802.15.

4(Zigbee)
By: Markus Sjöblom

802.15.4(zigbee)
PRESENTATION
„ HISTORY
„ STANDARD
„ TECHNICAL INFORMATION
„ CHARACTERISTICS
„ SECURITY
„ ZIGBEE vs. BLUETOOTH
„ APPLICATIONS

1
 HISTORY
„ Developement started 1998, when many
enginereers realized that WiFi and Bluetooth
were going to be unsuitable for many
applications.
„ Need for self organizing ad-hoc digital radio
networks
„ IEEE 802.15.4 standard was completed in May
2003

HISTORY
ZIGBEE ALLIANCE
„ Zigbee Alliance started to build their own specification
on top of IEEE 802.15.4
„ Alliance announced that in a year,
year, it had more than
doubled the number of its members.
members. It had more than
100 companies in 22 countries as members.
members.
„ In June 2005 it had over 150 members.
members.
„ Specification was ratified 14 of November 2004
„ In June 2005 version 1.0 was availeble for the public
„ www.zigbee.org

2
 STANDARD
„ IEEE 802.15.4
„ Standard for LR-
LR-WPAN
„ Datarate 20, 40 and
250kb/s
„ Star or peer to peer
operation
„ 16 bit short address and
64 bit MAC address
„ CSMA-
CSMA-CA
„ Low power consumption

STANDARD
„ Energy detection(ED)
„ 16 channels in 2,450GHz band, 10 channels in
915MHz band, 1 channell in 868MHz band
„ Allocation of GTSs
„ Definition for PHY and MAC layers

3
 STANDARD
ZIGBEE SPECIFICATION
„ Built on top of 802.15.4
„ Allocation of addresses
„ Binding of device pairs
„ NWK and APP layers

TECHICAL INFORMATION
„ Operates in ISM band
„ Used frequencies are 868MHz in Europe,
915MHz in USA and 2450MHz world wide
„ Specific datarates for frequencies
„ 250kb/s for 2,4GHz
„ 40kb/s for 925MHz

„ 20kb/s for 868MHz

4
 TECHICAL INFORMATION

„ All bands use DSSS as a spreading technique

„ CSMA-CA is used to avoid collisions
„ Max. TX power 1dBm
„ Max. TX distance up to 100m outdoors

CHARACTERISTICS
„ Low datarates
„ Relatively short transmission range
„ Small current consumption
„ TX: 8,5mA to 17,4mA from -25dBm to 0dBm
„ RX: 18,8mA
„ Idle mode:
mode: 426uA
„ Sleep mode:
mode: 20uA
„ Short framestructure
„ Fast association: ~30ms
„ Cheap radio chips: ~One
~One dollar

5
 SECURITY
„ Encryption specified for MAC, NWK and APS
layers
„ Encryprion/Authentication mode CCM(CTR +
CBC-MAC)
„ CTR is a counter based encryption mode
„ CBC-MAC provides data integrity
„ All security is based on 128bit key and AES-128
block encryption method

SECURITY
CTR

6
 SECURITY
CBC-MAC

ZIGBEE vs. BLUETOOTH

„ ~Same operating range!
„ Same ISM band!
„ Small size radios
„ Competitors?

7
 ZIGBEE vs. BLUETOOTH

ZIGBEE vs. BLUETOOTH

„ Big difference in datarange
„ Huge difference in network size
„ ->Bluetooth is more suitable for data
transmission between devices
„ ->Zigbee is suitable for sensor networks

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 APPLICATIONS
„ Most suitable for networks that require small
datarates and have relatively long times between
transmissions
„ Zigbee radio is energy efficient, so it is suitable
for devices which have limited power resource
„ In sensor networks it may not be possible to
change the battery
„ Home automation, sensor networks, etc.

EXAMPLE APPLICATION

„ Lights,
Lights, security,
security, heating,
heating, air conditioning