k cf svu kd yf g/ wpfNyKd iw f nf;rSmyif acgif;ESichf g;udv
k nf; wnfrh wfpmG xm;vdu k yf g/ (yH-k 3) udk
Munfyh g/

19
ausmif;oH;k pmtkyf *DwtEkynm q|rwef;

'kw, d pnf;wGif b,fajcud<k uí b,fzaemifu h kd b,fbufta&SUaxmifo h Ykd xd;k vdu

k f
&rnf/ acgif;ESichf g;udvk nf; b,fbufoYkd apmif;csyg/ vufEpS zf ufpvH;k udk wHawmifqpfrcS sK;d um
vufaumuf0wfEpS zf ufukd b,fbufoYkd vSn0hf u kd [
f ef,x l m;yg/ (yH-k 4) udk Munfyh g/
'kw, d 0g;wGif b,fajcudjk yeford ;f í vSn0hf u kd [f ef,x l m;aom b,fvufzsm;udk ta&SU
odYk yufvufveS v f suf nmvufzsm;udak rSmufNy;D vufaumuf0wfrsm;udk atmufbufoYkd
pdu
k cf svu
kd yf g/ wpfNyKd iw
f nf;rSmyif acgif;ESihf cg;udv k nf; wnfrh wfpmG xm;vdu k yf g/ (yH-k 5) udk
Munfyh g/ qufvufí pnf;0g;tvdu k f (yH-k 2) rS (yH-k 5) twdik ;f xyfausmí h jyKvyk yf g/
t"dutcsuf
 MumzwfveS t
f u (nmajcnmvuf) ESihf (b,fajcb,fvuf) oif,pl Ofu t"du
tcsuf 5 csuuf kd tu avhusi&hf mwGif vufawGUtoH;k csyg/
avhusif&h eftursm;
1/ wpfO;D csi;f pD MumzwfveS t f uudk avhusiyhf g/ pnf;0g;usepGm uwwfjcif;ESihf csppf zG,f
trlt&mjzifh uwwfjcif; &Sd r&Su d kd oli,fcsi;f tcsi;f csi;f tuJjzwfyg/ vdt k yfygu
tMujH yKyg/
2/ tzJUG vdu k f MumzwfveS t f uudk avhusiyhf g/ wpfzUGJ u uaepOf uset f zJUG rsm;u tzJUG om;
wpfO;D csi;f pnf;0g;usepGm uEdik jf cif;ESihf tzJUG vdu k n
f n D mpGm uEdik jf cif; &Sd r&Sw
d uYkd kd
tuJjzwfyg/ tMujH yKyg/ tzJUG vdu k f nDnn D mnmjzifh pnf;0g;wus aysm&f iT pf mG uí
avhusiyhf g/
2-2/ MumqpfcsKd;tu
2-2-1/ MumqpfcsKd;tu (nmajcnmvuf)
tajccHuAsmvGwf tu\ 'kw, d uuGujf zpfaom MumqpfcsK;d tu (nmajcnmvuf)
udk avhusio hf if,&l ef toifjh yifyg/
]]cGi}f } yHpk EH iS hf nmajcnmvuftaetxm;

(yH-k 6) nmajc? acgif;? cg;? nmvufEiS hf

(yH-k 7) nmajc? acgif;ESihf cg; taetxm;rsm;
b,fvuf taetxm;rsm;
20
ausmif;oH;k pmtkyf *DwtEkynm q|rwef;

MumqpfcsK;d tuudk pepfwus oif,&l eftwGuf tururD (yH-k 1) yg ]]cGi}f } yHpk H

taetxm;twdik ;f ae&m,lyg/ yxrpnf;wGif nmajcud<k uí nmzaemifu h kd nmbuf
ta&SUaxmifo h Ykd xd;k vduk yf g/ acgif;ESihf cg;udv k nf; nmbufoYkd apmif;xm;yg/ nmvufzsu H kd
b,ftwGi;f bufr0S u kd uf m wHawmifqpfcsK;d vsuf tay:udak xmifí nmvufaumuf0wfukd
rsuEf mS bufopYkd u kd u
f m tjyifocYkd sK;d vdu k yf g/ b,fvufzsu H kd atmufbufrS 0du k u
f m
wHawmifqpfcsK;d vsuf b,fvuf\ vufoef;xdyo f nf nmvuf wHawmifatmufwiG f
vufz0g;jyiftjyifoYkd vSní hf xdyg/ (yH-k 6) udk Munfyh g/
yxr0g;wGif xd;k xm;aom nmajcudk jyeford ;f yg/ yxrpnf;wGif axmifxm;cJah om
nmvufzsu H kd 0g;wGif tjyifoYkd vSecf sK;d vdu k yf g/ acgif;ESihf cg;udv
k nf; 0g;wGif wpfygwnf;
wnfrh wfvu kd yf g/ (yH-k 7) udk Munfyh g/
qufvufí tkypf v k u kd f txufygtqifrh sm;twdik ;f q&mESit hf wl avhusiyhf g/
t"dutcsufrsm;
 uuGurf sm;udk pnf;0g;rSepf mG uEdik &f ef ud,
k w
f ikd f vufawGU avhusi&hf rnf/
 oli,fcsi;f rsm;ESihf rsuEf mS csi;f qdik í
f tuavhusio hf nft
h cg b,fvufEiS hf nmvuf
rSm;,Gi;f rIr&Sad p&ef owdjyK&rnf/
 tzJUG vdu
k u f onft h cg pnf;? 0g; useNy;D nDnmap&ef oli,fcsi;f rsm;tm; ulnyD g
odrYk [kwf oli,fcsi;f rsm;xHrS tultnD,yl g/
 pnf;wGif zaemifh ? ajzmuf (0g;) wGif z0g; (cGi)f odYk jyefa&muf&rnf/

avhusif&h ef tursm;
1/ wpfO;D csi;f pD MumqpfcsK;d tu (nmajcnmvuf) udk avhusiyhf g/ pnf;0g;usepGm
uwwfjcif;ESihf csppf zG,t f rlt&mjzifh uwwfjcif; &Sd r&Su d kd oli,fcsi;f tcsi;f csi;f
tuJjzwfyg/ tMujH yKyg/
2/ tzJUG vdu k f MumqpfcsK;d tu (nmajcnmvuf) udk avhusiyhf g/ wpfzUGJ u uaepOff
uset f zJUG rsm;u tzJUG om;wpfO;D csi;f pnf;0g;usepGm uEdik jf cif;ESihf tzJUG vdu
k f nDnmpGm
uEdik jf cif; &Sd r&Sw
d u
Ykd kd tuJjzwfyg/ tzJUG vdu
k f nDnn
D mnmjzifh pnf;0g;wus aysm&f iT pf mG
uíavhusiyhf g/

21
ausmif;oH;k pmtkyf *DwtEkynm q|rwef;

2-2-2/ MumqpfcsKd;tu (b,fajcb,fvuf)

qufvufí 'kw, d pnf;ESi0hf g;wGif u&rnfh MumqpfcsK;d tu (b,fajcb,fvuf) udk
avhusio
hf if,&l ef toifjh yifyg/
]]cGi}f } yHpk EH iS hf b,fajcb,fvuftaetxm;

(yH-k 8) b,fajc? acgif;? cg;? b,fvufEiS hf (yH-k 9) b,fajc? b,fvuf? acgif;ESihf cg;
nmvuf taetxm;rsm; taetxm;rsm;

'kw, d pnf;wGif b,fajcud<k uí b,fzaemifu h kd b,fbufta&SUaxmifo h Ykd xd;k vduk yf g/

acgif;ESihf cg;udv k nf; b,fbufoYkd apmif;xm;yg/ b,fvufzsu H kd nmtwGi;f bufrS 0du k u f m
wHawmifqpfcsK;d vsuf tay:udak xmifí b,fvufaumuf0wfukd rsuEf mS bufopYkd u kd uf m
tjyifoYkd csK;d vdu
k yf g/ nmvufzsu
H kd atmufbufr0S u
kd uf m wHawmifqpfcsK;d vsuf nmvuf\
vufoef;xdyo f nf b,fvufwaH wmifatmufwiG f vufz0g;jyif tjyifov Ykd nS í
hf xdyg/ (yH-k 8)
udk Munfyh g/
'kw, d 0g;wGif b,fajcudk jyeford ;f yg/ 'kw, d pnf;wGiaf xmifxm;cJah om b,fvufzsu H kd
0g;wGif tjyifov Ykd eS cf sK;d csvukd yf g/ acgif;ESichf g;udv
k nf; 0g;wGif wpfygwnf; wnfrh wfvu dk yf g/
(yH-k 9) udMk unfyh g/
qufvufí tkypf v k u kd f txufygtqifrh sm;twdik ;f q&mESit hf wl avhusiyhf g/

t"dutcsuf
 MumqpfcsKd ;tu (nmajcnmvuf) oif,pl Ofu t"dutcsuf 4 csuu
f kd jyefvnf
pOf;pm;Ny;D tu avhusi&hf mwGif vufawGUtoH;k csyg/

22
ausmif;oH;k pmtkyf *DwtEkynm q|rwef;

avhusif&h eft
f ursm;
1/ wpfO;D csi;f pD MumqpfcsK;d tu (b,fajcb,fvuf) udk avhusiyhf g/ pnf;0g;usepGm
uwwfjcif;ESihf csppf zG,t f rlt&mjzifh uwwfjcif; &Sd r&Su d kd oli,fcsi;f tcsi;f csi;f
tuJjzwfyg/ tMujH yKyg/
2/ tzJUG vdu k f MumqpfcsK;d tu (b,fajcb,fvuf) udk avhusiyhf g/ wpfzUGJ u uaepOf
uset f zJUG rsm;u tzJUG om;wpfO;D csi;f pnf;0g;usepGm uEdik jf cif;ESihf tzJUG vdu
k n
f n
D mpGm
uEdik jf cif; &Sd r&Sw
d u
Ykd kd tuJjzwfyg/ tMujH yKyg/ tzJUG vdu
k f nDnnD mnmjzifh pnf;0g;wus
aysm&f iT pf mG uí avhusiyhf g/
2-2-3/ MumqpfcsKd;tu (nmajcnmvufEiS hf b,fajcb,fvuf)
MumqpfcsK;d tu (nmajcnmvuf) ESihf (b,fajcb,fvuf) wdu
Yk kd aygif;Ny;D
avhusiohf if,&l ef toifjh yifyg/
]]cGi}f } yHpk EH iS hf MumqpfcsdK;tu (nmajcnmvufEiS hf b,fajcb,fvuf)
yxrOD;pGm (yH-k 1) yg ]]cGi}f } yHpk H taetxm;twdik ;f ae&m,lyg/ yxrpnf;wGif
nmzaemifu h kd nmbufta&SUaxmifo h Ykd xd;k vdu
k yf g/ acgif;ESihf cg;udv
k nf; nmbufoYkd apmif;
xm;yg/ nmvufzsu H kd b,ftwGi;f bufrS 0du k u
f m wHawmifqpfcsK;d vsuf nmvufzsu H akd xmifí
rsuEf mS bufoYkd nmvufaumuf0wfukd pdu k u f mtjyifoYkd csK;d vdu k yf g/ b,fvufzsu H kd
atmufbufr0S u kd uf m wHawmifqpfcsK;d vsuf b,fvuf\ vufoef;xdyo f nf nmvufwaH wmif
atmufwiG f vufz0g;jyif tjyifov Ykd nS í hf xdyg/ (yH-k 6) udk Munfyh g/
yxr0g;wGif nmajcudk jyeford ;f yg/ pnf;wGif axmifxm;cJah om nmvufzsu H kd 0g;wGif
tjyifoYkd jyefcsK;d vdu k yf g/ acgif;ESihf cg;udv k nf; wpfygwnf;wnfrh wfvu kd yf g/ (yH-k 7) udk Munfyh g/
'kw, d pnf;wGif b,fajcud<k uí b,fzaemifu h kd b,fbufta&SUaxmifo h Ykd xd;k vdu
k yf g/
acgif;ESihf cg;udv k nf; b,fbufoYkd apmif;csyg/ b,fvufzsu H kd nmtwGi;f bufrS 0du k u f m
wHawmifqpfcsK;d vsuf tay:udak xmifí rsuEf mS bufoYkd b,fvufaumuf0wfukd pdu k u f m
tjyifoYkd csK;d vdu k yf g/ (yH-k 8) udk Munfyh g/
'kw, d 0g;wGif b,fajcudk jyeford ;f yg/ pnf;wGif axmifxm;cJah om b,fvufzsu H kd
0g;wGif tjyifoYkd vSecf sK;d csvu kd yf g/ acgif;ESihf cg;udv k nf; 0g;wGif wpfygwnf; wnfrh wfvu kd yf g/
(yH-k 9) udk Munfyh g/
qufvufí pnf;0g;tvdu k f (yH-k 6) rS (yH-k 9) twdik ;f xyfausmí h jyKvyk yf g/
t"dutcsuf
 MumqpfcsKd ;tu (nmajcnmvuf) ESihf (b,fajcb,fvuf) oif,pl Ofu t"dutcsuf
4 csuu
f kd jyefvnf pOf;pm;yg/ tu avhusi&hf mwGif vufawGUtoH;k csyg/

23
ausmif;oH;k pmtkyf *DwtEkynm q|rwef;

avhusif&h eftursm;
1/ wpfO;D csi;f pD MumqpfcsK;d tuudk avhusiyhf g/ pnf;0g;usepGm uwwfjcif;ESihf csppf zG,f
trlt&mjzifh uwwfjcif; &Sd r&Su d kd oli,fcsi;f tcsi;f csi;f tuJjzwfyg/ tMujH yKyg/
2/ tzJUG vdu
k f MumqpfcsK;d tuudk avhusiyhf g/ wpfzUGJ u uaepOff uset f zJUG rsm;u tzJUG om;
wpfO;D csi;f pnf;0g;usepGm uEdik jf cif;ESihf tzJUG vdu
k n
f nD mpGm uEdik jf cif; &Sd r&Sw
d u
Ykd kd
tuJjzwfyg/ tzJUG vduk f nDnn D mnmjzifh pnf;0g;wus aysm&f iT pf mG uí avhusiyhf g/
tcef;(2) tuynmudk jyefvnfo;kH oyfyg/

tuynm

tajccH uAsmvGwt
f u

MumzwfveS t
f u

nmajc
nmvuf

24
ausmif;oH;k pmtkyf *DwtEkynm q|rwef;

tcef; (3)
twD;ynm
ed'gef;
tcef; (3) twD;ynmoifcef;pmwGif q|rwef;ausmif;om;rsm;onf yavGrw I jf cif;
oifcef;pmudk avhvmoif,Ml u&rnfjzpfonf/ yavGrw I jf cif;oifcef;pmwGif yavGvufayguf
udik yf ?kH avoHtjyif;taysm?h vQmtaetxm;? *DwoauFwESihf avhusichf ef;rsm; yg0ifonf/
yavGrw
I jf cif;oifcef;pmudk oif,Nl y;D ygu ausmif;om;rsm;onf tajccH*w D oauFw
oabmw&m;udk od&&dS w G q
f Ekd ikd í
f vG,u
f al om aw;uAsmrsm;udk yavGjzifh oHpOfreS pf mG wD;rIwf
vmEdik rf nf/
3-1/ tajccHyavGoifcef;pm
3-1-1/ *DwoauFw
wl&, d mypön;f rsm;wD;cwf&müvnf;aumif;? oDq&kd müvnf;aumif; taxmuftul
jyKap&efEiS hf wdusreS uf efr&I adS p&ef urÇmoH;k oauFwudk avhvmoif,&l ef vdt k yfygonf/
ausmif;oH;k pmtkywf iG f   ESihf Tonic Solfa Note wdjYk zifh oauFwrsm;udk a&;om;
azmfjyxm;ygonf/ xdaYk Mumifh yavGoifcef;pm oifMum;&eftwGuf tajccH*w D oauFwudk
avhvmoifMum;Mu&rnf jzpfygonf/
- Beat
Beat qdo
k nfrmS Interval (csed w
f mnDrQpmG ) rSerf eS o
f mG ;aeaom ½du
k cf surf sm;udak c:onf/
Oyrm- 4
4 1 2 3 4 Beat
þyHw
k iG f 1 Beat ?2 Beat ?3 Beat ?4 Beat wdyYk g0ifonf/
- Bar Line
Beat rsm;udk uefo
Y wfxm;aom tuef?Y a'gifvu
kd rf sO;f wdUk udk Bar Line [k ac:onf/
Oyrm-
Bar Line Double Bar Line
4
4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Bar Line ESpaf Mumif;a&;qGjJ cif;udk Double Bar Line [kac:onf/ oauFwtqH;k owfü
a&;qGo
J nf/
- xyfausmhtrSwt
f om; (Repeat Sign)

,if;trSwt
f om;onf tprS jyefw;D qd&k ef jzpfonf/

25
ausmif;oH;k pmtkyf *DwtEkynm q|rwef;

- oauFwrsm;\wefz;kd ( Value of Notes )

Note
%   %=>@+C
 VW  W XXXW%+^
_ C `
(1) - Whole Note (Semi Brave)
(2) - Half Note (Minim)
(3) - Quarter Note (Crotchet)
(4) - Eighth Note (Quaver)
(5) - Sixteenth Note (Semi Quaver)
(6) - Thirty - second Note (Demi Semi Quaver)

Whole Note (Semi Brave)onf ½du

k cf suf av;csuf toH&n
S w
f efz;kd &So
d nf/

Half Note (Minim) onf ½du

k cf suf ESpcf suf toH&n
S w
f efz;kd &So
d nf/

Quarter Note (Crotchet) onf ½du

k cf suf wpfcsuf toH&n
S w
f efz;kd &So
d nf/

Eighth Note (Quaver) onf ½du k cf su\f wpf0uf toH&n S w f efz;kd &So
d nf/ (Eighth
Note wGif wpfv;kH wnf; &Sy
d gu yHpk jH zifh a&;jy;D ESpv
f ;kH &Syd gu yHpk jH zifh a&;Edik o
f nf/

Sixteenth Note (Semi Quaver) onf ½du

k cf su\
f av;yHw
k pfykH toH&n
S w
f efz;kd &So
d nf/
Thirty - second Note (Demi Semi Quaver) onf ½du
k cf su\
f &Spyf w
kH pfykH
toH&n
S w
f efz;kd &So
d nf/

26
ausmif;oH;k pmtkyf *DwtEkynm q|rwef;

- &yfem;csufwefz;kd ( Value of Rest )

Rest onf &yfem;oauFw jzpfonf/ Rest \ wefz;kd rsm;rSm-
(1) - Whole Rest (Semi Brave Rest)
(2) - Half Rest (Minim Rest)
(3) - Quarter Rest (Crotchet Rest)
(4) - Eighth Rest (Quaver Rest)
(5) - Sixteenth Rest (Semi Quaver Rest)
(6) - Thirty - second Rest (Demi Semi Quaver Rest)

Whole Rest (Semi Brave Rest) onf ½du

k cf suf (Beat) av;csut
f xd &yfem;&ef jzpf
onf/

Half Rest onf ½du

k cf suf (Beat) ESpcf sut
f xd &yfem;&efjzpfonf/

Quarter Rest onf ½du

k cf suf (Beat) wpfcsuf &yfem;&efjzpfonf/

Eighth Rest onf ½du

k cf suf (Beat) \wpf0uf &yfem;&efjzpfonf/

Sixteenth Rest (Semi Quaver Rest) onf ½du

k cf suf (Beat) av;yHw
k pfykH &yfem;&ef
jzpfonf/
Thirty - second Rest (Demi Semi Quaver Rest) onf ½du
k cf suf (Beat) &Spyf w
kH pfykH
&yfem;&efjzpfonf/

27
ausmif;oH;k pmtkyf *DwtEkynm q|rwef;

*DwoauFw\ oHwo
kd &H n
S w
f efz;kd

-  

 
udk t*Fvyd t f u©&m tBu;D pmvH;k A B C D E F G wdjYk zifh owfrw S Nf y;D
tajccHrsO;f ig;aMumif;udk toH;k jyKía&;om;onf/ rsO;f ig;aMumif;udk atmufbufrS pwif
a&wGuv f Qif E, G, B, D, F [k owfrw S of nf/ rsO;f rsm;Mum;rS uGuv
f yfae&mrsm;ud k F, A, C, E
[k owfrw S o
f nf/ rsO;f ig;vdik ;f xuf jrifw
h ufaomtoHEiS hf edrahf omtoHrsm;twGuf rsO;f vdik ;f wdk
rsm;jzifh azmfjyonf/
Line 5 F
space 4 E D
Line 4 space 3
Line 3 C B
Line 2 space 2 A G
space 1 F E
Line 1
G-CLEF
(or)
TREBLE CLEF
*DwoauFwrsm;a&;om;&mwGif rsO;f aMumif;\ tpwGif CLEF trSwt f om;udk jyxm;
avh&o
dS nf/ xdt k rSwt f om;onf rsO;f vdik ;f Line ESihf Mum;uGuv
f yf Space ae&mwd\
Yk ae&m
owfrw S cf suu
f kd azmfjyonf/

28
ausmif;oH;k pmtkyf *DwtEkynm q|rwef;

- Time Signature
Time Signaturersm;wGif tay:*Pef;onf ½du k cf sut
f a&twGuf (Beat) udk azmfjyNy;D
atmufyikd ;f *Pef;onf oauFwrsm;\ wefz;kd (Value of Notes) udk azmfjyonf/ Oyrm- 4/4
time wGif tay:rS 4 onf ½du k cf suf av;csuf (4 beats) udk azmfjyNy;D atmufrS 4 onf
oauFwwefz;kd 1/4 Note (Quarter Note) udk azmfjyonf/

2/4 Time 3/4 Time 4/4 Time

2/4 Time avhusifjh cif; 4/4 Time avhusifjh cif;

(1)
(1)

(2)
(2)

(3)
(3)

- Tonic Solfa Note

*DwoauFwrsm;udk ocsmF ude;f *Pef; (1 to 7) udk toH;k jyKí a&;om;Muonf/ Tonic
Sofa [k ac:onfh toHxu G o
f auFwtwdak umuf a&;om;rI d, r, m, f, s, l, t, d udk 1, 2, 3, 4,
5, 6, 7 jzifh tpm;xd;k a&;om;vmcJy
h gonf/ ta&SUwdik ;f oauFw[kvnf; ac:qdo k nf/

'dk a& rD zm qdk vm wD

tv,fox H uf jrifw
h ufomG ;aom toHrsm; (tjrifo h )H udk tay:bufwiG f tpufrsm;
jzifh azmfjyNy;D edrq
hf if;oGm;aom toHrsm; (tedro hf )H udk atmufbufwiG f tpufrsm;jzifh azmfjy
onf/
&yfem;csurf sm;udk ] } oauFwjzifh azmfjyonf/ wpfcgwpf&H ] .} jzifh azmfjyavh&o
dS nf/

29
ausmif;oH;k pmtkyf *DwtEkynm q|rwef;

- Tonic Solfa Notes rsm;udk azmfjyjcif;

4/4 Timing Whole Note

Half Note

Quarter Note

t"dutcsufrsm;
 yavGoifcef;pmrsm;udk oif,El idk &f eftwGuf tajccH*w D oauFrsm;udk aocsmpGm
avhvmoif,&l ef vdt k yfonf/
 ½du
k cf su?f &yfem;csuEf iS hf oauFwwefz;kd rsm;udk wdusreS u
f efpmG toH;k jyKEikd af tmif
avhvmoif,&l efvt kd yfygonf/
avhusif&h efar;cGe;f rsm;
à Double Bar Line udk rnfonfah e&mwGif oH;k oenf;/
à Beat taMumif;&Si;f jyyg/
à Beat rsm;udk uefo Y wfxm;aom a'gifvu kd rf sO;f wdUk udk rnfoaYkd c:oenf;/
à Repeat Sign onf rnfonfh t"dymÜ ,fjzpfoenf;/
à Whole Note onf ½du k cf surf nfrQwefz;kd &So d enf;/
à ½du k cf suf ESpcf su&f adS om Note \ trnfukd azmfjyyg/
à Half Rest udk rnfonfh oauFwjzifh azmfjyoenf;/
à 2/4 time trSwt f om;onf ½du k cf surf nfrQukd azmfñeT ;f oenf;/
à rsO;f 5 vdik ;f trnfukd azmfjyyg/
à Tonic Solfa 1 2 3 4 Note wGif tjrifo h u H kd rnfoYkd azmfjyoenf;/
à Eighth Note ESpv f ;kH udk rnfonfyh pkH jH zifh a&;om;azmfjyEdik o f enf;/
3-1-2/ yavGrw I jf cif;
yavGrw
I jf cif; oifcef;pmwGif ta&;Bu;D aom
yavGvufaygufuikd jf cif; rSeu
f ef&ef avtjyif;taysmh
rSeu
f ef&eftwGuf OD;pGmavhusio hf if,&l rnf jzpfyg
onf/ yavG\ tay:oH;k aygufukd b,fbufvuf
vufo<l u,f? vufcv,f? vufñKd§ ;wdu Yk kd toH;k jyKí
ydw&f rnfjzpfNy;D atmufbuf 3 aygufukd nmbufvuf vufo<l u,f? vufcv,f? vufñKd§ ;
wdu
Yk kd toH;k jyKí ydw&f rnfjzpfonf/ vufaygufrsm;tm;vH;k udk vufjzifh vHak tmifyw
d &f eftwGuf
owdxm;í avhusi&hf rnfjzpfonf/

30
ausmi;fo;kHpmtykf *w
D tEyknm q|rwe;f

- oauw F wezf;kdrsm;ukd yavjGziahfvu h sijhfci;f

yavjGzirhfrw I rfD atmuyfg oauw F wezf;kdrsm;ukd ]]w}l} [alom tox
H u
G jfzihf O;DpmGEw
I rfS
&w
G q
f akdvuh siyhfg/ Ny;Daemuf yavjGzihf avu h siyfhg/

Whole Note
to&Hn
S f (½u
kd cfsuf av;csuf jyno
hf nt
f xd rw
I yfg/)

Half Note

to&Hn
S f (½u
kd cfsuf EpScfsuf jyno
hf nt
f xd rw
I yfg/)

Quarter Note

kd cfsuw
½u f pcfsupfD tojHzwí
f av;csujfynahftmif
rwI yfg/

Eighth Note (Quaver)

½u
kd cfsuwf pcfsuw
f iGf EpSo
f x
H u
G f av;csujfynafhtmif
rwI yfg/

oauw
F wezf;kdrsm;a&maEmSí rw
I jfci;f

- oauw
F Note rsm;EiShf Rest rsm;ukd wí
JG avu
h sijhfci;f
Whole Note Ei
S hf Whole Rest

31
ausmif;oH;k pmtkyf *DwtEkynm q|rwef;

Half Note ESihf Half Rest

Quarter Note ESihf Quarter Rest

Eighth Note ESihf Eighth Rest

t"dutcsufrsm;
 yavGavhusichf ef;rsm;udk rSeu f efpmG rIwEf ikd &f ef oauFwwefz;kd (Value of Note ESihf
Value of Rest ) rsm;udk aocsmpGm avhvmoif,& l ef vdt k yfonf/
 oauFwwefz;kd rsm;udk rSeu f efpmG &Gwqf wkd ;D rIwEf ikd &f ef Beat ½ku
d cf suu
f kd owdjyKí
½du
k &f ef vdt
k yfonf/
 avhusi&hf mwGif rSeu
f efr&I adS p&ef q&mu Timing udk jznf;nif;pGm ac:ay;&ygrnf/

avhusif&h efar;cGe;f rsm;

à yavGrw I &f mwGif rnfonft h csurf sm;udk OD;pGmavhusio hf if,&l rnfenf;/
à yavGrw I &f mwGif vufEpS b f ufukd rnfox Ykd m;&rnfenf;/
à Whole Note udk ½du k cf surf nfrQMumatmif toH&n S qf í JG rIw&f rnfenf;/
à Quater Note udk ½du k cf surf nfrQMumatmif toH&n S qf í JG rIw&f rnfenf;/
à Half Rest onf ½du k cf suf rnfrQ&yfem;&rnfenf;/
à Eighth Rest onf ½du k cf suf rnfrQ&yfem;&rnfenf;/
3-1-3/ *DwoauFwrsm;udk yavGjzifah vhusifjh cif; (yavGvufaygufavhusifjh cif;)
yavGrw I &f mwGif rIwo f iG ;f aom av udk xde;f odr;f &efEiS hf vQmtoH;k jyKí rIw&f jcif;rSm
ta&;Bu;D aomtcsuf jzpfygonf/ yavGpwifrw I &f mü toHtjyif;taysmu h kd xde;f odr;f Edik &f ef
yxrOD;pGmrIw&f mwGif avudk qyfjymyl;aygif;rIwo f uJo
h Ykd jznf;nif;pGm rIw&f rnfjzpfonf/
avjyif;jyif;rIwaf omtcg tjrifo h (H pl;&SaomtoH)udk &&Srd nfjzpfNy;D avaysmah ysmrh w
I af omtcg
tedro
hf u
H kd &&SEd ikd rf nfjzpfonf/

32
ausmi;fo;kHpmtykf *w
D tEyknm q|rwe;f

f ikdefn;f )
G uafyguu
( yavv

a&;SO;DpmG yavv G uafygut f m;v;kHukd yw d í

f Ew I rfS 'kd [k &w G q f ykdg/
yykHgtwikd;f 'w k , d tayguu f kd ziGíhf Ew I rfS a& [k &w G qf ykdg/
quv f uí f rD zm qkd vm wD txd vuafyguf wpafygupfu Dd kd ziGí
hf Ew
I rfS &wG qf ykdg/
wD tow H iGf vuafygut f m;v;kH ziGx hf m;ont hf wu G f vurf? vuo f e;fwjYkdzihf
xed;fxm;yg/
vuafygut f m;v;kHukd ziGx hf m;Ny;D wD [k &w G q f ykdg/
xaYdkemuf tay:rS b,v f un§ f Kd;ukd yw d Nfy;D vm [k &w G q f ykdg/
vucfv,u f kd ywd Nfy;D qkd [k &w G q f ykdg/
xekdn;ftwikd;f vuafyguf wpafygucfsi;fpD tpOv f u kd yfwd Nfy;D zm rD a& 'kd [k &w G qf ykdg/

33
ausmif;oH;k pmtkyf *DwtEkynm q|rwef;

 xdtk wdik ;f toHwpfjyef(One Octave) udk twuftqif; vufaygufziG yhf w d tf m; EIwrf S

&Gwq f í kd avhusiyhf g/
 xdek nf;twdik ;f tBurd rf sm;pGm avhusiyhf gu yavGopH Of wnfae&mudk od&EdS ikd Nf y;D
vG,u f pl mG rIwEf ikd rf nfjzpfonf/
 vufaygufrsm;udk oauFw&Gwq f akd vhusiNhf y;D aemuf vufawGUrIwjf cif;udk qufvuf
jyKvyk &f rnfjzpfonf/
 yavGukd wpfaygufpD zGiahf omtcg jrifw h ufomG ;aom toH ('dk a& rD zm qdk vm wD 'd)k
udk &&Srd nf jzpfNy;D wpfaygufpD ydwaf omtcg edrq h mG ;aomtoH ( 'dk wD vm qdk zm
hf ifo
rD a& 'd)k udk &&Srd nfjzpfonf/

'dk
;

wD wD
u
fpa
u
w

vm vm
ft
HpO
o

qdk qdk
o
HpO
ft

zm zm
q
if;p
au

rD rD
;

a& a&
'dk 'dk

xdaYk emuf atmufygavhusichf ef;rsm;udk yavGjzifh rIw&f rnfjzpfonf/

Whole note

1 3 5 i

5 3 1 2

4 6 2 7

5 3 1

34
ausmi;fo;kHpmtykf *w
D tEyknm q|rwe;f

Half note

Quarter note

Eighth note

35
ausmif;oH;k pmtkyf *DwtEkynm q|rwef;

3-2/ ]]&Sr;f ½d;k ru td;k pnfo}H } oDcsif;

3-2-1/ ]]&Sr;f ½d;k ru td;k pnfo}H } oDcsif;\t"dyÜm,fukd avhvmjcif;? toHaetoHxm;
pnf;0g; rSeu f efpmG jzifh oDqjkd cif; ESihf 'dk a& rD oauFwjzifh oDqjkd cif;
&Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;\ ½d;k &m"avhx;kH wrf;pOfvmrsm;ESihf &Sr;f jynf\ obm0tvSw&m;
rsm;taMumif;a&;zGUJ xm;aom oDcsi;f jzpfonf/

½Sr;f td;k pnf0ikd ;f ESihf udE&é ?D udE&é m tu

36
ausmi;fo;kHpmtykf *w
D tEyknm q|rwe;f

]] &rS;f½;kdru t;kdpno
f H }} ocDsi;f

n§if;

37
ausmif;oH;k pmtkyf *DwtEkynm q|rwef;

]]&Sr;f ½d;k ru td;k pnfo}H } oDcsi;f tprS tqH;k xd q&mu pnf;0g;wD;í qdjk yonf
odrYk [kwf oDcsi;f zGijfh yonfukd pmom;tm; Munfí h aocsmpGmem;axmifyg/
tyd'k f (1) oDcsi;f pmom;tm; Munfyh g/ q&mu pnf;0g;wD;í qdjk yonf odrYk [kwf oDcsi;f zGijhf y
onfukd *½kwpdu k ef m;axmifyg/
oDcsi;f pmom;udk Munf½h eI m;axmifNy;D oDcsi;f \ t"dymÜ ,fEiS hf rnfocYkd pH m;&onfukd
tkypf zk UJG íaqG;aEG;yg/ xdaYk emuf q&mESihf tjyeftvSef aqG;aEG;yg/
tyd'k f (2)ESihf tyd'k f (3) wdu
Yk kd txufygtwdik ;f aqG;aEG;yg/

]]&Sr;f ½d;k ru td;k pnfo}H }oDcsi;f tyd'k f (1) tm; q&mu pnf; 0g;wD;cwfí oDqjkd yonf
odrYk [kwf oDcsi;f zGijhf yonfukd toHaetoHxm;ESihf pnf;0g; rSeu f efap&ef *½kpukd í
f em;axmif
yg/
oDcsi;f pmom;udk Munfí h q&mESit hf wl avhusio hf qD ykd g/
txufygtwdik ;f tyd'k f (2) ESihf tyd'k f (3) wdu Yk kd toHaetoHxm;rSeu f efpmG avhusihf
oif,yl g/
oDcsi;f tp rS tqH;k xd rdrw d u Ykd ,
kd w f ikd f avhusiohf q D ykd g/
xdaYk emuf ]]&Sr;f ½d;k ru td;k pnfo}H }oDcsi;f udk 'dk a& rD oauFwjzifh oDqakd vhusi&hf rnf
jzpfonf/
]]&Sr;f ½d;k ru td;k pnfo}H }oDcsi;f tyd'k f (1) tm; q&mu 'dk a& rD *DwoauFwjzifh
oDqjkd yonf odrYk [kwf oDcsi;f zGijhf yonfukd aocsmpGmem;axmifyg/
oauFwudk Munfí h q&mESit hf wl 3 Burd cf efY avhusio hf qD ykd g/
rdrw d u Ykd ,kd w
f ikd f avhusio
hf q
D ykd g/
txufygenf;twdik ;f tyd'k f (2) ESihf (3) udk avhusio hf if,yl g/

t"dutcsufrsm;
 cHpm;csux f nfí
h oDqEkd ikd &f eftwGuf oDcsi;f \ t"dymÜ ,fukd em;vnf&efvt kd yfonf/
 aysm&f iT Mf unfE;l zG,f oDq&kd aom oDcsi;f jzpfonf/
 toHaetoHxm;rSeu f efap&efEiS hf pnf;0g;useap&ef owdjyK&rnf/
 oDcsi;f pmom;ESihf *DwoauFwrsm;udk rSeu f efpmG oDqEkd ikd &f ef vdt
k yfygu q&m\
tultnDukd ,lyg/

avhusif&h efvyk if ef;rsm;

à tzGUJ ESpzf UJG zGUJ í wpfzUJG csi;f u ]]&Sr;f ½d;k ru td;k pnfo}H } oDcsi;f tm; toHaetoHxm;
rSeu f efpmG oDqykd g/ oDqrkd u I kd tjyeftvSef tuJjzwfyg/ tMujH yKyg/ tcsi;f csi;f
ulno D q D ykd g/

38
ausmi;fo;kHpmtykf *w
D tEyknm q|rwe;f

à tzUJG EpSzfUJG zUJGí wpzfUJGcsi;fu ]]&rS;f½;kdru t;kdpno f }H} ocDsi;f\ *w

D oauwF tm;
toaHetox H m;reSu f epfmG oqD ykdg/ oq D rkdu
I kd tjyetf veSf tujJzwyfg/ tMujHyKyg/
tcsi;fcsi;f un l o D q
D ykdg/
3-2-2/ ]]&rS;f½;kdru t;kdpno f }H} ocDsi;fukd yavjGzihf pn;fcsun f n D rDw I jfci;f
]]&rS;f½;kdru t;kdpno f }H} aw;ocDsi;f\ oauw F rsm;tm; q&mu tptq;kH rw I jfyonu f kd
em;axmiyfg/
yxry'kdf &pSb f m;tm; q&mu jzn;fni;fpmG rw I jfyonu f kd em;axmiyfg/
wpb f m;csi;fpu D kd yavv G uafygurfeSu f epfmG ziGahfpNy;D Ew I rfS oauw F ukd &w G qf ykdg/
EpSaf,muw f pw f pJGw D í JG oauw F ukd Ew I rfS &w G qf Nkdy;D vuafygurfeSf rreSu f kd tcsi;fcsi;f
Mun½hfyIg/ un l í D jyiafy;yg/
q&mEiShf twl vuafygut f ziGthf ywd f reSuf eafp&ef *½pku kd íf rw I yfg/
rrdwd u Ykd ,kd wf ikdrfwI yfg/
'wk , d y'kdf &pSb f m;EiShf ww, d y'kdf cekpb f m;wu Ykd kd txuyfgen;ftwikd;f quv f uf
avuh sihf oi, f ylg/
xaYkdemuf aw;ocDsi;ftprt S q;kHxd q&mrw I jfyont hf wikd;f vu kd rfw I yfg/
ausmif;om;rsm;u, kd w f ikdf aw;ocDsi;ftprS tq;kHxd wpq f uw f n;f rw I yfg/

t"u
d tcsurfsm;
q&mrw I jfyaom yavt G ou H kd oauw F tm; Muní hf vuafygut f ziGt
hf yw
d f
vu kd v
f vH ykafqmiyfg/
p;l&aSomtorHsm; rxu G afp&ef oauw F ukd Muní
hf tot H jyi;ftaysmh reSu
f eafp&ef
avukd xed;fí rw I yfg/
vt kd yyfgu q&m\ tut l nu D ,kd ylg/
ty'kdf (3) \ oauw F opHOo f nf ty'kdf (1) \ oauw F opHOEfiShf tww
l ylijfzpo f n/f

avu
h si&hfev
f ykife;frsm;
à tzUJG EpSzfUJG zUJGí wpzfUJGu oauw F ukd oqD Nkdy;D uset
f zUJGu oauw F ukd Muní
hf
yavjGzirhfw I yfg/ tjyet
f veSf tujJzwyfg/ tMujHyKyg/ tcsi;fcsi;f un
l yDg/

39
ausmif;oH;k pmtkyf *DwtEkynm q|rwef;

3-3/ ]]ausmif;aumifp}D } oDcsif;

3-3-1/ ]]ausmif;aumifp}D } oDcsif;\t"dyÜm,fukd avhvmjcif;? toHaetoHxm; pnf;0g;
rSeu f efpmG jzifh oDqjkd cif;ESihf 'dk a& rD oauFwjzifh oDqjkd cif;
toif;tzGUJ ESihf pkaygif;vkyu f ikd v
f pkd w
d ?f ywf0ef;usiu
f kd ulnvD pdk w
d ?f wm0ef,v
l pkd w
d ?f
rdru
d , kd u
f sKd ;udk rMunfb h J trsm;tusKd ; o,fy;kd xrf;aqmifvpkd w d rf sm; jzpfay:vmap&ef
a&;zGUJ xm;aom oDcsi;f jzpfygonf/

ausmif;aumifpD uwdopömcH,al eyHk

40
ausmif;oH;k pmtkyf *DwtEkynm q|rwef;

]] ausmif;aumifpD }} oDcsi;f
Intro

12 34 55 5 23 45 66 6 17 65 43 2 23 76 53 27

1 5 5 3 3 3 1 32 1 1 7 6 5
rd rd udk,f udk aumif;atmif BudK; pm;rnf rd rd twef; udk

5 3 43 2 3 2 5 4 6 5 17 6 5 4 32 3
aumif;atmif BudK; pm;rnf rd rd ausmif; udk aumif;atmif BudK; pm;rnf rd rd wdkif;jynf twGuf

2 6 3 2 1 56 53 03 3 56 53 26 2
aumif;atmif BudK; pm; rnf uwd av;csufudk rl wnf zGJUpnf; cJhwJh ausmif; aumifpD

6 54 32 5 6 54 32 5 6 6 71 21 71 6
toif; ig;oif; zGJU ygonf taemf&xm usefppfom;eJY bk&ifhaemif

56 54 34 32 1 03 13 5 61 56 35 13
tavmif;bk&m;eJY AE¨KvwJh trnf udk,fh 0ef udk,f xrf; vkyfief;rSeforQpkaygif;aqmif&Guf

2 5 63 5 63 4 52 4 52 03 25 43 21
rnf udkf,f aumif; &ef wpfudk,f aumif; rqef xufoefaom rsdK;cspf pdwfeJY

1 76 5 05 65 61 76 45 43 2 3 2 66 66
ZGJ vHkY v nD udk,fh tm;udk udk,f udk;vdkY udk,fusdK;pGefYMurnf ausmif;wGif; 'Drdkua&pD

6 7 2 23 76 53 27 1
xl axmif rnf jynfolYom;aumif;orD;aumif; ausmif;aumifpD

41
ausmif;oH;k pmtkyf *DwtEkynm q|rwef;

]]ausmif;aumifp}D } oDcsi;f tprS tqH;k xd q&mu pnf;0g;wD;í qdjk yonf odrYk [kwf
oDcsi;f zGijfh yonfukd pmom;tm; Munfí h aocsmpGmem;axmifyg/
tyd'k f (1) oDcsi;f pmom;tm; Munfyh g/ q&mu pnf;0g;wD;í qdjk yonf odrYk [kwf
oDcsi;f zGijhf yonfukd *½kwpdu k ef m;axmifyg/
oDcsi;f pmom;udk Munf&h eI m;axmifNy;D oDcsi;f \ t"dymÜ ,fEiS hf rnfocYkd pH m;&onfukd
tkypf zk UJG íaqG;aEG;yg/ xdaYk emuf q&mESihf tjyeftvSef aqG;aEG;yg/
tyd'k f (2) ESihf tyd'k f (3) wdUk udk txufygtwdik ;f aqG;aEG;yg/
]]ausmif;aumifp}D } oDcsi;f tyd'k f (1) tm; q&mu pnf;0g;wD;cwfí oDqjkd yonf
odrYk [kwf oDcsi;f zGijhf yonfukd toHaetoHxm;ESihf pnf;0g; rSeu f efap&ef *½kpu kd í
f
em;axmifyg/
oDcsi;f pmom;udk Munfí h q&mESit hf wl avhusio hf qD ykd g/
txufygtwdik ;f tyd'k f (2) ESihf tyd'k f (3) wdu Yk kd toHaetoHxm;rSeu f efpmG avhusihf
oif,yl g/
oDcsi;f tp rS tqH;k xd rdrw d u Ykd ,kd w f ikd f avhusiohf q D ykd g/
xdaYk emuf ]]ausmif;aumifp}D } oDcsi;f udk 'dk a& rD oauFwjzifh oDqakd vhusi&hf rnf
jzpfonf/
]]ausmif;aumifp}D } oDcsi;f tyd'k f (1) tm; q&mu 'dk a& rD *DwoauFwjzifh oDqjkd yonf
odrYk [kwf oDcsi;f zGijhf yonfukd aocsmpGmem;axmifyg/
oauFwudk Munfí h q&mESit hf wl 3 Burd cf efY avhusio hf q
D ykd g/
rdrw d u
Ykd ,
kd w
f ikd f avhusio hf q
D ykd g/
txufygenf;twdik ;f tyd'k f (2) ESihf (3) udk avhusio hf if,yl g/
t"dutcsufrsm;
 cHpm;csux f nfíh oDqEkd ikd &f eftwGuf oDcsi;f \ t"dymÜ ,fukd em;vnf&efvt kd yfonf/
 aysm&f iT Mf unfE;l zG,f oDq&kd aom oDcsi;f jzpfonf/
 toHaetoHxm;rSeu f efap&efEiS hf pnf;0g;useap&ef owdjyK&rnf/
 oDcsi;f pmom;ESihf *DwoauFwrsm;udk rSeu f efpmG oDqEkd ikd &f ef vdt
k yfygu q&m\
tultnDu, kd yl g/

avhusif&h efvyk if ef;rsm;

à tzGUJ ESpzf UJG zGUJ í wpfzUJG csi;f u ]]ausmif;aumifp}D } oDcsi;f tm; toHaetoHxm;rSeu f efpmG
oDqykd g/ oDqrkd u I kd tjyeftvSef tuJjzwfyg/ tMujH yKyg/ tcsi;f csi;f ulno D qD ykd g/
à tzGUJ ESpzf UJG zGUJ í wpfzUJG csi;f u ]]ausmif;aumifp}D } oDcsi;f \ *DwoauFwtm; toHae
toHxm;rSeu f efpmG oDqykd g/ oDqrkd u
I kd tjyeftvSef tuJjzwfyg/ tMujH yKyg/ tcsi;f csi;f
ulno D q D ykd g/

42
ausmi;fo;kHpmtykf *w
D tEyknm q|rwe;f

3-3-2/ ]]ausmi;faumipf}D} ocDsi;fukd yavjGzihf pn;fcsun f n D rDw I jfci;f

]]ausmi;faumipf}D} aw;ocDsi;f\ oauw F rsm;tm; q&mu tptq;kHrw I jfyonu f kd
em;axmiyfg/
yxry'kdf &pSb f m;tm; q&mu jzn;fni;fpmG rw I jfyonu f kd em;axmiyfg/
wpb f m;csi;fpu D kd yavv G uafygurfeSu f epfmG ziGahfpNy;D Ew I rfS oauw F ukd &w G qf ykdg/
EpSaf,muw f pw f pJGw
D íJG oauw F ukd Ew I rfS &wG qf Nkdy;D vuafygurfeSf rreSu f kd tcsi;fcsi;f
Mun½hfyIg/ un l í D jyiafy;yg/
q&mEiShf twl vuafygut f ziGthf ywd f reSuf eafp&ef *½pku kd í
f rw I yfg/
rrdwd u Ykd , kd wf ikdrfw I yfg/
'wk ,d y'kdf ajcmub f m;EiShf ww, d y'kdf q,w hf pb f m;wUkdukd txuyfgen;ftwikd;f
quv f uafvu h sio hf i, f ylg/
xaYkdemuf aw;ocDsi;ftprt S q;kHxd q&mrw I jfyont hf wikd;f vu kd rfwI yfg/
uav;rsm;u, kd w f ikdf aw;ocDsi;ftprS tq;kHxd wpq f uw f n;f rw I yfg/

t"u
d tcsurfsm;
q&mrw I jfyaom yavt G ou H kd oauw F tm; Muní hf vuafygut f ziGt
hf yw
d f vukd v
f H
vykafqmiyfg/
p;l&aSomtorHsm; rxu G afp&ef oauw F ukd Muní
hf tot H jyi;ftaysmh reSu
f eafp&ef
avukd xed;fí rw I yfg/
vt kd yyfgu q&m\ tut l nu D ,
kd ylg/

avu
h si&hfev
f ykife;frsm;
à tzUJG EpSzfUJG zUJGí wpzfUJGu oauw F ukd oqD Nkdy;D uset
f zUJGu oauw F ukd Muní
hf
yavjGzirhfw I yfg/ tjyet
f veSf tujJzwyfg/ tMujHyKyg/ tcsi;fcsi;f un
l yDg/

3-4/ taxaGxAG[o
k w
k
3-4-1/ t;kdpn0fikd;f
t;kdpno
f nf jrerfmEikdifaHwm&fdS wikd;f&i;fom;rsm; tjrww f E;kd&o
dS nhf om;a&w&l, d m
wprfsKd;jzpyfgon/f jynof EliShf te;Duyq f ;kHw&l,
d mjzpo f n/f jynafxmipfzkmG; wikd;f&i;fom;rsm;
wiGvf n;f ½;kd&mt;kdpnrfsm; &MdSuon/f t;kdpno f nf om;a&w&l, d mwprfsKd;jzpNfy;D tb"dmef
usr;f*ev f m pnf 5 rsKd;teuf ]tmww} pn[ f akc:aom wpzfuyfw d pfntf rsKd;tpm;yif
jzpo
f n/f

43
ausmif;oH;k pmtkyf *DwtEkynm q|rwef;

td;k pnf0ikd ;f wD;cwfaeyHk

- td;k pnfw&l , d m pwifay:aygufvmyHk
td;k pnfw&l ,
d mudk rnfonfah cwfu pwifay:aygufonf[rk cef rh eS ;f Edik af omfvnf;
a&S;tusq;kH tjzpf aq;a&;yef;csw D pfcjk zpfaom yk*NH rKd U? jrif;uyg&Gmawmifbuf e*g;½kb H &k m;
A[dw k ikd af tmufajcyv’i\ f cg;wGif a&;qGx J m;onfukd awG&Y onf/ xdyk w kH iG f td;k pnfw;D aeolonf
b,fbufvufarmif;atmufwiG f td;k pnfun kd y§ í
f wD;ae[ef&o dS nf/ xdpk Ofu td;k pnfrmS
,ckacwft;kd pnft&G,rf Q &S[ d efrwlay/ c&pfouú&mZf 1904 ckEpS x f wk f tD;a*sb;kd vfpwef;
a&;om;cJo h nfh pmwrf;wGif td;k pnftwdik ;f twmudk 2 ay 4 vufr rsuEf mS jyif ]jAuf} 8 vufr
&SNd y;D td;k pnfuav;rSm 1 ay 3 vufr &So d nf[k azmfjyxm;onf/ ,aeYacwf awGjY rif&aom
td;k pnfrsm;rSm uke;f abmifacwfwiG f toH;k jyKcahJ om td;k pnfEiS hf yHpk rH sm;pGm wlnaD yonf/
- td;k pnfw&l , d mudk acwftqufquf toH;k jyKyHk
a&S;,cif acwftqufqufuyif td;k pnfukd awmifov l ,form;? aus;vufjynforl sm;
wD;cwfcMhJ uonf/ aus;vufo;kH wl&, d mtjzpf toH;k jyKcahJ Mumif; &mr&uefq&mBu;D OD;wd;k u
]]td;k pnfEiS ahf wmwGi;f ? apmif;jiif;a½TNrKd U? onfuo hJ wYkd iG ?f NrKd UESit
hf ;kd pnfupH yfonfv?Ykd t&Snf
tcif;? rif;xH;k rus}} [k pyfqckd o hJ nf/ q&maZmf*su D vnf; ]]td;k pnftuonf uke;f abmifacwfO;D
a&TbNkd rKd Uwpf0ukd wf iG f awmifow l \
Ykd b0ESihf tEkynmÓPfrS ay:aygufvmaom twD;? tu}}
jzpfaMumif; &opmayed'gef; pmtkyw f iG f a&;om;cJoh nf/ rif;wke;f rif;w&m;Bu;D vufxufwiG f
td;k pnfukd xD;oH;k ? eef;oH;k tjzpf toH;k jyKvmcJMh uonft h wGuf td;k pnf\vufww H iG f a&Tyed ;f csNy;D
EIwcf rf;0udk rSepf aD &Tcsjcif;? rsuEf mS pmxdy0f udk uwåyD gMum,yfjzifh qif,ifrrG ;f rHvmMuygonf/
xdpk Ofu twGi;f awmft;kd pnfrmS tvGeef mrnfBu;D cJo h nf/ eef;oH;k td;k pnfjzpfonfEiS t hf nD
a&SUawmfajy;td;k pnf? orD;awmft;kd pnfEiS hf eef;rawmft;kd pnf[í l trnfrsm;cGjJ cm;owfrw S f
xm;Muonf/
44
ausmif;oH;k pmtkyf *DwtEkynm q|rwef;

td;k pnfukd ywfpmuyfNy;D vufEpS zf ufjzifh wD;cwfMuonf/ b,fvufonf toHukd

tkyw f ;D í nmvufonf toHuv kd okd vdx k uG af tmif wD;avh&MdS uonf/ ywfpmuyfruyf?
toHxu G f aumif;raumif; prf;oyfvv kd Qif ac:oHukd ½du k w
f ;D enf;jzifv
h nf;aumif;? xHo k u
H kd
xkw;D enf;jzifv h nf;aumif; prf;oyfEikd o f nf/ td;k pnfw;D enf;rsm;wGif (1) b,fapmif;? nmapmif;
wD;cwfenf;? (2) b,fwnf?h nmwnf½h u kd wf ;D enf;? (3) b,fx?l nmxl xkw;D enf;ESihf (4)
b,fnmydww f ;D enf;[lí tMurf;tm;jzifh &Syd gonf/
td;k pnfukd b,fapmif;? nmapmif;wD;&mwGif ]]wyfy&yf}} toHxu G Nf y;D b,fwnf?h
nmwnfh ½du k wf ;D &mwGif ]]wd;k wd;k wd;k wd;k }} [lonfh toHxu G af y:onf/ b,fx?l nmxl
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45
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46
ausmif;oH;k pmtkyf *DwtEkynm q|rwef;

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47