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Friction and wear of elastomers

Conference Paper · May 2015

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Christian Wolfgang Karl Manfred Klueppel

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Abstract book, PMA & SRC 2015.

FRICTION AND WEAR OF ELASTOMERS

CHRISTIAN W. KARL1*, MANFRED KLÜPPEL2 and ULRICH GIESE2

1
Chair for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100,
33098 Paderborn, Germany
2
German Institute of Rubber Technology, Eupener Strasse 33, 30519 Hannover, Germany
*
christian.karl@s55.de

Frictional properties of soft elastomers have been discussed for a very long time. Early studies1-3 on
natural rubber were conducted to identify properties relating to consumer applications. Examples are
viscoelastic adhesives4-5, tires6, and windshield wipers.7-9 Recent studies revealed that multilayer graphene and
graphitic carbon reduce friction.13,19

For our studies, different types of elastomers and elastomeric surfaces (SBR, NBR and EPDM) were modified
chemically. Depending on the analyzed systems, different model substrates of steel, car glass, varnished sheets
and granite were used. Varnished elastomer composites 10,12,14-15, polyalkoxysiloxane (PAOS)11 containing
elastomers and graphene-filled elastomeric composites13,17-18 were prepared in order to reduce friction. The
chemical composition of these elastomer composites was investigated by means of ATR-FTIR, SEM-EDX and
XPS16. SEM, white light interferometry and digital microscopy were helpful in determining the topography and
coating thickness of the varnishes.12 Dispersion analysis (DIAS: Dispersion Index Analysis System, s. fig. 1
left) enabled the verification of the homogeneous distribution of fillers.16-18 Roughness parameters were
obtained using white light interferometry and the stylus instrument.12,16 In nearly all cases a significant level of
friction reduction through surface modification or the use of fillers (multilayer graphene types) was achieved
(s. fig. 1 right).16 The resulting stick-slip phenomena were described. Moreover, the wear of the used materials
was analyzed.

Fig. 1: Light microscopy micrograph of a SBR sample (cross-section, DIAS method) containing the graphene type “M 25”
(XGnP-M-25 from XG Sciences, left),16 dry friction on granite of SBR filled with different multilayer graphene types in
comparison with carbon black N121 (right).13

1
 Abstract book, PMA & SRC 2015.

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF - grant No. 03X0110A)
and by the Arbeitsgemeinschaft industrielle Forschung (AiF -grant No. 15810 BG). The preparation of samples
by the Forschungsinstitut für Leder- und Kunststoffbahnen e. V. (FILK Freiberg) is highly appreciated.
Furthermore this work was supported by the DECHEMA Gesellschaft für Chemische Technik und
Biotechnologie as AIF project No. 196 ZN in the program Industrielle Gemeinschaftsforschung (IGF), with
financial support from Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie (BMWi) and Arbeitsgemeinschaft
industrieller Forschungsvereinigungen (AiF-grant).

REFERENCES

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5. Newby B. Z., Chaudhury M. K.: Langmuir 14, 4865 (1998).
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Rubber Elasticity, Plenum, New York (1986).
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9. Stein, G.: Gummi Asbest Kunststoffe, 61, 306 (2008).
10. Karl C. W., Busse L., Klüppel M., Giese U.: 9 th Fall Rubber Colloquium (2010).
11. Busse L., Peter K., Karl, C. W., Geisler H., Klüppel, M.: Wear 271, 1066 (2011).
12. Karl C. W., Klüppel M.: Chem. Listy 233, 105 (2011).
13. Lang A., Karl C. W., Klüppel M.: 10th Fall Rubber Colloquium (2012).
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15. Karl C. W., Lang A., Busse L. et al:. KGK 65/5, 33 (2012).
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18. Möwes M. M., Karl C. W., Fleck F., Klüppel M., in preparation
19. Li, Y.J. et al.: J. Mater. Sci. 47, 730 (2012).

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