4 ‘PLOWING WATER PIBH CULTURE Temperature *F Growth Figure 2.1. Plt of brook trout growth in units of fish length at temperatures trom 42 to 52°F, (Haskell 1959). 155 128 ‘Temperature “C 17 Growth Figure 2.2, When Haskell's (1959) data ar fted to a regression ne forced through the ctigin of the graph in accordance with the MTU growth prediction method (Piper et al. 1982), the accuracy of the model is reduced. Research at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Fish Culture Development Center in Bozeman, Montana has defined the MTU requirements for some salmonid species. Brook trout (Dwyer ct al. 1981a) required 7.2 Centigrade ‘MTUjem of growth in the temperature range of 7 to 19°C, but only 6.1 MTU/em from 10 10 16°C (Table 2.1). Rainbow trout (Dwyer et al. 1981b) required 5.8 MTU/em at 13°C and an average of 7.1 MTU/em in the temperature PSH GROWTH WN HATCNETIES s Table 2.1. MTU (average monthly temperature, °C) required per Centimeter of Brook Trout Growth at Temperatures from 4 to 19°C Exposure MTU required temperature, °C ‘om of growth, 4 182a 7 7b 10 58 be 13 87 be 18 88 be 19 a1b Mean (7-19°0) 72 Mean (10-16°0) es Note: Values followed by the same leer are not significantly different (P > 0.08). ‘Attor Dwyer et al. (19812). range of 7 to 19°C (Table 2.2). In the temperature range of 4 to 16°C, lake trout (Dwyer et al. 1981c) required 5.4 Centigrade MTU/em of growth (Table 2,3). Steeihead trout (Dwyer et al. 1982) required 10.9 MTU/em in the range from 4 to 19°C, but only 8.5 MTU/em at 13°C (Table 2.4). An average of 10.1 MTUjem were required for Atlantic salmon (Dwyer and Piper 1987) at ter- peratures ranging from 7 to 16°C, but growth efficiency was significantly reduced at 4 and 19°C (Table 2.5). Notice that the temperature units required per centimeter of growth for these species are generally greater at the extremes of the temperature ranges tested than within a narrower, optimum temperature range. This demonstrates that fish grow most efficiently within rather narrow ranges of temperature. ‘Andrews et al. (1972) presented data on the growth of channel catfish at temperatures from 24 to 30°C. When their reported final weights are converted to length (Piper et al. 1982), and length increment is plotted against temper ture, the intercept is negative, Thus, the ‘TU procedure is inappropriate for these data. When the MTU method of growth projection is applied, a useable growth model for catfish is obtained (Table 2.6). An average of 6.3 Centigrade MTU were required per centimeter of catfish growth at temperatures from 24 to 30°C. Soderberg (1990) found that the growth rate vs. temperature plot for blue tilapia, Oreochromis aureas, had an intercept of 17.8°C (Figure 2.3). An average of 6.9 Centigrade TU were required per centimeter of tilapia growth in the temperature range of 20 to 30°C, where the temperature units available per month equal the average monthly water temperature minus 17.8°C (Table 20. Meade et al. (1983) studied the temperature related growth of tiger muskel- lunge, Esox lucius x E. masquinongy. In the temperature range of 14 to 24°C, 3104 cmearly fingerlings required 3.8 Centigrade MTU/em of growth. Larger fish (12 to 13 cm) required 5.8 MTU/em from 18 to 28°C, and 5.1 MTU/em from 18 to 24°C (Table 2.8).