EDU 104

PRACTICUM OF SOCIAL SCIENCE

DIGITAL ALBUM ON
PROMINENT
SOCIAL SCIENTISTS
Jins Joseph
Social Science, St. Thomas College of Teacher Education, Mylacombu
MAX WEBER
Maximilian Karl Emil Weber was a sociologist, Historian, Jurist and a
Political Economist.
PERSONAL LIFE
• He was born on 21 april 1896 in Erfurt, a city of Prussia
• He was the eldest son of Max Weber Sr, who was a civil servant and Helen
Fallenstein who was from a wealthy family
• He was born to a family with notable heritage.
• In 1893 He married to Marianne Schnitger who was a feminist activist
• They would have no children
• He passed away in 14 June 1920 in Germany
EDUCATION AND CAREER

• His disciplines were Economics, History, Sociology and Law

• Wber studied from the University of Gottingen, Humboldt University of Berlin, Heidelberg University and
Kaiserin Augusta Gymnasium
• In 1888 he joined 'VEREIN FOR SOCIAL POLITIK' a new professional association of German Economists
• From 1893 Weber was a member of 'Alldeutscher Verband' [ A Pan German League]
• In 1894 He joined as an Economics Professor in Albert Ludwigs University
• In 1896 He joined as an Economics Professor at the University of Heidelberg

NOTABLE WORKS

• The Protestant Ethic and The Spirit of Capitalism [1904-05]

• Economy and Society [1922]
• General Economic History [1923]
WILLIAM DU BOIS
• William Edward Burghardt Du Bois was an
American sociologist, socialist, historian,
civil rights activist, Pan-Africanist, author,
writer and editor.
• Born: 23 February 1868, Great Barrington,
Massachusetts, United States
• Died: 27 August 1963, Accra, Ghana
EDUCATION
• Harvard University (1895),
• Humboldt University of Berlin (1892–1894)
• Harvard College (1888–1890)
NOTABLE WORKS
• Dusk of Dawn
• The Souls of Black Folk
• Black Reconstruction: An Essay Toward a History of the Part Black Folk Played in the Attempt to
Reconstruct Democracy in America, 1860–1880
FOUNDER OF
• National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.
• Niagara Movement
SUBJECTS OF STUDY
• Reconstruction
• Black nationalism
AUGUSTE COMTE

ISIDORE MARIE AUGUSTE FRANCOIS XAVIER

COMTE is the First Philosopher of Science in the modern
sense of the term.

PERSONAL LIFE

• Comte was born on 19January 1798 in France

• He was born to Louise Auguste Xavier Comte who was a
tax officer and Rosalie Boyer
• He married Caroline Massine in 1825 and later they
separated in 1842
• He passed away on September 5 1857 in Paris
EDUCATION AND CAREER
• Comte was educated by private tutors until he was 9
• He studied in the University of Montpellier
• At the age of 16 he admitted to Ecole Polytechnique in Paris
• Comte lead his career life as a Philosopher, Mathematician, Social Scientist, and as A
Teacher of Journalism

NOTABLE WORK
• Comte a developed the Positivist Theory Of Sociology
• Law of 3 Stages in the account of Social Evolution was one of his prominent works
• EncyclopedicLaw ,Altruism
• He was 1st to distinguish natural philosophy from science explicity
KARL MAX
PERSONAL LIFE
• He was born on 5 May 1818 in Trier, Germany
• He was born to Heinrich Max and Henriette Pressburg
• Jenny Von Westphalen was his spouse
• They had 7 children
• He passed away on 14th March 1883

EDUCATION AND CAREER

• He completed his studies from University of Bonn, University of
Berlin and University of Jena.
• His main Interests were Philosophy, Economics, History and
Politics.
• He worked as Economists, Historian and a Political Activist.
NOTABLE WORKS
• His best known titles are the Pamphlet The Communist
Manifesto and The Three-volume Das Kapital [1867-1883]
• His contribution to field of Economics is The Labour Theory
Of Value.
WILLIAM THOMPSON

PERSONAL LIFE
• He was born on 30 June 1775 in Cork,Ireland
• He was born into the Anglo-Irish Ascendancy of wealthy
owners and merchants of Cork society.
• His father, Alderman John Thompson one of the prosperent
merchant of that city
• He was Unmarried
• Thompson became a non-smoker,Teetotaller and vegetarian for
the last 17 years of his life
• He passed away on 28 March 1833 due to Chest affliction
CAREER
• He was an Irish political and philosophical writer
• He was a social reformer
• Thompson was an Egalitarian and democratHe was labelled as ‘Red Republican’ .

NOTABLE WORKS
• Thompson made his notable points in a series of letters, the title is “ Practical Education For South
of Ireland”.
• An Enquiry into the principles of the distribution of wealth most conducive to human happiness –
and Labor Rewarded: The claims of Labor and Capital Conciliated are the prominent book by
Thompson.
EMILE DURKHEIM
• Founder of the French school of sociology.
• French social scientist who developed a
vigorous methodology combining empirical re
search with sociological theory.
PERSONAL LIFE
• Emile Durkheim (1858–1917) was born in
Epinal, France, on April 15, 1858, to a devout
• French Jewish family.In 1887, he married a
young embroiderer named Louise Julie
• Dreyfus, the daughter of a director of a
foundry, and together they had two children,
Marie Bella (born 1888) and Andre-Armand
(born 1892).
EDUCATION AND CAREER
Emile Durkheim taught philosophy at various lycées between 1882 and 1887, when he was appointed
lecturer at the University of Bordeaux, where he later (1896) became professor of social science.
NOTABLE WORKS
1. The Division of Labour in Society (1893),
2. The Rules of Sociological Method (1895),
3. Suicide (1897),
4. Pedagogical Evolution in France
5. (published posthumously in 1938), and
6. The Elementary Forms of Religious Life (1912).
MICHEL FOUCAULT

Michel Foucault was a leading figure of the 20th century Western

philosophy. He was also a highly influential historian of ideas, literary
critic, social theorist and philologist. He firmly believed that
philosophy should be rooted in a historical context and he rejected the
postmodernist and post-structuralist labels attributed to him by
American academics.
PERSONAL LIFE
• Foucault was born in Poitiers, France, on October 15, 1926.
• He married Anne Malapert, the daughter of prosperous surgeon
• Dr. Prosper Malapert, who owned a private practice and taught
anatomy at the University of Poitiers’ School of Medicine.
• Foucault died in Paris on June 25, 1984
EDUCATION AND CAREER
A distinguished but sometimes erratic student, Michel Foucault gained entry at the age of 20 to the
École Normale Supérieure (ENS) in Paris in 1946. There he studied psychology and philosophy,
embraced and then abandoned communism, and established a reputation as a sedulous, brilliant, and
eccentric student.
NOTABLE WORKS
• Madness and Civilization (1961)
• The Birth of the Clinic (1963)
• The Order of Things (1966)
• Discipline and Punish (1975)
• The History of Sexuality (1976)
GEORGE HERBERT MEAD
George Herbert Mead was an American philosopher,
sociologist, and psychologist, primarily affiliated with the
University of Chicago, where he was one of several
distinguished pragmatists.
EDUCATION
• The University of Chicago,
• Oberlin Academy, Oberlin College,
• Harvard University
NOTABLE WORK
• Mind,
• Self and Society
PIERRE BOURDIEU
• Pierre Bourdieu was a French sociologist, anthropologist,
philosopher and public intellectual. Bourdieu’s contributions
to the sociology of education, the theory of sociology, and
sociology of aesthetics have achieved wide influence in
several related academic fields.
• Born: 1 August 1930, Denguin, France
• Died: 23 January 2002, Paris, France
EDUCATION
• École Normale Supérieure (1951–1954),
• Lycée Louis-le-Grand
NOTABLE WORKS
• Reproduction in Education, Society, and Culture
• La Distinction
SCHOOL
1. Structuralism.
2. Genetic structuralism.
3. Critical sociology.
• Influenced: Anthony Giddens, Loïc Wacquant, Édouard Louis
• Influenced by: Émile Durkheim, Max Weber, Michel Foucault, Karl Marx, Norbert Elias,
Erving Goffman
WILHELM DILTHEY
Wilhelm Dilthey was a German historian, psychologist, sociologist, and
hermeneutic philosopher, who held G. W. F. Hegel’s Chair in Philosophy
at the University of Berlin.
PERSONAL LIFE
• Wilhelm Dilthey was born in Biebrich, a village in the Rhineland, on
Nov. 19, 1833.
• In 1874, he married Katherine Puttmann, and the couple had one son
and two daughters.
• Wilhelm Dilthey died on October 1 1911.
• Influenced: Martin Heidegger, Hans-Georg Gadamer, Max Weber,
Jürgen Habermas, Georg Simmel
• Influenced by: Immanuel Kant, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel,
Friedrich Schleiermacher
SUBJECTS OF STUDY
• Social science
• Humanities
• Methodology
NOTABLE IDEAS
• General hermeneutics,
• Distinction between explanatory and descriptive sciences,
• Distinction between explanatory and descriptive psychology,
• Typology of the three basic Weltanschauungen
FERNAND BRAUDEL
• Fernand Braudel was a French historian and a leader of the Annales
School.
• His scholarship focused on three main projects: The Mediterranean,
Civilization and Capitalism, and the unfinished Identity of France.
• Born: 24 August 1902, Luméville-en-Ornois, Gondrecourt-le-
Château, France
• Died: 27 November 1985, Cluses, France.
• Influenced: Gregory Areshian
• Influenced by: Marc Bloch, Lucien Febvre, Karl Marx, Émile
Durkheim, Ibn Khaldun
PERSONAL LIFE
• Fernand Braudel was born August 24, 1902, in the small town of Luneville in eastern France.
• He was married to the former Paule Pradel in 1933 and they had two daughters, Marie-Pierre and
Francoise.
• Fernand Braudel died on November 28, 1985, at the age of 83.
EDUCATION AND CAREER
Braudel was educated at the Lycée Voltaire and the Sorbonne, where at the age of 20 he was awarded
an agrégé in history. While teaching at the University of Algiers between 1923 and 1932, he became
fascinated by the Mediterranean Sea and wrote several papers on the Spanish presence in Algeria in the
16th century.
NOTABLE WORKS
Capitalism. After La Méditerranée, Braudel’s most famous work is Civilisation Matérielle, Économie et
Capitalisme, Xve-XVIIIe (Civilization and Capitalism, 15 th-18th Century). The first volume was
published in 1967, and was translated to English in 1973. The last of the three-volume work appeared
in 1979.
HERBERT SPENCER
• Herbert Spencer was an English philosopher, biologist,
anthropologist, and sociologist famous for his hypothesis of
social Darwinism whereby superior physical force shapes
history.
• Born: 27 April 1820, Derby, United Kingdom
• Died: 8 December 1903, Brighton, United Kingdom
• Influenced: Émile Durkheim, Charles Darwin, William
Graham Sumner, Jack London, Ayn Rand
• Influenced by: Auguste Comte, Charles Darwin, John Stuart
Mill, Aristotle, Thomas Henry Huxley
NOTABLE WORKS SUBJECTS OF STUDY
1. The Proper Sphere of Government • Evolution
2. Social Statics • social change
3. Descriptive Sociology • social structure
4. The Man versus the State • cultural evolution
5. First Principles • survival of the fittest
6. The Synthetic Philosophy
7. The Principles of Sociology
8. The Principles of Psychology