Whatever goes before the plus sign is the level of permission, and

whatever goes after is the type of permission. User permission (for

yourself) is u, group permission is g, and other is o. So, to assign
permission to both yourself and the file’s group, enter:

$ chmod ug+x header

You can also assign multiple types of permissions:

$ chmod ug+rwx header

Read by owner 400

Write by owner 200
Execute by owner 100
Read by group 40
Write by group 20
Execute by group 10
Read by others 4
Write by others 2
Execute by others 1
Access class Operator Access Type

u (user) + (add access) r (read)

g (group) - (remove access) w (write)

x
o (other) = (set exact access)
(execute)
a (all: u, g,
and o)