Plan

Preface………………………………………………………………………………………..2
Introduction………………………………………………………………………………..
1. what is technology……………………………………………………………..3
2. The sixties…………………………………………………………………………..4
The innovations of the sixties……………………………………………………..
1. The telephone……………………………………………………………………5
2. The calculator…………………………………………………………………….6
3. Color television………………………………………………………………….7
4. Computer…………………………………………………………………………..8
5. Robots………………………………………………………………………………..9
6. The audio cassette………………………………………………………………10
7. The laser……………………………………………………………………………..11
8. The typewriter…………………………………………………………………….11
9. Computer mouse………………………………………………………………..12
Transportation in 1960s……………………………………………………………….13
The 1960s science and technology……………………………………………….15
Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………16

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 Preface
If you are reading this, welcome to our English presentation. We are students
from senior class of high school, our group is called "the golden oldies" and it is
composed of:
 Fehizoro N°24
 Salohy N°02
 Liantsoa N°28
 Neswilly N°23
 Fy N°06
 Eddy N°08
 Tokiniaina N°13
 Felaniaina N°14
 Sylvie N°20
First of all we would like to thank God for giving us the strength and the
opportunity to make this presentation and we would like to thank the members of the
jury for taking the time to attend our presentation especially our teacher Mr. Aina
who was the facilitator of these presentations.
So our topic today is "technology" but not just any technology! For today we have
decided to take you back in time and make you relive an old era. And yes, today
we're going to talk about the technology of the sixties or as we like to call it "retro
technology"!
We would like to make it clear that our presentation is focused on technology
around the world. All the information that will be specified here comes from the
internet, so it is neither in-depth nor detailed. And as we are only senior students our
knowledge on this subject is quite limited but we will try to explain as best we can.

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 Introduction
The real question is : what is technology?
It might seem a straightforward question, but technology is about more than gadgets
and gizmos. Andy Lane explains what it means to different people.
The role and impact of technology in both our personal and working lives is ever
growing. Understanding how people shape technology and how technology shapes
people's interactions with each other and the natural world is important not only for
those who research, develop and implement new technologies but also for all those
people and organisations that have to use those technologies in their working and
personal lives.
Technology is not a neutral word. Different people will give it different meaning
depending on their viewpoint and context.
Members of the Faculty of Technology are no different but for many years we have
adopted one particular definition of technology that reflects our own aims and
objectives:
Technology concerns itself with understanding how knowledge is creatively applied
to organised tasks involving people and machines that meet sustainable goals. There
are three important aspects to this definition:
1. Technology is about taking action to meet a human need rather than merely
understanding the workings of the natural world, which is the goal of science
2. It uses much more than scientific knowledge and includes values as much as
facts, practical craft knowledge as much as theoretical knowledge.
3. It involves organized ways of doing things. It covers the intended and unintended
interactions between products (machines, devices, artifacts) and the people and
systems who make them, use them or are affected by them through various
processes.
Technology is a hands on, can do profession where people have to be skilled in
many of the following: engineering, communicating, designing, developing,
innovating, managing, manufacturing, modelling, and systems thinking. But
technology also gives us various products which can be used for good or ill or where
the benefits are disputed and similarly the processes involved in producing and using
technology means that we should all take an interest in whether it provides us and
everyone else with a sustainable future.
Dictionary definition of technology :
 the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in industry.
 "advances in computer technology"
 machinery and equipment developed from the application of scientific knowledge.
 "it will reduce the industry's ability to spend money on new technology"
 the branch of knowledge dealing with engineering or applied sciences.

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The sixties
That was only about fifty years ago, but nevertheless they may seem light years
away from today, even to those who knew them.

It was the time of beginnings. A world was ending. Another was being born. Looking
back, this prodigious decade, so near and so far, never ceases to astonish by its
vitality, its inventiveness, its audacity. And much more than nostalgia for an alleged
golden age (which the 1960s were not, any more than any other time, ever), it is this
energy that continues to fascinate young and old alike. Buried, the sixties?
The 1960s saw the development of big ideas (gender equality, the fight against the
racial segregation, desire for a "healthy and simple" life for some, freedom of
expression for youth ...).
At the same time, even if they simplify everyday life, devices appliances of all kinds
are mass-constructed, justifying mass production, amplifying the phenomenon of
pollution, artificially creating needs through advertising...
It was the time of all revolutions: sexual, moral, artistic (New Vague, pop art...),
scientific and technological (first heart transplant, first man in space, soon on the
Moon, launch of the Arpanet project, ancestor of the internet). A cultural revolution,
too, not that of Mao, ours, who saw the post-war generation impose musical tastes,
dress codes, language codes - the strictest familiarization, a certain style of humor -
that we did not yet know would be "stainless".

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The innovations of the sixties

Welcome to the 1960s technology! ,where new inventions were made, and
many improvements were made to the inventions that were already made during the
time. although we don't see many 1960s things today, the 1960s paved the way for
other inventions to be made, changing how we use technology today.
Those are only some exemple of the technology invented in 1960s

The telephone
Imagine if every phone in your
house was switched from the regular
buttons they already have to a rotary
dial, even your cell phone or
smartphone. how annoying will that
be? But thanks to the 1960s, this isnt
the case today. two major changes
were made to the phone to make it
easier to call and overall more
convenient.
Before 1963, regular house phones
used a rotary dial, which as very slow
and annoying,especially if you dialed in a wrong number but in November 18th,
1963,Bell Industries introduced the first push button, or "Touch Tone" phone, to
people in Greensburg and Carnegie, Pennsilvaynia.the new buttons made it more
easier to dial than the rotary phones. the touch tone telephone grew popularity
quickly, and is now a standard all around the world for telephones standard rotary
dial phone
New Button dial phone 1963.
In 1965, a jazz player named Teri Pall invented the cordless phone, but because she
wasn't able to market the model, she sold it to a man named George Sweigert, who
was able to modify it and eventually patent it in 1969. he became known as the

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"father of the cordless phone" after the first cordless phones were introduced in 1970.
only in the 80s was when the cordless phone became popular and more known
companies started making their phones in a cordless model. The telephone’s role in
our lives cannot be underestimated.

Telephones have dramatically changed since then, and they have changed the way
we communicate. However, the path to phones as we know them today has not
been a smooth one.

The telephone is one invention that changed the world and opened a wide world of
communication. Many businesses benefited from the additional communication
options that became available after the invention of the telephone. As communication
continues to evolve, businesses continue to benefit from the additional
communication channels that are open to make completing business transactions
and connecting with customers easier. Understanding the history of the telephone in
business can give you a greater appreciation for the invention of the telephone and
what it means for us today.

The calculator
Canon's pocketronic-1969-'70
the first entirely electronic calculators were
introduced in the U.S around 1963. these calculators
were meant for a desktop and usually weighed
around 30 to 50 pounds they took over during 1964
and '65 until 1967, when the company Texas
instruments came out with a prototype for the first
hand held calculator in march, named "cal-tech".
Canon, a bigger company of the time located in
Japan, used their model to create the "Pocketronic",
a device similar to the "cal-tech" but more available
to the public. the hand held calculators were a major

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success in the '70s and quickly became less expensive and more common than the
desktop calculators.

Color television

Color television is a television transmission technology that includes

information on the color of the picture, so the
video image can be displayed in color on the
television set. It is considered an improvement
on the earliest television
technology, monochrome or black-and-
white television, in which the image is
displayed in shades of gray
(grayscale). Television broadcasting stations
and networks in most parts of the world upgraded from black-and-white to color
transmission between the 1960s and the 1980s. The invention of color television
standards is an important part of the history of television, and it is described in
the technology of television article. Even though color televisions were already
invented long before the '60s, there wasn't a lot of channels were color was available,
especially since there was only three channels on the TV at the time, ABC, CBS,and
NBC. also, color tv's were expensive and was only available for the wealthy. it wasn't
until 1965 when a announcement was made stating that over half of the shows that is
in these three channels will be shown in color starting in the falls of that year. not only
that, but new, less expensive color tv's came into use in the '60s, which caused many
people to switch from their old black and white tv's to new color versions so they can
watch their shows in a new look. Zenith was one of the major promoters of their new
color television sets during the 1960s.

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 Computer

Decade of supercomputers
the 1960s came with many of the worlds first
supercomputers designed to run in fast speeds. one
man, Seymour cray, was known as the father of
supercomputing for inventing the CDC 6600 in 1964,
which was capable of preforming up to 3 million
instructions a second, and was known as the fastest
computer in the world until the speed was broken by
its successor, The CDC 7600, which was created in 1968. NASA also made its own
share of supercomputers, which contributed greatly on the Apollo mission to the
Moon in 1969. In 1968, Robert Dennard invented the use of Dynamic RAM, or
Dynamic Random Access Memory into computers. RAM is basically memory on a
time, or randomly this type of memory is different
from ROM,or read only memory, which is used to
store programs and other data. DRAM will become
a standard for all computers during the time, and
is today a standard for all your computers, laptops,
tablets, and smartphones.
Making things smaller
PDP-8 Minicomputer
As the 1960s brought in gigantic supercomputers
which runs at top speeds,people also tried to put a
lot of power and speed in a smaller, more compact
space. in 1965, the Digital Equipment Corp.
introduced the PDP-8, known as the first commercially successful minicomputer. the
computer's power,small size and reasonable price of 18,000$ made it a computer
seen in thousands of businesses, labs, and factories.

~8~
HOW DID COMPUTER CHANGE OUR LIVES SINVE THEN ?
Computers have changed the world in many ways.  They allow huge amounts of
information to be stored in a small space.  They also allow a person to calculate
mathematical problems with ease.

Finally, computers have changed the way that we communicate as a society.  People
can now talk to one another in almost no time at all through the use of social
networking sites, and people can even live video chat with applications such as
Skype.  Imagine, if this idea had been presented to scientist 50 years ago, the
presenter would have been laughed out of the conversation.

Robots
Robots were coming into use for factory work. in
1961, a robot arm known as Unimate became the
first robot to come into use industrially. the robot
arm weighed 4,000 pounds was used in General
Motors to sequence stack hot pieces of die cast
metal. later on in 1969, Victor Scheinman made
the first successful, entirely electronic robotic arm that was power by a computer. he
named it the Stanford arm and in 1974 had the ability to completely form together a
ford model T water pump using optical and contact sensors.

The development of modern robotics was precipitated by the advent of steam power
and electricity during the Industrial Revolution. A growing market for consumer
products drove engineers to devise ways of producing automatic machines to speed
up production, do tasks that humans could not do, and to replace humans in
dangerous situations. Robots are changing the world in mostly positive ways. They
may be taking over some human jobs, but they also create better efficiency that, in
turn, boosts economic activity, which then generates more opportunities for humans
to find ways of generating income.

~9~
 The audio cassette

The cassette was invented by a company named Phillips in '62 and wasn't introduced
until august 30th 1963 in Europe. it served as a easy way to store audio and is still
used today. You or someone in your family
probably owned a cassette player at some point
in their life. Though the use of cassettes is in
obvious decline, supposedly 90 percent of U.S.
homes have cassette tapes laying around. The
first compact audio cassette was created in
1962 by Phillips Co. of the Netherlands. This
first cassette utilized quality polyester 1/8-inch
tape produced by the German chemical company BASF. These cassettes had the
“impressive” recording speed of 1.7 inches per second with a playback speed of 8
inches per second.

Think of a technology that profoundly changed the way we interact with each other.
You know the first one that allowed us to share music with almost anyone anywhere
in the world and gave amateur musicians a chance to record their songs without
having to be signed to a record label. The cassette also enabled a different way of
sharing music; actually listening to it, in groups, on the street. So-called boom boxes
in the 1980s were large, loud and expensive devices that always incorporated at
least one cassette drive. Now kids could not only listen to music outside, they could
play it for their friends, or the whole block. It was the start of the hip-hop movement
that still flourishes. Cassettes helped spread more than music. They also had the
unintended effect of allowing political and educational messages to be spread in
remote areas and to people who could not read.

~ 10 ~
 The Laser
The first functioning laser was fired by Theodore H. Maiman
today Lasers are used all the time in hospitals and scientific labs.
Over the past half century, lasers have found their way into
ophthalmology, oncology, cosmetic surgery, and many areas of
medicine and biomedical research
The earliest medical applications for lasers were in
ophthalmology and dermatology. Just a year after the invention
of the laser in 1960, Leon Goldman demonstrated how a ruby
laser, which emits red light, could be used to remove port wine
stains, a type of birthmark, and melanomas from the skin.This application relies on
the ability of lasers to operate at a specific wavelength. Lasers are now widely used
in dermatology for things like tumor, tattoo, hair, and birthmark removal. The special
properties of lasers make them much better than sunlight or other light sources at
targeting medical applications. Each laser operates within a very narrow wavelength
range and the light emitted is coherent. They can also be very powerful. The beams
can be focused to a very small point, giving them a high power density. These
properties have led to lasers being used in many areas of medical diagnosis and
treatment.

Theodore H. Maiman

May 16th 1960

The Typewriter

The First Typewriter was developed by

IBM and made writing papers faster and
more organized. the invention also helped
save paper. the typewriter has the same
pattern of keys that is in a keyboard today.
In turn, the typewriter brought about and
helped to accelerate social change,

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 opening up new jobs for women in the office. The typewriter, by reducing the
time and expense involved in creating documents, encouraged the spread of
systematic management. It allowed a system of communications that shaped
the business world.  Though it took a while for the typewriter to catch on, it
quickly changed the lives of those who used it. Many working-class women
saw office jobs as an escape from the drudgery of factory jobs, when the
typewriter was first adopted in many offices, America was a country in the
throes of rapid change. The way in which the typewriter was adopted reflected
changes in women's roles, new ideas about the organization of work, and the
rapidly growing corporations of the day. In turn, the typewriter opened up
many new jobs for women in the office.

The Computer mouse

The mouse was invented by Douglas
Englebart and was used on computers. it was
named the mouse because the cable that
connected to the computer came out the end of
the device
Funnily enough, the mouse hasn't changed very
much since the 60s. Yeah, we added more
buttons and better methods for tracking
movement but that's about it. So why are we
talking about it then? Because drag-and-drop
development only exists because of this one idea. Today’s mice can be moved in any
direction but the first mouse was far from as smooth. Instead, the mouse had two
perpendicular wheels, they looked a bit like two pizza slicers, which allowed the user
to move the mouse from side to side or forwards and backs. Therefore, the mouse
had to move in a sick-sack pattern. Initially, the mouse was therefore called “X-Y
position indicator for display system”. As you probably understand, this name was not
super sexy for marketing purposes and the developers had to come up with a new
name.The reason the inventors later chose to call it mouse was because the cord
that stuck out reminded the tail of a mouse. At first, the cord set in the direction of the
arm but this changed quickly as they noticed that it was in the way of the wrist.
~ 12 ~
 Transportation in 1960s

Their wasn't only cars in the 60's. People in the 60's used many ways to transport
themselves. In the 60's they had an option for trains it was the main use in the 60's
because before the 60's the train was
popular use of transportation also planes
were in big use it may sound odd because
in 2014 we mostly use cars as our
transportation,but cars in the 60's were
mostly used for personal travel.And planes
not always carried people they also
transported cargo.

The 60's popular car was the Volkswagen

with 2 models
1. The beetles
2.The bus
The Volkswagen is a popular car because lot
of famous people have used the
Volkswagen,in fact the show
ScoobyDoobyDo used the Volkswagen .

They had couple of companies back in the 60's that

were huge in money such as
Ford,GM,Volkswagen,Chrystal, and Chevrolet. Car
companies were really successful in the 60's. During
60's the companies released high performance cars it
was incredible.
Some cool and random facts about transportation in the 60's is in the late 60's seat
belts were not invented,but that is why they also used trains and planes. Cars in the
60's usually came with power steering. In the 1960 automobiles belonged to a
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distinctive decade of automobile history with an advent of economy Muscle and Pony
cars. The average 1960s cars costs about $2,752, and a gallon of gas was around
31 cents. The 1960’s were a time of change: the Civil Rights movement as led by
Martin Luther King Jr., the Women’s Movement with its demand for equal rights,
Russia beat the US into outer space, Elvis hits the UK, the Beatles hit world big time,
the advent of the counterculture when hair grew longer and beards became common
and reaching its zenith in August 1969 at Woodstock, and later in the decade, man
set foot on the moon.

The 1960’s automobiles belonged to a distinct decade of automobile history with the
advent of economy, muscle and pony cars. The 1960’s saw the American automobile
industry consolidating into the Big Three: General Motors, FordChrysler and
American Motors. These firms not only dominated the domestic market with the sales
of the 1960s cars, but the global market as well. In 1960 American companies built
93 percent of the autos sold in the United States and 48 percent of world.

~ 14 ~
The 1960s Science and Technology:
Before the 1960s, space travel was considered to be pure fantasy, the
subject of science fiction novels and films conjured up by writers with vivid
imaginations. However, the beginning of the decade saw the first human beings
flying through space and orbiting the Earth. In April 1961, Russian cosmonaut Yuri A.
Gagarin became the first man in space, orbiting the Earth in a 108-minute flight on
board the Vostok I spacecraft. Less than a month later, astronaut Alan B. Shepard
became the first American in space. His flight lasted 14 minutes and 28 seconds.
Before the decade ended, human beings had landed on the moon. Neil A.
Armstrong, one of three astronauts participating in the Apollo 11 mission, became the
first to set foot on the moon's surface. It was the 1960's most highly publicized
scientific and technological achievement. In one of the decade's most celebrated
quotes, Armstrong noted, as he set foot on the moon, "That's one small step for man,
one giant leap for mankind." The date was July 20, 1969.

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 Conclusion
Over the years, technology has revolutionized our world and daily lives. Technology
has created amazing tools and resources, putting useful information at our fingertips.
Modern technology has paved the way for multi-functional devices like the
smartwatch and the smartphone. Computers are increasingly faster, more portable,
and higher-powered than ever before. With all of these revolutions, technology has
also made our lives easier, faster, better, and more fun.
Technology has also given us brand new devices in recent decades, like
smartwatches, tablets, and voice assistant devices. With these devices, we can do
things like transfer money instantly and make purchases for everything from clothes,
food delivery, groceries,
furniture, and more. Technology
has changed how we entertain
ourselves, meet each other,
and consume all types of
media. It’s made fun
advancements, but it’s also
made important advancements
in safety when it comes to
home security and medical
devices.
Since there are so many new
technologies to keep track of, it
can seem overwhelming to
adapt. However, all of these
new technologies are designed to make your life easier. Even though it may not feel
intuitive, learning how to use smart phones, smartwatches and voice assistants just
takes a little bit of instruction and practice.

When it comes to the way we communicate overall, modern technology has had a
powerful influence.
Digital technology has changed what people term as “media.” The influence of new
technology on media is apparent since a media company isn’t necessarily a news
platform anymore. A media company is now any company that helps pass
information across the globe, including social media platforms like Facebook and
Twitter.
There is no denying that the future of technology will continue to
revolutionize our lives. In a few
years, driverless cars may be the
norm for everyone, and robots will
be commonplace in factories. Future
technology is sure to transform our
lives in unbelievable ways, but here
we  highlight the many common
ways technology is changing our
lives today.

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