Naoki Nitta, Feixiang Wu, Jung Tae Lee, Gleb Yushin,

Li-ion battery materials: present and future,

Materials Today,
Volume 18, Issue 5,
2015,
Pages 252-264,
ISSN 1369-7021,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mattod.2014.10.040.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369702114004118)
Abstract: This review covers key technological developments and scientific
challenges for a broad range of Li-ion battery electrodes. Periodic table and
potential/capacity plots are used to compare many families of suitable materials.
Performance characteristics, current limitations, and recent breakthroughs in the
development of commercial intercalation materials such as lithium cobalt oxide
(LCO), lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (NCM), lithium nickel cobalt aluminum
oxide (NCA), lithium iron phosphate (LFP), lithium titanium oxide (LTO) and others
are contrasted with that of conversion materials, such as alloying anodes (Si, Ge,
Sn, etc.), chalcogenides (S, Se, Te), and metal halides (F, Cl, Br, I). New
polyanion cathode materials are also discussed. The cost, abundance, safety, Li and
electron transport, volumetric expansion, material dissolution, and surface
reactions for each type of electrode materials are described. Both general and
specific strategies to overcome the current challenges are covered and categorized.