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    6K views193 pages

    Edexcel IAL Further Pure Mathematics 1 Student Book

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    Pradeep
    New F1 Textbook IAL

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    WN USE CH Uae FURTHER PURE PU ee STUDENT BOOK PDF COMPILED BY SAAD PEARSON EDEXCEL INTERNATIONAL A LEVEL FURTHER PURE UA EUG ‘tshes by Posen Edvation Line, 80 Star, Landon, W2R ORL. ‘wwespearsorgioaschaols com Cops ffi specications ora Pearson qualifies may be found nthe ‘websteHipe/quatTeatonspecrson.com “ox © Pearson Eduction Listes 2018 ‘Designed by Pearson Education Lint 2018 “ypest by Tec StL, Gateshead UK ted ny Ere Prat Orighaltuisations © Petron Education Limies 2018 sated by © Tect-Set i, Gateead, UR (Cove design © Pearson Eatcation Lmtd 2018, “The igs of ug Attod, Jack Baractouph, lan Belson, Lew Cope, Cares ‘Garo Cox, Koh Gatck, Danll Goldberg, Alc Macphorsn, Anne MeAoe, ‘Bronwen Moran, SuNSholson, Lauter Pateman, Joe Pern Kath Pleer ‘Gong San, Joe Stakowsh, Hary Sh, Gao Staoy ané Dave Wikis fo ‘cents the ashore of his work have been aserted by them in accordance ‘wr tre Copyright Designs ana Patents Act 1988 Fst pubines 2018 ‘ris Library Cataloguing in Publication Data ‘catalogue recor for his book fs avalable fom the Beh Library sangre ees 548 Copyright noice ‘Allights reserve. No par of his may be reproduce in ay etm by any means frchsing photocopying o storeg tin any acum by croc means and ‘wbste o not vanity or Iocan) to soe oa use ef hs publoon) ‘ithou th writen person othe copa ume, except in accordance with ‘he poions ofthe Copy. Belg and Pars Act O88 or under the ame of emee nase ty the Copyright Loenang Agency, Barons tn 08 Fete ano, London, EGA TEN (wcla.cou Aopicatins forte copyriat owners ‘ites pemiosen shui be odaresed he publshe Protein Slovekia by Neograia Picture Crocs ‘Tho ashore and pubtsher would keto ark ne folowing nels and rgareatiog fr permission to reproduce polographe [Alamy Stock Phot: Pau Flu 92; Gety Image: Seton Bradshaw 36, Dave rood 1, Duvanut So 49, ort 76, midawten 76, Mars Bas 127: Paul Neder 28 ‘Cover images: Font: Getty Images: Werner Van Sten Insert cover Shutterstock eom: Omit Labor ‘other images © Pearson ESucaton Limited 2018 ‘sl artwork © Pearson Edveaton Uited 28 Endorsement Statement rower to enaure hal hi retcuce fe highly sia forthe atocited Pearson auton, thas bob trou ave process by the awaring body “Ths proces covfme al thwsoure fy comes the teaching a earn contnt ofthe sposteaton or prof a soctoation at which ti med lso onfima that emonavates an appropiate balance betweon the devaonent fai sts role an ncetndig aan panton Ensocstmant a nt cover any gusance on atetementactitas or proceenea {@9-procice uestons or advice on how to wsewerasossrien questions) Iruted mtn recite, rer does t pesca parc appreach 10h teaching oF delivery ofa elated course. le the pubiars have made erry arp to enue that advice onthe (qualflcaton ands assessments accurate, the oficial epecfeaten ahd ‘icoited assesment gute mater re the any eave sere Irtoraton ana stous aways be refs to for dott guidance, Pearson examiners have nt contributed to any actions inthis resource relevant to ‘ramnaton papers er whien hey have responsbiy. ascecoment st by Poaron. Endorsmant of arovoure dees mean that he resource i rogue to schave ths Pearson quailtin, pox dows rea that Is tre ery eutabe matora avaible to support the qualcaton and ary rsource 1s produced by te awarding body shal icudo tha and ther approprate COL COURSE STRUCTURE ABOUT THIS BOOK vi QUALIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT OVERVIEW viii EXTRA ONLINE CONTENT x 1 COMPLEX NUMBERS 1 2 ROOTS OF QUADRATIC EQUATIONS 28 3 NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS OF EQUATIONS 36 4 COORDINATE SYSTEMS 49 REVIEW EXERCISE 1 71 5 MATRICES 76 6 TRANSFORMATIONS USING MATRICES 92 7 SERIES 116 8 PROOF 127 REVIEW EXERCISE 2 141 EXAM PRACTICE 145 GLOSSARY 147 ANSWERS 150 INDEX 173 CHAPTER 1 COMPLEX NUMBERS 1.1 IMAGINARY AND COMPLEX NUMBERS 1.2 MULTIPLYING COMPLEX NUMBERS 1.3 COMPLEX CONJUGATION 1.4 ARGAND DIAGRAMS 1.5 MODULUS AND ARGUMENT 1.6 MODULUS-ARGUMENT FORM OF COMPLEX NUMBERS: 1.7 ROOTS OF QUADRATIC EQUATIONS 1.8 SOLVING CUBIC AND QUARTIC EQUATIONS CHAPTER REVIEW 1 CHAPTER 2 ROOTS OF QUADRATIC EQUATIONS 2.1 ROOTS OF A QUADRATIC EQUATION 2.2 FORMING QUADRATIC EQUATIONS WITH NEW ROOTS CHAPTER REVIEW 2 CHAPTER 3 NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS OF EQUATIONS 3.1 LOCATING ROOTS 3.2 INTERVAL BISECTION 3.3 LINEAR INTERPOLATION 3.4 THE NEWTON-RAPHSON METHOD CHAPTER REVIEW 3 = 15 16 18 22 28 29 3 34 36 37 39 4 44 47 aca CHAPTER 4 COORDINATE SYSTEMS 49 4.1 PARAMETRIC EQUATIONS 50 4.2 THE GENERAL EQUATION OF A PARABOLA 53 4.3 THE EQUATION FOR A RECTANGULAR HYPERBOLA. THE EQUATION OF THE ‘TANGENT AND THE EQUATION OF THE NORMAL 60 CHAPTER REVIEW 4 68 REVIEW EXERCISE 1 ” CHAPTER 5 MATRICES 76 5.1 INTRODUCTION TO MATRICES 77 5.2 MATRIX MULTIPLICATION 80 5.3 DETERMINANTS 85 5.4 INVERTING A 2 x 2 MATRIX 87 CHAPTER REVIEW 5 89 CHAPTER 6 TRANSFORMATIONS USING MATRICES 92 6.1 LINEAR TRANSFORMATIONS IN TWO DIMENSIONS 93 6.2 REFLECTIONS AND ROTATIONS 97 6.3 ENLARGEMENTS AND STRETCHES 102 6.4 SUCCESSIVE TRANSFORMATIONS 106 6.5 THE INVERSE OF A LINEAR ‘TRANSFORMATION CHAPTER REVIEW 6 110 113 CUTS at CHAPTER 7 SERIES 116 7.1 SUMS OF NATURAL NUMBERS == 117 7.2 SUMS OF SQUARES AND CUBES 120 CHAPTER REVIEW 7 124 CHAPTER 8 PROOF 127 8.1 PROOF BY MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION 128 8.2 PROVING DIVISIBILITY RESULTS == 132 8.3 USING MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION: ‘TO PRODUCE A PROOF FOR A GENERAL TERM OF A RECURRENCE RELATION 134 8.4 PROVING STATEMENTS INVOLVING MATRICES 137 CHAPTER REVIEW 8 139 REVIEW EXERCISE 2 141 EXAM PRACTICE 145 GLOSSARY 147 ANSWERS 150 INDEX 173 ABOUT THIS BOOK The following three themes have been fully integrated throughout the Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Level in Mathematics series, so they can be applied alongside your learning, 1. Mathematical argument, language and proof + Rigorous and consistent approach throughout, + Notation boxes explain key mathematical language and symbols 2. Mathematical problem-solving ‘The Mathematical Problem-Solving Cycle + Hundreds of problem-solving questions, fully integrated r spect he problem 1 into the main exercises + Problem-solving boxes provide tips and strategies interprets et eos = Challenge questions provide extra stretch t j 3. Transferable skills repent iatrmation S= + Transferable skills are embedded throughout this book, in the exercises and in some examples + These skills are signposted to show students which skills they are using and developing Finding your way around the book 5 MATRICES Each chante ie mapped othe specticaton content or easy reterence Each chapter stats with a Istof Learning abjectives “Thora world apotcaions ofthe “The Prior knowledge = mathematics you are about to check helps make sure = Teamn are highlighted at the stat You are raat start the ‘ofthe chapter chapter Glossary terms wil be dont by bold lus text on thai first appearance CUCL aor section begins — | with explanation and key eaming poms ince sae ae signposted where they naturally occur Inthe exeresee and amples Sop by-stop worked ‘examples focus onthe ey types of questions yeu need to tackle Execise questions ae careuly graded so they uth examesive Exam-style questions renae nate and Jurors ger you Jradualy ing you up [areready forthe xa are flagged with © gradual bing yo Problem-solving ‘questions are flagged Each chapter end with a Chaoterreviow with © anda Summay of key points, Altar every few chapters, a Reviow exercise Felps you consolte your teaming with a ots of exam-sive questions Exam practice Mathematics Interational Advanced Sub ny! Batvanced Level Further Pure Mathematics 1 TAful practice paper atthe back oF the book helos you prepare forthe real thing vili QUALIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT OVERVIEW QUALIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT OVERVIEW Qualification and content overview Further Pure Mathematics 1 (FP2) is a compulsory uni International Advanced Subsidiary in Further Mathematics International Advanced Level in Further Mathematics ‘the following qualifications: Assessment overview The following table gives an overview of the assessment for this unit. We recommend that you study this information closely to help ensure that you are fully prepared for this course and know exactly what to expect in the assessment, SSS ES [Availity FPL Further Pure Mathematis1 |332960fIAS [75 | Lhour30mins_| January and June Paper cade WEHOI/O1 16596 of AL First assessment June 2019 AS: International Advanced Subsidiary, IAL: International Advanced A Level. Assessment objectives and weightings Mirmum ae cei Recall, select and use their knowledge of mathematical facts, concepts and techniques ina AO | variety of contexts. 3% Construct rigorous mathematical arguments and proofs through use of precise statements, logical deduction and inference and by the manipulation of mathematical expressions, including the construction of extended arguments for handling substantial problems presented in unstructured form, Recall, select and use their knowledge of standard mathematical models to represent ‘x03. | situations in the real world; recognise and understand given representations involving standard models; present and interpret results from such models in terms of the orginal situation, including discussion of the assumptions made and refinement of such models. Comprehend translations of common realistic contexts into mathematics; use the results of ‘804 | calculations to make predictions, or comment on the context; and, where appropriate, read 5% _ritically and comprehend longer mathematical arguments or examples of applications. Use contemporary calculator technology and other permitted resources (such as formulae 1805 | booklets or statistical tables) accurately and efficiently; understand when not to use such 5% ‘technology, and its limitation, Give answers to appropriate accuracy. 30% 10% Relationship of assessment objectives to units CEU Uu cassie My a Ld rey Marks out of 75 25-30 25-30 os 5-10 5-10 % Bea 335-40 0-6 ony ca Calculators Students may use a calculator in assessments for these qualifications. Centres are responsible for making sure that calculators used by their students meet the requirements given in the table below. Students are expected to have available a calculator with at least the following keys: +,~ x v¥, 4, Im.x,€5 xf, sine, cosine and tangent and their inverses in degrees and decimals of a degree, and in radians; memory. Prohibitions Calculators with any of the following facilities are prohibited in all examinations: + databanks + retrieval of text or formulae + built-in symbolic algebra manipulations + symbolic differentiation and/or integration + language translators + communication with other machines or the internet mx, ix un ey @ Extra online content Whenever you see an Online box, it means that there is extra online content available to support you. SolutionBank SolutionBank provides worked solutions for questions in the book. Download solutions as a PDF or quickly find the solution you need online. Use of technology problems and consolidate your understanding, graphically using technology. Use pre-made GeoGebra activities or Casio resources for a graphic calculator. GeeGebra CASIO. GeoGebra-powered interactives Graphic calculator interactives [EXE):Show coordinates Interact with the mathematics you are learning Explore the mathematics you are learning and using GeoGebra’s easy-to-use tools, gain confidence in using a graphic calculator Calculator tutorials Our helpful video tutorials will guide you through how to use to access the function press: your calculator in the exams. They cover both Casio's scientific Guenw) G) Gurr) @ \ and colour graphic calculators. Finding the value of the first derivative CED Wea cuteness sep git autoinsrctons ™ ‘on exactly which buttons to press and what he Gs a ae ucts on YOU Cake should appear on your calculator’s screen ER a NUMBERS eee After completing this chapter you should be able to: Understand and use the definitions of imaginary and complex numbers > page 2 Add and subi Find solutions to any quadratic equation with real coe +t complex numbers > pages2-3 cients > pages 4-5 Multiply complex numbers » pages5-6 Understand the definition of a complex conjugate ~ pages 7-8 Divide complex numbers ~ pages 7-8 Show complex numbers on an Argand diagram > pages 9-10 Find the modulus and argument of a complex number > pages 11-16 Write a complex number in modulus-argument form > pages 15-16 Solve quadratic equations that have complex roots + pages 16-18 Solve cubic or quartic equations that have complex roots > pages 18-22 eee ceeecece Simplify each of the following, b/c In each case, determine the number of distinct teal roots of the equation f(x) =0. a fx) =3x?+ 8x4 10 b fx) =2x?- 9x47 € flx) 4x84 129 Pure 1section23 ff 3. Forthe triangle shown, find the values of: bo a 50 v180 + Pure 1 Section 1.5 Complex numbers contain a real part and an imaginary part. Engineers and physicists often describe quantities with two components using a single complex number. This allows them to model complicated situations such as air flow over acyclist. + International GCSE Mathematics 4 Find the solutions of x? = Bx + 6 =0, giving your answers in the form a = vB where a and b are integers « Pure Section 241 Write a 5 in the form p + qv/3 where p and g are rational numbers. «Pure 1 Section 1.6 Pea) eS Oy KD Imaginary and complex numbers The quadratic equation ax? +x += 0 has eal solutions given by the discriminant is b? ~ 4ac. bs P= hac + IFB®— dae 0, there ae two distinct real roots. ne a + If b?—4ae =, there are two equal real roots. IF the expression under the square root is negative, _* fb? =Aae-<0, there are no real rots. Pure 1 Section 25, there are no real solutions. You can find solutions to the equation in all cases by extending the number system to include v= Since there is no real number that squares to produce -1, the number V1 is called an imaginary number, and is represented using the letter i. Complex numbers have a real part and an imaginary part, for example 3 + 2i, tint CED tre set oF a complex = An imaginary number is a number ‘numbers is written as C. - of the form bi, where b ER. ary ore ie eect = Acomplex number is written in casemate + Imi) = bis the imaginary part the form a + bi, where a, bE R. a SSS GD) ED wor Write each of the following in terms of i. Ea Ina complex number, the real part and the imaginary part cannot be combined to form a single term. ™ Complex numbers can be added or subtracted by adding or subtra their real parts and adding or subtracting their imaginary parts. ® You can muttiply a real number by a complex number by multiplying out the brackets in the usual way. ex Simplify each of the following, giving your answers in the form a + bi, where a, b € R. 10+ 61 a (2+ 5i)+(7 +31) © 5 -8i) a +504 (7 +3) b (2-si)-(6-11 2-5) + 1-5 “INH -3+6i Cosas Crate EIED werner Do not use your calculator 1. Write each of the following in the form hi, where bis a real number. a b 9 vs ger this exercise. 2. Simplify, giving your answers in the form a + bi, where a, b a (5+ 21)+ (8+) b (4+ 10) #1 -8)) © (7+ 6i) + (-3- Si) @ (+48) + (G+) © (20+ 121) (1 ¥3i) f Q-i)-C5+39 g (-4-6i) -(-8 - 8) h Gy2 +i)- (2-1) i (-2-T+U43)-C124i) fj (1845) - 5-2) -G +7) 3 Simplify, giving your answers in the form a + hi, where a, b ER. a 27 +21) b H8-4i) € 23+i)+32+i) 544 3i) - 4-1 +21) 154251 5 941i py 843i 7-21 cm) 4 2 ©® 4 Write in the form a + bi, where « and 6 are simplified surds, afi p 228i 2 Las 5 Given that z = 7- 6i and w = 7 + 6i, find, CEEED complex cumbersare often in the form ail, were, 662 Ri represented by the letter zor the letter az-w bw4e © 6 Given that -3 + biand z)—2)=7+2i, find aand b where a,b€R. (2 marks) ® 7 Given that =A ba, © 22 +52) 4+ i and 2) = 7 ~3i, find, in the form a + bi, where a, b € R: + biand w= abi, where a, b € B, show that: is always imaginary ® 8 Given that a 2+ wisalways real b ata) Oe ay You can use complex numbers to find solutions to any quadratic equation with real coefficients. ® IF 2 — 4ac <0 then the quadratic equation neither of which are real. GEES) ED veoeime Solve the equation = +9 =0. Example @) Solve the equation =? + 6: +25 = 0. Method 1 (Completing the square) +3°-9 + 3F-94+25 +3" +16 Method 2 (Quadratic formula) Ax1x 25 ‘Do not use your calculator in this exercise, ax? + bx + ¢=0 has two distinct complex roots, 1 Solve each of the following equations, Write your answers in the form +hi a 2?4121=0 be 3274 150= 38-2? +40=0 e2 +120=0 f 622412227 Cosas Crate 2. Solve each of the following equations. Write your answers in the form a + bi GLED Te tere hand side of each equation a © - 32-92-16 isin completed square form alteady. Use ren inverse operations tofind the values of = ¢ 16iz+ 1) +11=2 3 Solve each of the following equations, Write your answers in the form a + bi. a 2+2045=0 b 2-224 10=0 © P442429=0 d 2+102+26=0 e 2452425=0 f243245=0 4 Solve cach of the following equations. Write your answers in the form a + bi. a 24524420 b 72-3243=0 e52-243=0 5 The solutions to the quadratic equation 2? ~ 82 + 21 = O are 2, and z Find z, and =,, giving each in the form a + iyB. EP) 6 The equation 2 + bz + 11 = 0, where b € R, has distinct non-real complex roots. Find the range of possible values of 5. (3 marks) ©@&) Muttiptying complex numbers You can multiply complex numbers using the same technique that you use for multiplying brackets in algebra. You can use the fact that i= \=T to simplify powers of i Express each of the following in the form a + 6i, where @ and 6 are real numbers a (2+ 3:4 + Si) b (7-4iP 2 (2+ 3i)f4 + Si) = 2(4 + Si) + 3114 + Si = B+ 1014 121 + 1512 = 841014 121-15 = (6-15) + (101+ 1 =-742 (7 - 4x7 - 4) 77 ~ 4i) ~ 447 - 49 49 ~ 28\~ 261 + 16) 49 - 281 ~ 261 ~ 1 = (49 - 16) + (-26i - 261) 33 - 56i Gro ess Example @) anwsis Simplify: a® bi © QDS b Fimixixisiexi®@ =) x1) X 21x 21x 21x 2) | = 320 x1 xi xix) = 326% x F xi) = 32 x (1) x CN) xi = 321 BED scemercnn Do not use your calculator in this exercise, 1 Simplify each of the following, giving your answers in the form a + bi. a (5+i)3 +4i) ‘b (6 + 3i)(7 + 2i) © (5 = 2i(1 + Si) d (13 - 312 - 81) e (-3-iN4+ Ti) £ (8+ 5iP g (2-9iF b(1+2+i)G+) — ED rorparth, begin by multiplying i (= 215 + ix4 - 21) i +3" the first pair of brackets. © 2 4 Simplify (4 + 5i(4— 5i), giving your answer in the form a + bi. b Simplify (7 - 2i)(7 + 2i), giving your answer in the form a + bi. ¢ Comment on your answers to parts a and b. 4 Show that (a+ bi)(a ~ bi) is a teal number for any real numbers a and b. © 3 Given that (a + 3i)(1 + bi) = 25 — 39i, find two possible pairs of values for a and b. 4 Write each of the following in its simplest form. aié b Gist eBsi a (ip 42 ©® 5 Express (1 + i)* in the form a — bi, where a and b are integers to be found. © 6 Find the value of the real part of (3 ~ 2iy* @ 7 fe=27-248 Ces Find: a {(2i) b (3 - 6i) ‘You can use the binomial theorem to @ 8 (22-240 expand(a+#)', « Pure2 Section 43 Show that 9 a Given that i! = i and i? = —1, write i? and i in their simplest forms, b Write iS, i®, 17 and i* in their simplest forms, © Write down the value of: Pi RS CED ie pacts ‘a Expand la + bil®, of a complex number v=, has a positive b Hence, or otherwise, find v0 — &2i, giving your answer in real part. the form a — bi, where a and d are positive integers. 1 —4i is a solution to f¢ (2marks) Cosas Crate ©) complex conjugation "= For any complex number z= a + bi, CED Togethes - and :* are the complex conjugate of the number Sainte aeeen defined as z* =a - bi. [exampte @) EES wren Given that z = 2 = Ti, a write down =* b find the value of z + = ¢ find the value of =2*. 2+7i 2-7) +(2+ B (242) 4-74 Die CEEED Notice nat 2+ 2°is reat (2-712 +7) (247) - 712+ 7) + 14-1414 . 24449253 CEE otic thats rel For any complex number z, the product of z and :* areal number You canusethis property QB “rig method wad tide complex (ie, characteristic) to divide two complex numbers is similar tothe method used to | ‘numbers. To do this, you multiply both the rationalise a denominator when simplifying surds, ‘numerator and the denominator by the complex emer conjugate of the denominator and then simplify the result. emo ite 5 Waite "55 im the form a + bi Bi 2-31 243i : + = -2 +23 13 Cae ee a its ETE) revs Do not use your calculator in this exercise. 1. Write down the complex conjugat 842% 0b = 5i 0+ Si 3 Write each of the following in the form a + bi. 345i ba Ti aa G-4iP isi in the form x + iy, where x,y € R. 5 Given that z= 1 +i, 2) =2+iand 2, = 3 +i, write each of the following in the form a + bi, © 6 Given thar 5471 =~ 3, find z in the form a + bi (2 marks) 7 Simply $*8 , 8) giving your answer in the form a + bi 4 8-102 in the form a + biv’2, where a and b are rational numbers, Express + in the form a + bi, where a and b are rational numbers. ~v2 Ue age w expen 24 in teen p-.wharep an yareaonal mmibes ‘The complex number = satisfies the equation (4 + 2i)(= ~ 2i) = 6 — 4i Find 2, giving your answer in the form a + bi where a and 6 are rational numbers, (4 marks) ‘The complex numbers =; and 2, are given by 2; = p- Tiand =, =2 + Si, where p is an integer. Find $1 in the form a + 6i, where a and b are rational, and are given in terms of p. (4 marks) S44i. Show that * is the complex conjugate of =. a+ biv3, where a and b are rational numbers to be found. (marks) p+ 5i ‘The complex number = is defined by ro t aR ER, p>0. Given that the real part of = is 4, a find the value of p (4 marks) b writ in the form a + bi, where a and b are real (1 mark) Cosas Crate @® Argand diagrams ™ You can represent complex numbers on an Argand diagram. The x-axis ‘on an Argand diagram is called the real axis and the y-axis is called the imaginary axis. The complex number z =x + iy’is represented on the diagram by the point P(x, y), where x and y are Cartesian coordinates. I 9) ELE wreerecrmon Show the complex numbers =) = —4 + i, =) = 2+ 3i and z; = 2 — 3i on an Argand diagram. a — eee Complex numbers can also be represented as vectors on an Argand diagram. = The complex number z = x + iy can be represented as the vector (G) ‘on an Argand diagram. You can add or subtract complex numbers on an Argand diagram by adding or subtracting their corresponding (ie. equivalent) vectors. 4+iand =, 343i, Show =), (443)4(14 = 744) and =) + =) onan Argand diagram, aD alae COMPLEX NUMBERS — =, onan Argand diagram. AL i EDD ive cing na sttactig CP? tat ‘complex numbers on an Argand diagram using GeoGebra, (exercise @) ETE wreneneranion 1 Show these numbers on an Argand diagram, a 742i bs- © 6-5 a -2+ © 3i f 242i g -t4+5i h-4 114 2iand 2, =2+4i, Show =), =yand sand 2; + 20n an Argand diagram. and 2; ~ =) onan Argand diagram. ‘on an Argand diagram. +=;0n an Argand diagram, 3+ 2i, where a, b € Z. Given that 25 ==) +23, a find the values of @ and b b show 2), z) and , on an Argand diagram, = Siand z5=-8 + Si, where p, q € Z. Given that 25 = 21 +21, a find the values of p and g b show © 8 The solutions to the quadratic equation =? ~ 6: + 10 = 0 ai a Find =, and =, giving your answers in the form p + gi, where p and q are integers. (3 marks) b Show, on an Argand diagram, the points representing the complex numbers =, and =». (2 marks) @® 9 & and 2; on an Argand diagram, and zp, a Show that f(3) = 0. (L mark) b Use algebra to solve f{=) = 0 completely. (4marks) ¢ Show all three solutions on an Argand diagram. (2 marks) GED There wilde sixastnct roots in total a Find all the solutions to the equatior : Write 26= 1 as (z*— 1)(2* + 1) = 0, then find three ienepen heel onerian eel ia distinct roots of =~ 1 =O and three distinct ‘¢ Show that each solution lies on a circle with foots of 23 +1=0. centre (0,0) and radius 1 Cosas Crate @® Modulus and argument. The modulus or absolute value of a complex number is the magnitude (Le. size) of its corresponding vector. 4 The modulus of a complex number, [zis the distance from the origin to that number on CED the modulus of the complex an Argand diagram, For a complex number umber zis wetten a el ox +h =x +iy, the modulus is given by |z| = yx?-+y%, The argument of a complex number is the angle corresponding vector makes with the positive real axis. = The argument of a complex number, arg z, CED the argument oF the is the angle between the positive real axis complex number is writen as arg =. and the line joining that number to the leis usually given in radians, where ‘origin on an Argand diagram, measured in + 2r radians = 360° an anticlockwise direction (ie. moving in the sm radians = 180° ‘opposite direction to the hands of a clock). ieee For a complex number z= x + iy, the argument, 6, satisfies tan 0 I 22) ETE rren.er-soune Given the complex number 2 = 2 + 7i, find: a themodulus of = b the argument of =, giving your answer in radians to 2 d.p. 247 = 58 b Argument: tana=% a= 1.2924... radians 29 radians (2 dp) Tea) eS Oy If: does not lie in the first quadrant, you can use an Argand diagram to help you find its argument. ™ Let «x be the positive acute angle made with the real axis by the line joining the origin and z. + If lies in the first quadrant, then arg z= a. + If zlies in the second quadrant, then arg. + If zlies in the third quadrant, then arg + If clies in the fourth quadrant, then arg z= -a., Given the complex mumber = 4 =i, find: a themodulusof = —b the argument of =, giving your answer in radians to 2 d.p. “7 ee een eae _

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