T.C.

Karabük University Institute of Graduate Department of Civil Engineering

Final Exam of Microstructure of Cement and Concrete (EN)

S.1. Make microstructure comments regarding the concrete, which is given the SEM (scanning electron
microscope) image below. (It will be considered that the concrete is produced homogeneously.) Make
definitions regarding the crystal structures on the SEM image.

S.2. Make a microstructure analysis of the concrete with SEM image below. How can the basic
properties of this concrete be? Please comment on the subject.

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 T.C. Karabük University Institute of Graduate Department of Civil Engineering
Final Exam of Microstructure of Cement and Concrete (EN)

S.3. The two SEM images given below were obtained from a piece of concrete. Make a description of
the crystal structures clearly seen in the SEM images given. Comment how these structures create
effects in concrete. If mineralogical analysis on the subject had been done, which components would
have been in what proportions?

S.4. Below is the back-scattering SEM image of a concrete. What might be at the points marked with
letters according to this image? Define and explain what effects these structures can have on concrete.
At what stage could this image be taken (early process late process)?

S.5. What effects would occur if silica fume was used in the above (Q.4) concrete? (Evaluation should
be made for C, D and E points)

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