What is meant by language and gender ?

how do linguists and applied linguists differ in

approaching language use based on the study/area of language and gender ? give specific
examples.
Language and gender is fields of study in sociolinguistics, applied linguistics, and related fields
that investigate the variety of speech related to a particular gender, or social norms for language
use such as gender. Gender is important construction in all societies, which involves binary
male-female differences, and divisions are made on what it means to be a woman or man, and
what is taken be masculine or feminine. Language plays an important role in both build and
maintain this division. Study of language and gender have produced diverse explanatory bodies
for gender differentiation in language use (Gormley, 2015). Early work on language and gender
emerged from sociolinguistic inquiry into language variations in the 1960s and 1970s. Labov
(1966, 1972) study of social stratification examine certain linguistic variables according to social
class and certain geographical location of them informant, assesses which speakers use the most
'prestigious' form, and which speakers are used 'nonstandard' vernacular form. According to
Maltz and Borker, women and boys are socialized into two different subcultures, and that exist in
the respective subcultures that girls and boys study to become a competent speaker. Because
girls and boys will be develop different communicative norms, mixed sexes interaction must be
seen as cross-cultural communication and miscommunication will often occur. According to this
view, women and men have characteristics drawing on different linguistic strategies: while
women are oriented themselves to the person they are talking to as through use of personal and
inclusive and active pronouns looking for and providing back channel support, male speech is
marked by verbal posture, capturing the audience through storytelling and arguing to assert
dominance.

Gormley, S. (2015). Language and Gender. In International Encyclopedia of the Social &
Behavioral Sciences: Second Edition. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.53055-4