CHUNG TICH XUA NHAT VE CHU NOM Mét tdm bia doi Ly Cao tén ‘UA rdi, toi dén Th vién khoa hoe xi hdi nhé tim cho xem ban d§p cla van bia Hg-thinh son (nif Dgc-thiy) thuge tht x@ Ninh-bioh ma nba han hoc nguéi Phap H. Maspéro di nhc dn trong mot mye chi thich cla bal “Ngbién ciru vé ngit am lich sir eda tléog Viét-nam? ding lap san BEFEO, tap XI1, s6 1. Ong H Maspéro ndi ring trong bai vin bia ay thuge nm 1343 (dei Tran Dy tOn) Ong thay cO ching hai chye chit nom ding a& ghi tén lang xdm va Ong cho dé 1a chitng tich xtra nbat cua chit ndm ma ng duge biét. Lau nay ngudi ta vin chi truy8n ai truy&n Iai cho nhau ¥ kién Sy mdi khi noi v8 ngudn g6c chit nOm, chir chia al duge thay cai bia dy ma cfing ching biét nhitng chit ném ay Ia nhiog chi gi. Toi nho thw vign tim dim ban dap cia bal vin bia dy thi khong thay. Ong ban Nguyén Dong Chi cho téi biét riog 6ng 4% ting dén tan avi Dyc-thiy a8 tim xem cai bia dy cO cin khéng thi cling khong thay 26 & dau cd, Thé la khOng mong: gi thay duoc nhitng chir nom cia bia HO-thanh son ma méy Iu nud ta vin ett nbfc cho la ching tich xtra abit cba chir ndm hign con. Song di tim thiy n6 hay khéng thi cing kbOng quan hé gi, Vichieng tich xa nbat v8 chi nom kchOng phii la n6. Ong Tran Huy Ba, trong bao Td quéc sé thang 3-1963 cho biét ring & Vién bio tang lich sir e6 mot qua chudng do ngtr dan miéa Bd-son méi vot durgeduél day big, Ong doanriing chuOng dic vaio doi Ly Nhan t6n niim 1076,nhurng theo t6i thi sir dean dinh dy chwa thie chinh xac. Trong bai khic & chung co hai chit ném ghi tén dit 18 Ong Ha. ‘Trong khi khOng tim thay dau vét biatld-thanh- sop, (01 Iai lim duge chtrng tich chit ndm DAO DUY ANU cling vé thai Ly ma chic chin hon. Nho Ong ban Nguyén ‘Trong Phin gitp dé, toi da muon duge tap 1 cla bd Van bia Viét-nam cia the vido thi thay ngay & ban vin bia sé 2AB cé nhigu chit nom. Day la bai vii bia chia Béo-An thuge xi Thap-miéu, t8ng Bach-tri, huyén Yén-ling, Uinh Phic-yén (nay thuge tinh Vinh-phu). Bal dy ndi v8 viéc dng chia va vige cing Tugng vio chiia vai cach sit dyng cic rugng Ay. Lac khoin a8 ré la bia lap ngay tot thang 12 nim Tri-binb-long-teng thit 5, tke dei Ly Cao ton, nim 1209, Chit bla kh&e rat dep, ma ie dau cach nay gin tim thé ky, nét chi con sic sio nhir moi. Mit trirée bia cd ghi tén nhiing xt c6 rudng cing bing chit nom, nhu Ding-hap [Al9R, Dang-chai . 4, Prong- son Hil], Ding-nbe . 3%, Dau Boi Wi va Boi-dién HEH, Boi-dam . if, tire rugng Boi, @im Bol, Lal c6 cau chit Han c6 Lin obit nom: «Cling vi oan sr dign>, ngbia 1a cing lam Tudng odin, trong dy chit odn $% la chit nom (1). mat bia sau thi diéi bang nién hiéu, c6 mot hang ghi tén muol nguoi cling rudng 1a: thing Ham, thing Chay, thing Tao, thing Lai, thing (tén bl xéa mat), thang (tén bj x6a mad), thing Dai, thing Viém, thing Viét, thing On. Cach goi tén nhu thé nay cho ching ta thiy ring chit thing biy gio chico ¥ nghia ding cAp, néu la ngwoi dan thing, khong (1) Nhitng chit “Boi din”, «Boi dams, “oan sy didn» cho thay ring bay gid nguéi la di yhép chit ndm vol chit Han a8 tgo nén nhitng tir kép hay nhém ti theo ogi phap chit Haa ma ding trong Han vin, iphai la ngwot thirgng lu cd boc, thi khi ghi tén nguoi ta chi ghi thing no thing kia (nlur doi sau danh no danh kia) chi khong ghi ci bo oh 6i voi ngtrdi thirgng liru, Trong tam tén con Iai (trie hai tén bj x6a) Loi thay cd hal tén r6 rang 1a chir udm: Chay va Dai con sau chit Han chi tén ngwét & saa chit Ihéing efing phil xem 1a chit nom. Vay thi cd thay c6 18 chit ndm khae ohau (48 ci hai cit bj x6a la 20), Truoe hét xin nol v8 cic chit ding, dong, thtng, chay. Sau chit nay 1a viét theo phép gid ta, mugn chik Han dgc theo Am han-vigt hoe flgc chéch di. Chir dng [FJ wa chit duréng iff 1a chi Han, trong cae sich nm xua nay vin ding lam chit nom @ chi canh @dng, con duéng. Chit thing viét la [j, doc theo am ban-viét 1a thing, nhung xtra nay cic sich nom vin diing nd ma ge chéch di lam thing. Chit chay viét la 3, Age theo Am han-viét 1a trai, 1a chir ma cac steh ndm xita nay van ding lam chit nom ma doe chéch di lam chgy. Con may chit khéc 18 chai, nhe, boi, o€n, dai va ic bigt ld chit ddu IX chit ndm viet theo phép binh thanh, mot bén la yéu t6 nghia thréng theo bd thi cia chit ban — mot bén la yu t6 Am. Trong may chit 4y th! ba chit chai. boi, odn la chit thirong thdy trong cic sich nom. Chit nhe la tén riéng ea canh ddng, 14 int ché de bigt, mgt bén dang dO thd + a® chi ¥ dng rudog, mot bén ding chit n if a& chi am. B6nnhw ché& dai va He chit dau Wi tht can phai thio luan. Chir #¥ chit Han dgc 1a tré. Nhung tol tirdng theo cal 1é dat téu chit Han cia t8 tién ta, nguél ta throng tim ohitng chit am hay ngbia dep ma dit, chit khong ai Igi at tén 1a tré, Am khOng hay ma ngbfa cling khOng dep ‘Trai lal khi mao dat tén tye thi ogudt ta lai hay chon nhitng ti co vé xu xf ma dit—co khi 14 con hiém thi dat tén xfu a8 cho macho qui hon—Do a6 161 thay chir ii khOng tht doc theo chi Han Ia tr durge ma phil doc theo chit ndm 1a dai. Con chit % thi chit Han doc la lita. Nhung & trirge chit boi nd phii la chit nom, néu doc a tia thi khong co ngbTa, nén 161 doc theo chit hinh thanh 12 dda, tir nay cd 1 c6 nghia 1a cat dam, cai bau, cdi mau, Déiu Boi, tire 1a Boi dam & san. Nhwng gli thuyét nay ein phai nghlén ctu thém. Bén nh obitng chir #, iy chi tén canh dng va.con duong va siuchit Han khae cb tén ngudi Ait sau chik thing tht @6 chink la chit nom. G du a edn c6 ba chit Hgi thich glac thi chit Agi & lal cfing Ja chir nom. Tht ci 21 chit nOm 4y & win bia dy 1a ching tich xac tge 16 ring dai Ly Cao Ton chitndm 4% viét theo qui céch day di, tire theo phép gid ta vA phép hinh thanh phéng theo phép Ive thir cia chik Trung-quéc. Sut che G61 sau, phép viét chit nom dy vin 18 phép viét chinh théng. Loi din & tap vin bia cho biét ring trén vin bia s6 1 AB 18 vin bla cha miéu Trin-tan the thiy than thuge x2 Phiic-tho (nay la Ph tho), t8ng Quang-bé huyén Lang-tai tinh B ninh (nay Id Ha-bfc) ¢6 chir nom. Bing 1a & mit sau kia, hang chi thir tur, ed my chit ‘Thanb-liéo xi higu Bo 7 xa”, trong may chit dy ti thay chit 7 la tén tue cia xf, phdi dgc theo chit ndm Ia bé hay bo. Trén bite anb ban dap vin bia va trong loi cha gidi cd ghi ring twong truyén bia nay 1a thuge doi Ly Anh t6n. Néu qui thye vay thi day lal la ching tich v chit ném xtra hon. Nhung digu ghi chil 46 khong ding, vi chinh & mit true bia lai c6 may chir «Ly (ria Anh ton ké thé », digu nay chirng td ring bia nay phal la dung & sau doi Ly Anh ton, ma con la sau thoi Ly nifa. Song lai khong c6 the 1a % trong thoi Tran, vi thot Trin thi pham ho Lg phai 431 lam ho Ngugén ca. Vay phai la bia thude thei Lé, ma bia thei Lé co chi ném la didu thurong qua roi, Nhw vay thi theo t0i, chitng tich chit ndm & bia Bao-An trén kia bién nay 1& chitng tich vao loci xtra nhit. Ngubn géc chi n6m c6 1é con xa hon dei Ly, mhung t6i khong 6 ¥ ban v8 vin a8 dy trong bai nay. ay 1a toi chi gidi thiéu voi cae banring ching ta di e6 chirng tich xac tac ring chirndm dicé true thei Trin, chit khOng phii la chi dén khi Nguyén Thuyén va Nguy8n Si Cé dang chit ndm 48 lam thi phi thi chit n6m mél xudt hlén nhir nguoi te vin tudng Lim, a