Industry Perspective:

Machine Learning And Their Ecosystems

Alfred Boediman, Ph.D.

 What is Learning?
• “Learning denotes changes in a system that ... enable a
system to do the same task … more efficiently the next time.”
• “Learning is constructing or modifying representations of
what is being experienced.”
• “Learning is making useful changes in our minds.”

“Machine learning refers to a system capable of the

autonomous acquisition and integration of knowledge.”
 Why Machine Learning?
• No human experts
– industrial/manufacturing control
– mass spectrometer analysis, drug design, astronomic discovery
• Black-box human expertise
– face/handwriting/speech recognition
– driving a car, flying a plane
• Rapidly changing phenomena
– credit scoring, financial modeling
– diagnosis, fraud detection
• Need for customization/personalization
– personalized news reader
– movie/book recommendation
 Related Fields

data
mining control theory

statistics
decision theory
information theory
machine
learning
databases
psychological models
evolutionary neuroscience
models

Machine learning is primarily concerned with the accuracy

and effectiveness of the computer system.
 Architecture of
a Learning System

feedback performance standard

critic percepts

ENVIRONMENT
changes
learning performance
element element actions
knowledge
learning goals

problem
generator
 Decision Trees
Should I wait at this restaurant?
 Current Machine Learning
Research
• Representation • Applications
– data sequences – Medical Diagnosis (Healthcare)
– spatial/temporal data – Bio-Informatics
– probabilistic relational models – Speech and Handwriting Recognition
– …lot of others  – Information Retrieval
• Approaches – Data Mining
– ensemble methods – … etc 
– cost-sensitive learning
– active learning
– semi-supervised learning
– collective classification
– … still in research 
 Medical Diagnosis
by Machine Learning

• Medical diagnosis:
It is a procedure to identify
disorder in a person.
• Machine learning for
medical diagnosis:
It means that the computer
will identify the symptoms and
tell what that particular person
is diagnosed with.
 SURVEY OF DIAGNOSIS BY
ALGORITHMS/ PHYSICIANS

Research Area:
1. STATISTICAL OR PATTERN RECOGNITION.
2. INDUCTIVE LEARNING OF SYMBOLIC RULES.
3. ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS.
SELECTION OF THE APPROPRIATE
MACHINE LEARNING SYSTEM

Case Objective:
• Good performance
• The transparency of diagnostic knowledge.
• The ability to explain decisions
• The ability of the algorithm to reduce the
number of tests necessary to obtain reliable
diagnosis.
• The ability to appropriately deal with missing
data.
 Medical Imaging

• Medical Imaging is taking photos of body parts (both

internal and external) and analyzing them for a disorder.
• CCD and GDV are types of image devices which have
found great applications in Machine Learning Systems.
 Discussion Summary

• In the future – study of ML holds exciting

prospects with constant innovations in diverse
fields.
• With better algorithms, we can completely
bridge the gap between human and machines.
• Because it is a type of adaptive learning, it will
find applications in all possible fields.
Terima Kasih
THANK YOU!
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