October 2000

Calculation of load capacity Supplementary 1

of shafts and axles to
Examples of application DIN 743

This supplement contains information about DIN 743,

but no additional standardized conventions.

ICS 21.120.10

Shafts and axles, calculation of load capacity – Examples

Calcul de la capacité des arbres et axes – Examples

Contents
Pages
Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . …. . 2

1 Range of applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

2 Normative references. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

3 General symbols, terms and units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

4 Examples of application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

4.1 Calculation of safety of a corrugated shaft in bending and torsion from fatigue
fracture and permanent deformation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . …….. . 2

4.2 Calculation of safety of a shaft with spring slot in rotating bending and static torsion
from fatigue fracture and permanent deformation (example). . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

4.3 Calculation of safety of an axle with corrugation and undercut in bending from fatigue
fracture and permanent deformation (example). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . …….. . . . 6

Continuation pages 2 to 8

Standardizing Committee for Machine Manufacture (NAM) in DIN German Institute for Standardization e.V.

© DIN German Institute for Standardization e.V. . Any type of duplication, even excerptwise, done Ref. No. DIN 743-2 :2000-10
only by the approval of DIN German Institute for Standardization e.V., Berlin. Preisgr. 07 Contract no. 0007
Sole sale of the standards through Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin
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DIN 743 Bbl 1: 2000-10

Preface Symbols Terms Units

KV Influence factor for surface
This standard was worked out by experts from the Standardation bonding
Committee for Machine Manufacture (NAM) in the DIN German
Institute for Standardization e.V., Motive Power Engineering (Ant, AA Bending moment Nm
Mb
2.2) and the Institute for Machine elements und Machine construction Torsional moment Nm
of TU Dresden. T
,  Stress concentration factor
DIN 743 “Calculation of load capacity of shafts and axles“ consists of: Fatigue notch factor
,  
Alternate strength of materials for 2
–Part 1: “Introduction, basic concepts”; zd,b W,  tW N/mm
nominal diameter dB
– Part 2: “Stress concentration factor and fatigue notch factor”; 1 2
zd, bWK, Alternate strength of element ) N/mm
– Part 3: “Strength of materials”;  tWK
2
– Supplement 1: “Examples of applications”. zd,b ADK, Stress amplitude of fatigue N/mm
strength of element for a definite
 tADK mean stress
1 Range of applications 2
zd,b ODK, Maximum stress limit of element N/mm
This standard includes examples of calculations for the detection of for a definite mean stress
fatigue strength by DIN 743-1 to DIN 743-3.  tODK
1) 2
 m , m Mean stress N/mm
2 Normative references 1 2
a,  ta Stress amplitude ) N/mm
DIN 743-1 1) 2
Calculation of load capacity of shafts and axles –  o, o Maximum stress N/mm
Part 1: Introduction, basic concepts
DIN 743-2
u, u Minimum stress
1)
N/mm
2
) 2
Calculation of load capacity of shafts and axles – zd,b FK,  Yield strength of element1 N/mm
Part 2: Stress concentration factors and fatigue notch factors tFK
DIN 743-3 Influence factor of mean stress
Calculations of load capacity of shafts and axles – K, 
sensitivity
Part 3: Strength of materials
F Increase factor of yield strength
2
B; (Rm) Tensile strength N/mm
3 General symbols, terms and units s; (Re , Elastic limit N/mm
2
Symbols Terms Units
Rp0.2)
d Element diameter in cross section, in mm 2
ring cross section wall thickness bF Bending yield strength N/mm
2
dB Nominal diameter of material mm  tF Torsional yield strength N/mm
dBK Nominal diameter of notch mm Indices
Effective diameter for heat treatment t,  Torsion
deff mm b Bending
bW Alternate bending- -
n Support factor W Alternate-
Notch radius A Yielding amplitude
r mm a Existing amplitude
G’ Relative line drop mm–1 D Fatigue strength
Rz Average depth of roughness m K Notched element
max Maximum
S Existing factor of safety
v Comparative
K, Total influence factor

K1(d) Technological influence factor 4 Examples of application

K2(d) Geometrical influence factor (for the 4.1 Calculation of safety of a corrugated shaft from fatigue
unnotched, polished round samples) fracture and permanent deformation in bending and torsion.
K3(d) Geometrical influence factor for This example is exclusively used in the demonstration of the course
size(for the fatigue notch factor) of calculation procedure. Generally this kind of loading is not used
K2F Static support effect for a shaft.
Influence factor for surface roughness ----------------------
KF, KF
1) Nominal stress
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DIN 743 Bbl 1: 2000-10

Given:
Measurements:
D = 50 mm
d = 42 mm
r = 5 mm
t = 4 mm

Strain (cross section at d): – Influence factor for surface bonding KV = 1

b = bm  ba = 500 N/mm2  50 N/mm2 – Total influence factor K by equation (8) in DIN 743-1
t = tm  ta = 100 N/mm2  30 N/mm2
Material:
34CrMo4 (characteristic strength by DIN 743-3, dB  16 mm)
B = 1000 N/mm2; S = 800 N/mm2;
zdW = 400 N/mm2; bW = 500 N/mm2; tW = 300 N/mm2
b) Total influence factor for torsion
Surface roughness: Rz = 5 m
Required: – Stress concentration factor  from pic.10 in DIN 743-2 with
Existing safety for the demonstration of fatigue strength by strain case 1 d/D = 0.84;
and against exceeding of the yield strength. r/t = 1.25; r/d = 0.119  = 1.283
Calculation procedure: (For schema see appendix B of DIN 743-1). The – Relative line drop G` by table 2 in DIN 743-2
calculation is done using fatigue notch factors for notches with known G`= 0.23 mm–1
stress concentration factor by DIN 743-2. )
– Technological influence factor for size K1(deff) 2 by equation (14)
a) Total influence factor for bending or pic.13 in DIN 743-2 with dB = 16 mm
– Stress concentration factor  from pic.9 in DIN 743-2 with K1(d) = 1 – 0.26 · lg (deff/dB) = 0.871
d/D = 0.84; r/t = 1.25; r/d = 0.119 – Support numeral n by equation (5) or pic.4 in DIN 743-2 with
S(d) = K1(deff) · S(dB) = 697 N/mm2
 = 1.557
–Relative line drop G` from table 2 in DIN 743-2
with = 0.179
G`=0.542 mm-1
2)
– Technological influence factor for size K1(deff) from equation (14)
or pic.13 in DIN 743-2 with dB = 16 mm and deff = 50 mm
K1(deff) = 1– 0.26 · lg (deff/dB)
K1(deff) = 1– 0.26 · lg (50 mm/16 mm) = 0.871 – Fatigue notch factor  by equation (2) in DIN 743-2
– Support numeral n from equation (5) or pic.4 in DIN 743-2 with
 = /n = 1.283/1.024 = 1.253
S(d) = K1(deff) · S(dB) = 697 N/mm2 – Geometrical influence factor for size K(d) from equation (17) or
pic.13 in DIN 743-2

– Influence factor for surface roughness KF by equation (20)

in
– Fatigue notch factor  by equation (4) in DIN 743-2 DIN 743-2
 = /n = 1.557/1.036 = 1.503 KF = 0.575 · KF + 0.425
– Geometrical influence factor for size K2(d) by equation (17) or KF = 0.575 · 0.902 + 0.425 = 0.944
pic.13 in DIN 743-2 – Influence factor for surface bonding KV = 1
– Total influence factor K from equation (9) in DIN 743-1

– Influence factor for surface roughness KF by equation (19) or -------------------

pic.14 in DIN 743-2 with B(d), B(d) = B(dB) · K1(deff) = 871 N/mm2
2) see page 6
Page 4
DIN 743 Bbl 1: 2000-10

c) Existing safety factor for the detection of fatigue strength by strain
case 1
–Comparative mean stress from the equations (23) and (24) in DIN 743-1
– Alternate strength of element WK, Wk from the equations (6) and (7)
in DIN 743-1
d) Existing factor of safety S for the demonstration against
exceeding of the yield strength.
– Static support effect K2F for bending and torsion from table 3
in DIN 743-1
K2F = 1.2; K2F = 1.2
– Increase factor for yield strength  F from table 2 in DIN 743-1
F = 1.05; F = 1
– Yield strength of element bFK; tFK from the equations (28)
and (29)
in DIN 743-1 with K1(deff) = 0.871;
bFK = K1(deff) · K2F · Fs · S(dB)
bFK = 0.871 · 1.2 · 1.05 · 800 N/mm2 = 878.0 N/mm2
tFK = K1(deff) · K2F · Ft · S(dB)/ √3
tFK = 0.871 · 1.2 · 1 · 800 N/mm2/ √3 = 482.7 N/mm2
– Existing factor of safety S from equation (25) in DIN 743-1

The
demonstration against exceeding of the yield strength
determines the element diameter.
– Influence factor for mean stress sensitivity ,K from the equations
4.2 Calculation of the safety of a shaft with spring
(21) and (22) in DIN 743-1
groove in rotational bending and static torsion
against fatigue fracture and permanent
deformation
Given:
Measurements:
d = 50 mm

– Stress amplitude of fatigue strength of element ADK, tADK from the
equations (11) and (12) from DIN 743-1
bADK = bWK – bsK · mv
bADK = 240.7 N/mm2 – 0.1603 · 529.1 N/mm2
bADK = 155.8 N/mm2
tADK = tWK – tK · tmv
tADK = 177.1 N/mm2 – 0.1132 · 305.5 N/mm2
tADK = 142.5 N/mm2
– Existing factor of safety S by equation (2) in DIN 743-1
Load:
Alternating bending moment: Mb =  1200 Nm
Static torsional moment: T = 3000 Nm
Impact stress: Mbmax = 1.5 · Mb, Tmax = 1.5 · T
Material:
42CrMo4 (strength values by DIN 743-3; dB ≤ 16 mm)
B = 1100 N/mm2; S = 900 N/mm2;
zdW = 440 N/mm2; bW = 550 N/mm2; tW = 330 N/mm2
Surface roughness: Rz = 12,5 m
Required:
Existing factors of safety for the detection of fatigue strength by
strain case 1 and for the demonstration of fatigue strength
against exceeding of the yield strength.
Calculation procedure: (Schema see appendix B in DIN 743-
1).
The calculation is carried out using experimentally determined
fatigue notch factors from DIN 743-2.
a) Total influence factor for bending
– Technological influence factor for size K1(deff) from equation
(14) or pic.13 in DIN 743-2 with dB = 16 mm and deff = 50 mm
K1(deff) = 1 – 0.26 · lg (deff /dB)
K1(deff) = 1 – 0.26 · lg (50 mm/16 mm) = 0.871
Page 5
DIN 743 Bbl 1: 2000-10

– Fatigue notch factor valid for the nominal diameter – Alternate strength of element bWK by equation (6) in DIN
dBK = 40 mm from table 1 in DIN 743-2 with 743-1
B(dB) = B (16 mm) · K1(deff = 50 mm) = 958.1 N/mm2
s(dBK) = 2.95
– Geometrical influence factor for size K3(d) and K3(dB) by equation (18)
or pic.13 in DIN 743-2

– Influence factor for mean stress sensitivity K by equation

(21) in DIN 743-1

Fatigue notch factor  valid for the element diameter d by equation (3)
in DIN 743-2
– Stress amplitude of the fatigue strength of element bADK by
equation (11) in DIN 743-1

– Geometrical influence factor for size K2(d) by equation (17) or

pic.13 in DIN 743-2 – Existing factor of safety S by equation (3) in DIN 743-1

d) Existing factor of safety S for the demonstration against

– Influence factor for surface roughness KF from table 1 in DIN 743-2
KF = 1
– Influence factor for surface bonding KV = 1
– Total influence factor K by equation (8) in DIN 743-1
exceeding of the yield strength
– Static support effect K2F for bending and torsion from table
3 in DIN 743-1
K2F = 1.2; K2F = 1.2
– Increase factor for yield strength  F from table 2 in DIN 743-
1
F = 1; F = 1 (no rotating notches)
– Yield strength of element bFK; tFK from the equations (28)
and (29) in DIN 743-1 with K1(deff) = 0.871

b) Stress (Nominal stress taken at the gross cross section)

– Bending stress amplitude ba:

– Existing factor of safety S by equation (25) in DIN 743-1;
bmax = 146.7 N/mm2;
tmax = 183.3 N/mm2
– Mean torsional stress

c) Existing factor of safety for the detection of fatigue strength by strain

case 1
– Comparative mean stress by equation (23) in DIN 743-1
The detection of fatigue strength determines the element
diameter.
Page 6
DIN 743 Bbl 1: 2000-10

4.3 Calculation of safety of an axle with corrugation and – Technological influence factor for size K1(deff)2) from
undercut against fatigue fracture and permanent deformation the equations (12) and (13) in DIN 743-2 with
in bending dB = 16 mm and deff = 122 mm
Given:
Measurements: Tensile strength K1(deff) = 1
D = 122 mm Elastic limit: K1(deff) = 1 – 0.26 · lg (deff/(2 · dB))
D1 = 80 mm K1(d) = 1 – 0.26 · lg (122 mm/32 mm)
d = 79.4 mm
t = 21.3 mm K1(d) = 0.849
r = 0.k8 mm – Support numeral n by equation (5) or pic.4 in DIN
2
743-2 with s(d) = s(dB) · K1(deff) = 284.4 N/mm
Load:
Mb = Mbm  Mba = 8 000 Nm  2 500 Nm
Material:
E335 (structural steel, strength values by DIN 743-3;
dB = 16 mm)
B = 590 N/mm2; S = 335 N/mm2;
– Fatigue notch factor  by equation (4) in DIN 743-2
zdW = 235 N/mm2; bW = 290 N/mm2; with
tW = 180 N/mm2  = F = 3.791
Surface roughness: Rz = 25 m  = /n = 3.791/1.316 = 2.88
Required: – Geometrical influence factor for size K2(d) by
Existing factors of safety for the detection of fatigue strength by strain
case 2 and for the demonstration of fatigue strength against equation (17) or pic.13 in DIN 743-2 with K1(deff) = 1
exceeding of the yield strength.
Calculation process: (Schema see appendix B in DIN 743-1).
The calculation is carried out using fatigue notch factors for notches with
known stress concentration factors according to DIN 743-2.
a) Total influence factor
– Stress concentration factor constants according to table 3 in
DIN 743-2
Round groove: A = 0.2; B = 2.75
Corrugation: A = 0.62; B = 5.8; C = 0.2; z = 3 – Influence factor for surface bonding KV = 1
– Stress concentration factor  by the equations (9) to (11) in – Influence factor for surface roughness KF by
DIN 743-2
equation (19) or pic.14 in DIN 743-2 with K1(deff) = 1
2
and B = 590 N/mm

– Total influence factor K by equation (8) in DIN 743-1

b) Stress
– Mean bending stress bm

– Relative line drop G’ from table 2 in DIN 743-2 with
 = 0; (corrugation, d/D < 0.67 →  = 0)
-------------------------
2) K
1(deff) is determined for the diameter D.
Hence it should be taken into account, that the shaft in the pre-
processed state (with few offsets) is annealed and, that the
diameter D influences the endangered cross section with d on
the mouth of the transition radius during the heat-treatment
(quenching or hardening as the case may be).
Page 7
DIN 743 Bbl 1: 2000-10

-1
G’ = 2.875 mm
Page 8
DIN 743 Bbl 1: 2000-10

– Biegespannungsamplitude ba:

– Maximum bending stress bmax:

– Existing factor of safety S by equation (3) in DIN 743-1

c) Existing factor of safety for the detection of fatigue strength according

to strain case 2
– Comparative mean stress mv = bm = 162.8 N/mm2 d) Existing factor of safety S for the demonstration against
– Comparative mean stress mv = bm = 213.7 N/mm2 exceeding of the yield strength
– Static support effect K2F from table 3 in DIN 743-1;
– Comparative minimum stress vu = bm – ba = 111.9 N/mm2
Bending:
– Alternate strength of element bWK by equation (6) in DIN
K2F = 1.2
743-1 with K1(deff) = 1 (tensile strength)
– Increase factor for yield strength F from table 2 in
DIN 743-1
F = 1.5
– Influence factor of mean stress sensitivity bK by equation – Yield strength of element bFK by equation (28) in DIN
743-1 with
(21) in DIN 743-1 with K1(deff) = 1
K1(deff) = 0.849 (elastic limit)
bFK = K1(deff) · K2F · F · S(dB)
bFK = 0.849 · 1.2 · 1.15 · 335 N/mm2
bFK = 392.5 N/mm2
– Existing factor of safety S by equation (26) in DIN
743-1

– Stress amplitude of the fatigue strength of the element bADK

by equation (16) in DIN 743-1

The detection of the fatigue strength determines the element

diameter.