02

Dasar-Dasar Perancangan
Reaktor Untuk Reaksi Homogen
Isotermal

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 Mahasiswa mampu menjelaskan
dasar-dasar perancangan reaktor untuk
reaksi homogen isotermal
• Penyusunan Persamaan neraca mole secara umum
• Aplikasi neraca mole pada tipe reaktor berbeda: Reaktor
batch (RB), reaktor alir tangki berpengaduk (RATB),
reaktor alir pipa (RAP), dan reaktor packed bed (RPB).
• Persamaan desain untuk reaksi tunggal RB, RATB,
RAP, dan RPB
• Pembahasan contoh soal

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 General Mole Balance Equation

Persamaan neraca mole pada elemen volume dV

R masuk – R keluar + R generasi = R akumulasi

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 Mole Balance on Different Reactor Types

Reactor Differential Algebraic Integral

Type
Batch

CSTR

PFR

PBR

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 Case - 01
• Calculate the time to reduce the number of
moles by a factor of 10 in a batch reactor
for the reaction with -rA = k CA, when k =
0.046 min-1

SOLUTION
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 Case - 02

The irreversible liquid phase second order

reaction is carried out in a CSTR. The entering
concentration of A, CA0, is 2 molar and the exit
concentration of A, CA, is 0.1 molar. The
entering and exiting volumetric flow rate, vo, is
constant at 3 dm3/s. What is the corresponding
reactor volume?

SOLUTION
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 Case – 03 (CDP1-AA)
A 200-dm3 constant-volume batch reactor is
pressurized to 20 atm with a mixture of 75%
A and 25% inert. The gas-phase reaction is
carried out isothermally at 227 oC.
• Assuming that the ideal gas law is valid, how many moles
of A are in the reactor initially? What is the initial
concentration of A?
• If the reaction is first order:
Calculate the time necessary to consume 99% of A.
• If the reaction is second order:
Calculate the time to consume 80% of A. Also
calculate the pressure in the reactor at this
time if the temperature is 127 oC.
SOLUTION 31
32
Solution Case - 01:

Therefore, t = 50 minutes BACK 33

 Solution Case - 02 BACK

Mole Balance

Rate Law

Combine

What is
wrong
with this
solution?
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 Solution Case - 03
• How many moles of A are in the reactor initially?
What is the initial concentration of A? If we assume
ideal gas behavior, then calculating the moles of A
initially present in the reactor is quite simple. We insert
our variables into the ideal gas equation:

Knowing the mole fraction of A (yAo) is 75%, we multiply

the total number of moles (NTo) by the yAo:

The initial concentration of A (CAo) is just the moles of A

divided by the volume:
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• Time (t) for a 1st order reaction to consume
99% of A. With both 1st and 2nd order reactions,
we will begin with the mole balance:

There is no flow in or out of our system, and we will

assume that there is no spatial variation in the reaction
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rate. We are left with:
Knowing the moles per volume (NA/V) is concentration
(CA), we then define the reaction rate as a function of
concentration:

First Order Reaction

This is the point where the solutions for the different
reaction orders diverge.
Our first order rate law is:

We insert this relation into our mole balance:

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and integrate:

Knowing CA=0.01 CAo and our rate constant (k=0.1 min-1),

we can solve for the time of the reaction:

BACK
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 03
TABEL STOIKIOMETRI

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 Rate Laws
• Power Law Model
• k is the specific reaction rate (constant)
and is given by the Arrhenius Equation:

Where:
E = activation energy (cal/mol)
R = gas constant (cal/mol*K)
T = temperature (K)
A = frequency factor

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 Stoichiometric Tables

Using stoichiometry, we set up all of our

equations with the amount of reactant A as
our basis.

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Batch System Stoichiometric Table

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Where:

Concentration -- Batch System:

Constant Volume Batch:

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Flow System Stoichiometric Table

REAKTOR ALIR PIPA

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• Concentration -- Flow System:

• Liquid Phase Flow System:

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• Gas Phase Flow System:
– From the compressibility factor equation of
state:

– The total molar flowrate is:

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Algorithm for Isothermal Reactor
Design
Example: The elementary gas phase
reaction
takes place in a CSTR at constant
temperature (500 K) and constant
pressure (16.4 atm). The feed is equal
molar in A and B.

Mole Balance

Rate Law
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For a gas phase system:

If the conditions are isothermal (T = T0) and

isobaric (P = P0):

And if the feed is equal molar, then:

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• This leaves us with CA as a function of
conversion alone:

• Similarly for CB:

[Why do you suppose CB is a constant,

when B is being consumed?]

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Combine

Evaluate

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Example: The elementary liquid phase reaction

is carried out isothermally in a CSTR. Pure A

enters at a volumetric flow rate of 25 dm3/s and
at a concentration of 0.2 mol/dm3.
What CSTR volume is necessary to achieve a
90% conversion when k = 10 dm3/(mol*s)?

Mole Balance

Rate Law

Stoichiometry liquid phase (v = vo)

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Combine

Evaluate, at X = 0.9,

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Arrhenius Equation

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