1) -ING form usage

-(як іменник/підмет)
Swimming is good for your health.

-(після прийменників та сполучників)

He left without greeting.
I drank a cup of coffee before leaving.
It feels like getting colder.
(like, before, after, without, with, at, of, in, on, to, towards, as…)

Навіть, коли ще щось між ними.

She earns money by carefully tidying the rooms.
I saw them with Karen being in the car.
There are a lot of attractions with parks and cinemas included.
-(коли хтось або щось у процесі)
БУЛО: He was sitting in the armchair and he was scrolling his instagram.
CТАЛО: He was sitting in the armchair, scrolling his instagram.
-(коли хтось робить короткі послідовні дії)
He checked his email and he blocked his phone.
Checking his email he blocked his phone.
(Описуємо людину чи річ, які у процесі)
The man who is standing at the door is my boss.
The man standing at the door is my boss.
The rolling stone knocked me over.
+-(коли хтось досяг результату, то having done)\
Having finished the book, she took another one.

Якщо після наступних фраз/дієслів є інше дієслово, то це дієслово буду у

формі -ing. (writing)

1. admit writing
2. appreciate writing
3. avoid writing
4. can’t help writing
5. consider writing
6. delay writing
 7. deny writing
8. detest writing
9. discuss writing
10.dislike writing
11.enjoy writing
12.escape writing
13.face writing
14.fancy writing
15.feel like writing
16.finish writing
17.give up writing
18.involve writing
19.keep on writing
20.mention writing
21.mind writing
22.miss writing
23.postpone writing
24.practise writing
25.put off writing
26.resist writing
27.risk writing
28.suggest writing
29.spend writing
30.understand writing
31.look forward to writing

+ It’s no use writing

+ It’s not worth writing
+ to be used to writing
+ get used to writing

Short list (writing)

Краткий список

avoid writing (уникаю написання)+++

can’t help writing (не можу не написати)
help (to) write
consider writing (обдумую, приймаю до уваги написання)
discuss writing (обговорюють написання) +++
enjoy writing (насолоджуюсь написанням) +++
 face writing (зіштовхнутися з написанням)
finish writing (закінчити написання)+++
involve writing (включати написання)
keep (on) writing (продовжувати писати) +++
mind writing (заперечувати/возражать против написания)+++
practise writing (практикувати написання)

32.risk writing (ризикувати написанням)

33.suggest writing (предполагать/ предлагать)
34.spend time writing (проводити час пишучи)
35.understand writing
36.look forward to writing

+ to be used to writing (бути звиклим до написання)

+ get used to writing (звикнути до написання)

1. Lili becomes the fourth generation of ____ , strong women in the family.
A. amaze
B. amazes
C. amazed
D. amazing

2. After ____ home from the hospital, they introduced Harry's grandmother
to her namesake via a video call.

A. returning
B. returned
C. returns
D. is returning
3. Gad captioned the picture, which also showed Ford wearing a face mask
while ____ to other masked-up people on set.

A. talk
B. talks
C. talked
D. talking
4. James Mangold (Logan) is instead sitting in the director's chair, with
Spielberg, Kathleen Kennedy, Frank Marshall and Simon Emanue ____ as
producers.

A. serves
B. serve
C. serving
D. served
5. The movie was officially announced in December, with Disney _____ a
release date.

A. announced
B. announcing
C. announce
D. announces
6. I wish he wouldn't keep ____ me "dear" - it's so patronizing!

A. calls
B. called
C. calling
D. call
7. We look forward to ____ our partnership with John Boyega's UpperRoom
Productions.

A. continuing
B. continue
C. continues
D. continued
8. American injustices through intense action sequences, suspense and dark
humor," ___ to Variety.

A. accorded
B. accord
C. according
D. accords
9. ______ for her gloves, she dug through the entire wardrobe.
 A. Searching
B. Searched
C. Having searching
D. Being searched
10. _____ a song, she danced through the house with the mop.

A. Sing
B. Singing
C. Sung
D. Sang

11. ___ by the sun, the driver didn’t see the stop sign.

A. Blinded
B. Blinding
C. Blind
D. Blinds

12._____ by him, every song sounds just wonderful.

A. Singing
B. Sung
C. Sings
D. Sang

13. ____ the party too early, we couldn’t see the fireworks anymore.

A. Leaving
B. Left
C. Being leaved
D. Having left
14. ____ one litre of water, she really needed to go to the toilet.

A. Having drunk
B. Drunk
C. Drinking
D. Being drunk

15. Do you mind ____ inside?

A. smoked
B. smokes
C. being smoked
D. smoking

16. Everybody really enjoyed ____ the cha-cha-cha.

A. dancing
B. dances
C. dance
D. danced

17. I always put off _____ my homework until the last possible moment.

A. done
B. did
C. does
D. doing

18. I suggested your ____ your grandmother.

A. visiting
B. visited
C. visits
 D. visit

Якщо після цих дієслів є інше дієслово, то це дієслово буде з to. (to read)

To be able to read
afford to read
agree to read
appear to read
arrange to read
ask to read
attempt to read
beg to read
choose to read
decide to read
encourage to read
expect to read
fail to read
happen to read
help to read
hope to read
hope to read
manage to read
know how to read
offer to read
plan to read
pleased to read
prepare to read
pretend to read
promise to read
refuse to read
seem to read
tend to read
try to read
take to
take for
want to read
wish to read
would like to read
forget to read

+ what to read
 + how to read
+ where to read
+ why to read (BUT: why not read)
+ adjectives + to (nice to meet, pleased to read, glad to see, sorry to
read, afraid to read..)
+ only to read
+ too/enough to read

TO-infinitive
(Ціль, щоб щось зробити)
1) To+ infinitive (щоб щось зробити)
I am going out to get some fresh air.
2) In order to(щоб щось зробити)
He went to Harvard in order to obtain a degree in economics.
Заперечення є тільки у in order to/ so as to.
He took a taxi in order not to be late.
He took a taxi not to be late.

He went by tube so as not to be late.

3) for+ -ing form/noun
I am going out for getting some fresh air.

Short list (writing)

Краткий список
To be able to read (могти прочитати) +++
afford to read ( мати можливість дозволити собі прочитати) +++
agree to read (погодитися прочитати)
agree on/with reading
appear to read (здається, що читає)+++
seem to read (здаєтьcя, що читає)+++
manage to read (вдалося прочитати)+++
tend to read (бути схильним до того щоб прочитати)+++
to be likely to read
decide to read (вирішити почитати)++++
help (to) read (допомогти прочитати)+++
know how to read (знати як читати)
take to read (взяти, щоб прочитати)+++
take for reading
want to read (хотіти прочитати)++++
wish to read (бажати прочитати)
would like to read (хотів би прочитати)
to be going to read (збиратися прочитати)
+ what to read
+ how to read
+ where to read
+ why to read (BUT: why not read)
+ adjectives + to (nice to meet, pleased to read, glad to see, sorry to
read, afraid to read, fast to complete..) ++++
+ only to read
+ too/enough to read++++

ГОЛИЙ ІНФІНІТИВ (bare infinitive)

Якщо після цих дієслів є інше дієслово, то це дієслово буде без to. (say)

let me say
make me cry
після всіх модальних дієслів (can, could, must, might, should, окрім have
to/ought to/To be able to )
would rather stay

+ feel the ground shake

+ notice him stand at the door
+ watch them sit on the bench
+ see
+ hear him sing songs
 1) I felt the ground shake once./I felt the ground shaking for about half a
minute.
2) I saw the burglar climb over the fence and break into the house./I saw
the burglar climbing over the fence.
3) I have never heard them play that song before./I heard my brother
singing in the bathroom.

1. Along with the release date of the new film, Rogen, 39, shared an imagine
that appeared ____ from Leonardo's notebook.

A. be taken
B. being taken
C. is taken
D. to be taken

2. Leo takes notes like I used to ____.

A. caption
B. captioned
C. captioning
D. captions
3. the best of what PEOPLE has to offer, from juicy celebrity news to
_____ human interest stories.
A. compelling
B. compelled
C. compel
D. compelles
4. JoJo Siwa Says She's Trying 'So Bad' ____ Kissing Scene with a Man
Removed from Upcoming Movie.

A. Getting
B. Gets
C. Getting
 D. to Get
5. I'm madly in love and I do not want ___ another human.
A. to kiss
B. kisses
C. kiss
D. kissing
6. And so it's going ___ a little weird..
A. being
B. be
C. been
D. to be
7. I’ve
joined a gym to ____ fit.
A.getting
B. get
C. got
D.so that get
8. Inaddition to __ in for sports, she studies a lot.
A.go
B. going
C. gone
D.have gone
9. Sheis learning English in order to ____ a job in England.
A.getting
B. get
C. got
D.have got
10. He
is involved in all processes from manufacturing to
_______.
 A.trade
B. to be traded
C. trading
D.traded
11. Pamella called to the lost property office in order ____the
loss of luggage.
A.to report
B. to reporting
C. to have report
D.to
12. We wasted a lot of time ____ a parking space.
A.find
B. finding
C. to find
D.found
13.
Після цих дієслів може бути або -ing, або -to зі зміною смислу.

1) (forget)
I am sorry, I forgot to call you. (забув подзвонити)
I’ll never forget passing my first exam. (ніколи не забуду, як здавав іспит)

2) (remember)
Remember to call Jack. (Не забудь подзвонити Джеку)
I remember seeing you here before. (пам’ятаю, як бачив тебе тут)

3) (try)
He tried to win the race. (він намагався виграти)
Try exercising, you may lose weight. (спробуй займатися)
 4) (stop)
He stopped to drink some tea and then continued working. (зупинився, щоб
випити)
He stopped eating junk food because it is unhealthy. (перестав їсти
шкідливу їжу)
 Часи інфінітива
to do (що робити зараз або що зробити She wants to go home.-Вона хоче піти
у майбутньому) додому. (зараз)
She wants to move to another city. (хоче
переїхати у майбутньому)

to be doing (прямо зараз відбувається) She is known to be living in Odessa.

to have done (дія результат до моменту She claims to have written everything
присудку) correctly.

to have been doing She is so tired. She claims to have been

working a lot.

З перфектними інфінітивами використовуються такі слова: seem, appear, believe,

know, report, claim, expect...+must, should ..(усі модальні)

Опускаємо особу перед інфінітивом, She wants to leave home in 2 hours.

коли він такий самий, як перед (вона хочу і вона залишає)
основним дієсловом.

Ставимо особу перед інфінітивом She wants him to leave home now. (вона
Особа у вигляді object pronouns (me, хоче, а залишить він)
him, them…), name (Dasha), noun.
Participles

-ING form

1) як іменник (як підмет у т.ч.)

Jogging is good for your health.
Eating vegetables is good for your health.
2) після prepositions
He went out instead of working.
He looks like writing an essay.
They usually take showers after training.
3) Як дія, що передувала іншій.
Wearing an elegant black dress, she went out for dinner.
Hearing his voice she started to run. (якщо дія коротка, послідовна)
4) Якщо є результат, що передує дії, то having done.
Having done his homework, he watched TV.
Having reached Kyiv, they stayed at the hotel.
5) Щоб описати людину або річ, які у процесі.
Imagine the person who is creating a new computer programme.
Imagine the person creating a new computer programme.
The rolling stone has nearly knocked me over.
6) Being+ V3 form =Над кимось виконали дію

Being punished for drunk driving, he was ordered to pay a fine.

Being caught, he thought about escaping.
Punished for

3 form

1) щоб описати особу або річ, над якою виконали дію і закінчили
її.
The person who is chosen for this position will be contacted by phone.
The person chosen for this position will be contacted by phone.
The chosen person will be contacted by phone.

The information which was gathered by him is very useful.

The information gathered by him is very useful.
gather together
Часто показує причину:
Shocked by the news, she decided to go for a short stroll.
Дає додаткову інформацію:
Built by the local firm, this office is very nice.

-ing Versus III Form

We had a tiring day. (We were tired)

We got some shocking news. (I was shocked by this news)
The book was so interesting. (I am interested in this book.)

ТІЛЬКИ ДЛЯ ТИХ ДІЄСЛІВ, ЩО МОЖУТЬ ОПИСУВАТИ І

ПРИЧИНУ, І ЕМОЦІЇ ВІД ПРИЧИНИ.
 1) amuse-развлекать, забавлять
to be amused-быть развлеченным (когда вас что-то позабавило,
развлекло)
to be amusing-быть смешным, забавным

Tom tries to amuse us by this story.

We are amused by this story.
This story is amusing.
2) fascinate-очаровывать
to be fascinated-быть очарованным
to be fascinating-быть очаровательным

Your dress totally fascinates me.

I am fascinated by your dress.
Your dress is fascinating.
 3) confuse-путать, смущать
to be confused-быть в замешательстве (когда тебя запутали, смутили)
to be confusing-быть запутанным, сбивающим с толку, смущающим.
Don’t confuse courage with foolishness.
I am confused by your explanations.
Your evidence is a bit confusing.

4) frighten-пугать
to be frightened-быть напуганным
to be frightening-быть пугающим

Don’t frighten us by your appearance.

I’m frightened when I’m alone.
This is so frightening.

Task 1

1) This grammar lesson seemed to ____me. All students in the group were
____ by this topic. Why is it so ____?

Options:boring, bore, bores, bored.

This film seems to bore them

This film seems to be boring for them.

2) English doesn’t ___ me. English is not ___ so I am not ___ .

Options: exciting, excite, excited, excites.

3) My job is____ . I have to carry heavy boxes all day. When I get home
from work, I’m___. Does your job ____ you?

Options: tired, tire, tires, tiring.

4) If there is an____ show on TV, I’ll watch it. If not, I’ll go to bed. The
government is trying to ____ the opposite party in buying new shipments.
Are they ____ in it?

Options: interests, interest, interesting, interested.

5) I’m taking an English course at university. It is difficult. Sometimes

English grammar is _____. Yesterday, my teacher tried to explain
participial adjectives. I was _____-. I was ____ that everyone understood
it but me. Such a situation ____ me.

Options: puzzled, puzzling, surprised, frightens, frightening.

6) -I feel ____ because of this inconvenience. Could we fix it? I acted in the
___ way, I think.

-It was really _____.

Options: embarrassed, embarrassing, disgust, disgusting.

 Earworms also vary across situations, striking when people (44) ______ or
under stress.
A. tiring
B. have tired
C. are tired
D. tired

Scientists and anyone (36)______ by ancient cultures….

A. are fascinating
B. fascinate
C. fascinated
D. fascinating

It is a structure so (41) __________ that a famous scientist

A. amazement
B. amazed
C. amazingly
D. amazing
11) Earworms occur more often among women, musicians, and individuals who
(43) ______ to worry.
A.tend
B.tending
C.tended
D.tends
tend to do sth-бути схильним
to be likely to do something-бути схильним, ймовірно

The experience is harmless and unrelated to both obsessive-compulsive disorder

and endomusia, the (41) ______ of music that is not really there.
A. hears
B.heard
C.hearing
D.is hearing

13) Having a song, tune, or commercial jingle stuck in one's head is a

phenomenon (40) ______ as having an earworm.
A.Knew
B.known
C.has known
D.knows

14) ___ lunch, I sat in the garden with a drink.

A. Making
B. Made
C. Having made
D. Being made

15) ______ in the queue , I realised I didn't have any money.

A. Standing
B. Stood
C. Having stood
D. Being stood

16) ___ by the changing information, they thought the plane was cancelled.
 A. Confusing
B. Confused
C. Having confused
D. Be confused

17) ___ by a local architect and artist, the house combines traditional materials
with original design.

A. Building
B. Built
C. Having built
D. Be built

18)In spite of ____ the instructions twice, I still couldn’t understand how to
use it.

A. having read
B. reading
C. read
D. being read

19) -Did you enjoy the event?

-Oh, yes. It was ______.

A. excited
B. excitedly
C. exciting
D. being exciting

20) -Shall I turn off the light?

-No, I am_____.

A. frightening
B. frightened
C. being frightened
D. having frightened

21) -How do you feel today?

-I still feel very ____.

 A. tire
B. tiring
C. being tired
D. tired

22) -Did you feel embarrassed?

-Yeah, it was highly ______.

A. embarrassed
B. embarrassing
C. having embarrassed
D. being embarrassed

23) The blue color in the Skype logo represents communication, prosperity and
(37) ________ of hope; whereas the white color represents peace and harmony.

A. an emotion
B. a emotion
C. emotion
D. the emotion
While (36) _____________, he used to observe the sights, sounds and smells of
London in order to write about them.
A. walked
B. walking
C. walk
D. was walking
X-rays revealed that Leonardo sketched three different poses before (41)
______ on the final design.
A.settling
B.settled
C.to settle
D.having settled

Earworms also vary across situations, striking when people (44) ______ or
under stress.
A. tiring
 B. have tired
C. are tired
D. tired

Scientists and anyone (36)______ by ancient cultures….

A. are fascinating
B. fascinate
C. fascinated
D. fascinating

It is a structure so (41) __________ that a famous scientist

A. amazement
B. amazed
C. amazingly
D. amazing
11) Earworms occur more often among women, musicians, and individuals who
(43) ______ to worry.
A.tend
B.tending
C.tended
D.tends
tend to do sth
to be likely to do something

The experience is harmless and unrelated to both obsessive-compulsive disorder

and endomusia, the (41) ______ of music that is not really there.
A. hears
B.heard
C.hearing
D.is hearing

13) Having a song, tune, or commercial jingle stuck in one's head is a

phenomenon (40) ______ as having an earworm.
A.Knew
B.known
C.has known
D.knows
14) ___ lunch, I sat in the garden with a drink.

A. Making
B. Made
C. Having made
D. Being made

15) ______ in the queue , I realised I didn't have any money.

A. Standing
B. Stood
C. Having stood
D. Being stood

16) ___ by the changing information, they thought the plane was cancelled.

A. Confusing
B. Confused
C. Having confused
D. Be confused

17) ___ by a local architect and artist, the house combines traditional materials
with original design.

A. Building
B. Built
C. Having built
D. Be built

18)In spite of ____ the instructions twice, I still couldn’t understand how to
use it.

A. having read
B. reading
C. read
D. being read

19) -Did you enjoy the event?

-Oh, yes. It was ______.

 A. excited
B. excitedly
C. exciting
D. being exciting

20) -Shall I turn off the light?

-No, I am_____.

A. frightening
B. frightened
C. being frightened
D. having frightened

21) -How do you feel today?

-I still feel very ____.

A. tire
B. tiring
C. being tired
D. tired

22) -Did you feel embarrassed?

-Yeah, it was highly ______.

A. embarrassed
B. embarrassing
C. having embarrassed
D. being embarrassed

23) The blue color in the Skype logo represents communication, prosperity and
(37) ________ of hope; whereas the white color represents peace and harmony.

A. an emotion
B. a emotion
C. emotion
D. the emotion
While (36) _____________, he used to observe the sights, sounds and smells of
London in order to write about them.
A. walked
 B. walking
C. walk
D. was walking
X-rays revealed that Leonardo sketched three different poses before (41)
______ on the final design.
A.settling
B.settled
C.to settle
D.having settled

Relative clauses

With relative pronouns

Who/that for people (котрий) The actors who/that do in the play.

Which/that for things/animals The scenery which/that was set at
(котрий) our local theatre. The play which I
managed to see at the theatre.
(that is more widespread for
speaking. also, we use it for things we
discussed beforehand)
whose (чий) The director whose talent is difficult
to exaggerate.
where (де, куди) The theatre where we used to go.
when (коли) We’ll go to the theatre when she has a
day off.
Contact clauses -можливі лише, коли ми описуємо щось інше за допомогою:
1) підмета і присудка; 2) -ing форми або 3 форми дієслова.

This spectacle, which we saw yesterday, is awesome.

or
This is the spectacle we saw yesterday.
BUT: The spectacle, which was put on at our local theatre, is awesome.

The spectacle X was put on at our local theatre is awesome.

The audience, who are sitting in the hall, is elderly enough.
The audience sitting in the hall is elderly enough.
The spectacle which is played today is awesome.
The spectacle played today was awesome.

The man, who is sitting next to me,____ a book.

is reading/reading

Put who, that, which, when, where in the gaps.

1. The last time _____ we were at the theatre, we didn’t like the
performance.
2. The script ____ was written by this director is brilliant.
3. The theatre ____ we used to go is being under construction at the
moment.
4. Do you like the actors ____ act in this play?
5. The decoration ____ was prepared by the theatre group.

Paraphrase the ideas without relative pronouns

1. The sights which we saw in Odessa were really impressive.

2. The attractions that are located in Odessa made me impressed.
3. The archeological museum where we were in Odessa is under
construction.
4. The dishes that we are tasting now belong to Ukrainian dishes.
5. I’d like to tell you the places of interest which you should visit.
6. Ukrainian cuisine that is famous for borsch and dumplings is worth
trying. (is a contact relative possible in here)