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BRITISH EAST INDIA COMPANY
In 1600, the British East India Company was set up by a group of British merchants in order to
trade silver in return for Indian silk. By 1690 the Company had founded Calcutta as a trading
station. However, they began to realise that if they wanted their trade to be secure, they had to gain
political control over parts of India so towards the end of the century, they began to take control of
other areas of India.

REBELLION

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However, Indians did not like a foreign power governing them. In 1857, Indian soldiers known as
sepoys, mutinied and killed their officers. After the uprising was crushed, the British government
abolished the East India Company and ruled India directly, setting up a Viceroy (representative of
the British government) to govern India. Further control was enforced by Queen Victoria being
made Empress of India in 1877.

POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT
However, the British did realise that Indians should have a greater say in government and so
allowed the formation of the Indian National Congress Party in 1885. However, the Muslim
community felt that their voice was not being heard in the party and so in 1906, the Muslim League
was formed in order to protect Muslim interests.

DEMANDS FOR INDEPENDENCE
The end of World War One in 1918 saw many Indians demanding
independence from British rule. There were a number of non-cooperation
campaigns led by Mahatma Gandhi who called for non-violence. In 1921, he
became the leader of the Congress Party.
During the 1920s, many Muslims who were part of the
Congress Party became increasingly unhappy as they
felt that Muslim interests were being ignored. One such
member was Muhammad Ali Jinnah. In 1929, he made
the decision to leave the Congress Party and join the
12
Muslim League. He soon became the leader of this
Mahatma party. The same year also saw Jawaharlal Nehru Muhammad
Gandhi become president of the Congress Party. Ali Jinnah

TOWARDS A MUSLIM NATION
In central India in 1937, Congress won the majority in an election. However,
they refused to choose any Muslim politicians in the government which
caused problems with the Muslim communities. The result made Jinnah
realise that the only way that he was going to win support from Muslims
was to argue that they needed to have a nation based on religious grounds.

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However, he did not make this clear until 1940, when through the Lahore
Resolution, the Muslim League announced it wanted a Muslim nation.

Jawaharlal Nehru

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Presentation on theme: "The British in India and partition"— Presentation

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1 The British in India and partition

BRITISH EAST INDIA COMPANY
Alibaba.com
In 1600, the British East India Company was
set up by a group of British merchants in order
INSTALL to trade silver in return for Indian silk. By 1690
the Company had founded Calcutta as a
trading station. However, they began to realise
that if they wanted their trade to be secure, they had to gain political control over parts
of India so towards the end of the century, they began to take control of other areas of
India.
REBELLION
However, Indians did not like a foreign power governing them. In 1857, Indian soldiers
known as sepoys, mutinied and killed their o cers. After the uprising was crushed, the
British government abolished the East India Company and ruled India directly, setting
up a Viceroy (representative of the British government) to govern India. Further control 
was enforced by Queen Victoria Download
being made presentation
Empress of India in 1877.
POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT
However, the British did realise that Indians should have a greater say in government
and so allowed the formation of Wethe
think you have
Indian likedCongress
National this presentation.
Party in If you wishthe
However, to
Muslim community felt that their voice was not being heard in the party and so in 1906, social
download it, please recommend it to your friends in any
the Muslim League was formed in system.
order Share buttons
to protect are a
Muslim little bit lower. Thank you!
interests.
DEMANDS FOR INDEPENDENCE
Buttons:
The end of World War One in 1918 saw many Indians demanding independence from
British rule. There were a number of non-cooperation campaigns led by Mahatma
Gandhi who called for non-violence. In 1921, he became the leader of the Congress
Party.
12
During the 1920s, many Muslims who were part of the Congress Party became
increasingly unhappy as they felt that Muslim interests were being ignored. One such
member was Muhammad Ali Jinnah. In 1929, he made the decision to leave the
Congress Party and join the Muslim League. He soon became the leader Cancel Download
of this party.
The same year also saw Jawaharlal Nehru become president of the Congress Party.
Mahatma Gandhi
Muhammad Ali Jinnah
TOWARDS A MUSLIM NATION
In central India in 1937, Congress won the majority in an election. However, they refused
to choose any Muslim politicians in the government which caused problems with the
Muslim communities. The result made Jinnah realise that the only way that he was going
to win support from Muslims was to argue that they needed to have a nation based on
religious grounds. However, he did not make this clear until 1940, when through the
Lahore Resolution, the Muslim League announced it wanted a Muslim nation.
Jawaharlal Nehru

2 Master Tara Singh Louis Mountbatten WORLD WAR TWO

In 1942, Congress launched the Quit India campaign in which they refused to support
the British in the war and demanded that they should leave India. This campaign was
criticised by the Muslim League who thought that they would be in a better bargaining
position if they supported the British.
There was another attempt to settle matters, this time in 1945 in what was called the
Simla Conference. Here there was a suggestion to form an Executive Council which
would have four members. The Congress Party suggested two of its members who were
Muslims. However, Jinnah refused the idea so talks came to a halt once again.
PARTITION PLANS
The leaders met up once again in the Cabinet Mission Plan of The British suggested two
possible plans. The rst one proposed that India should be split along the lines of where
there were Hindu or Muslim majority provinces. These provinces would have their own
power but there would be a central government to deal with issues such as foreign
a airs. The second plan was to have two countries: a Pakistan with a majority Muslim
population and the rest would be India with a Hindu majority. Congress rejected both
ideas which led to the League being angered and in turn, they instigated a peaceful
strike in Calcutta. This turned into violence, leaving many dead.
MOUNTBATTEN
In 1947, Louis Mountbatten was made the Viceroy of India. He accepted the idea of
partitioning India. The date for independence was set for June However, in February
1947, Mountbatten announced that he was going to bring it forward to August Sir Cyril
Radcli e was appointed to partition India. However, Radcli e had no experience in this
eld. The key area that was the most problematic was the state of Punjab. It had a
Muslim majority but Sikhs viewed it as their homeland.
Master Tara Singh
Louis Mountbatten
The Sikh representative was Master Tara Singh, through his party called the Shiromani
Akali Dal (SAD). On the 3rd of March 1947, Master Tara Singh, sword in hand, made a
speech calling for ‘Death to Pakistan’ in front of a Pro-Pakistan crowd. This led to riots 
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and violence across areas in Punjab.
PARTITION AND THE AFTERMATH
On the 14th and 15th of August 1947, Pakistan and India were given independence but
We think you
the boundary between the two countries was have liked this presentation.
not announced. This were madeIf youpublic
wish on
to
the 17th of August 1947 and led to panic and a mass migration amongst the Muslim and social
download it, please recommend it to your friends in any
Sikh communities. Sikhs did not system.
want toShare
be inbuttons are acountry
a Muslim little bit and
lower.
soThank you!to
migrated
India. Muslims who found themselves on the India side of Punjab migrated to Pakistan.
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There were major riots and killings on both sides and it is estimated that between
200,000 and one million people died.

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