180 METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING 367 i) Designation: G 131 - 96 Standard Test Method for 1, Scope I, This test method covers a procedure for testing sizes of ‘ase aggregate smaller than 37.5 mm (1% in.) for resis- luc fo depradation using the Los Angeles testing machine, {ie I-A proveduee for testing coarse aggregate larger than 19.0 th in) covered ie Test Method C 535, 2 The values stated in ST units are 10 be regarded as the ranled, The values given in parentheses are for informa- tiocaly 13 This standard does not purport to address all of the nifely concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the Ingmibilty of the user of this standard to establish appro~ sie safety and health practices and determine the applica- {iol regulatory limitations priar to use. 4, Referenced Documents 1 ASTM Standords: C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates? 136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates? (535 Test Method for Resistance to Degradation of Large-Size Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact in the Los Angeles Machine? C610 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias State- ‘menis for Test Methods for Construction Materials? (102 Practice for Reducing Samples of Ageregate to ‘esting Size? D15 Practice for Sampling Aggregates? Ell Specification for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Porposest 4, Terminology 4 Defitions—For definitions of terms used in this test shad, refer to Terminology C 125. 4. Summary of Test Method A This test is a measure of degradation of mineral (Mie et method is ander dhe jurisdiction of ASTM Commitee C9 on “sland Coneete Aggregates and isthe det responsibly of Subeommitee (DHA ce Nomad Weight Apzreates. ‘ies editon approved Jy 10,1996. Published Seprember 1996. Originally plied a € 131 = 37°C Last previonsetion © 131 89, “incl Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02 “al Book ef ASTM Standards, Vol 04.03 ‘iml Book of ASTH Stondards, Vol 14.02 Resistance to Degradation of Small-Size Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact in the Los Angeles Machine’ “This standacd is issued under the fixed designation C_L31; the number imaneitely fellowing the designation indicates the year of vigil aception 0 in the ease of revision, the year of lst evsion, umber in parertheses indicates tbe year of ast reappeoval. A terse epson () indoates an editorial change since the ast revision or reapproval This sarsard tas been approved for wae by agencies ofthe Department of Defense, Consult the DoD Index of Specifoations and Standards forthe specie year o sve which has been adopted by she Department of Leese aggregates of standard gradings resulting from a combination of actions including abrasion or attrition, impact, and grinding in a rotating steel drum containing a specified number of sigel spheres, the number depending upon the grading of the test sample. As the drum rotates, a shelf plate picks up the sample and the steel spheres, carrying them around until they are dropped to the opposite side of the drum, creating an impact-crushing effect, The contents then roll within the drum with an abrading and grinding action until the shelf plate picks up the sample and the steel spheres, and the cycle is repeated, After the prescribed number of revolutions, the contents are removed from the drum and the aggregate portion is sieved to measure the degradation as percent loss. . Significance and Use 5.1 This test has been widely used as an indicator of the relative quality or competence of various sources of aggregate having similar mineral compositions. The results do not automatically permit valid comparisons to be made between sources distinctly different in origin, composition, or struc- ture. Specification limits based on this tcst should be assigned with extreme care in consideration of available ‘aggregate types and their performance history in specific end 6. Apparatus 6.1. Los Angeles Machine—A Los Angeles machine, con- forming in all essential characteristics to the design shown in Fig, I, shall be used, The machine shall consist of a hollow stcel ¢ylinder, closed at both ends, conforming to the di- mensions shown in Fig. 1, having an inside diameter of 711 4: 5 mm (28 + 0,2 in), and an inside Jength of 508 + 5 mm (20 + 0.2 in}, The cylinder shall be mounted on stub shafts attached to the ends of the cylinder but not entering it, and shall be mounted in such a manner that it may be rotated vith the axis in a horizontal position within a tolerance in slope of | in 100. An opening in the eylinder shall be provided for the introduction of the test sample. A suitable, dust-tight cover shall be provided for the opening with means for bolting the cover in place. The cover shall be so designed as to maintain the cylindrical contour of the interior surface unless the shelf is so located that the charge will not fall on the cover, or come in contact with it during the test. A removable sieel shelf extending the full length of the cylinder and projecting inward 89 -+ 2 mr (3.5 + 0.1 in.) shall be ‘mounted on the interior cylindrical surface of the cylinder,368 METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING TH hc 134 FLLEN DATE oF see THANE GAErT AiEANATE OESICM CFaNGLE SHELF 5860en suocesr moo | Sancerns ates 8) 3 =a 1] sane? conser tsb anh step AE suc 1k eters + TINS oF wasEET lag AEA! STRLON FL: SECU fos wo" Las Tan 0 rma pe B23 tie STULL SHEL? ELT AND COWER |, MEAS ‘ous iff oaerign oF FIG. 1 Los Angeles Testing Machina in such a way that a plane ceatered between the large faces coincides with an axial plane, The shelf shall be of such thickness and so mounted, by bolts or other suitable means, as to be firm and rigid. ‘The position of the shelf shall be such that the sample and the steel spheres shall not impact on or near the opening and its cover, and that the distance from the shelf to the opening, measured along the outside circum- ference of the cylinder in the direction of rotation, shall be not less than 1270 mm (50 in.), Inspect the shelf periodically to determine that it is not bent either lengthwise or from its ‘normal radial position with respect to the cylinder. If either condition is found, repair or mplace the shelf before further tests are conducted. Nove 2—The use of a shelf of wear-resistant steel, rectangular in cross section and mounted independently of the cover, & preferred. However, a shelf consisting of a section of rolled angle, properly ‘mounted on the inside of the cover plate, may be used provided the rection of rotation is such that the charge willbe caught oa the outside Tage of the angle 6.1.1 The machine shall be 50 driven and so counterbal- anced as to maintain a substantially uniform peripheral specd (Note 3), If an angle is used as the shelf, the direction of rotation shall be such that the charge is caught on the outside surface of the angle. Note 3—Buck-lash or lip in the driving mechaniam is very funsh te eels which are nok duplicate. y other Lat gh imathines producing constant peripheral speed. 62 Sieves, conforming to Specification E 11. 63 Balance—A balance or scale accurate within 0.16 test load over the range required for this test 6.4 Charge—The charge shall consist of steel sph averaging approximately 46,8 mm (12%2 in.) in diame and each having a mass of between 390 and 445 g. 64.1 The charge, depending upon the grading ofthe st sample as described in Section 8, shall be as follows: Nomber of Mas of Grading ‘Spheres Chars, A 2 $000 4 25 8 u 4554 225 © 4 333020 D 6 250018 Nore 4—Siee! ball bearings 46.0 mm (1'Y ins) and 47.6 ml fn.) in diameter, having a muss of approximately 400 and 440 gx, respectively, are readily available. Steel spheres 46.8 mm ([2/a ia). Siameter having a mass of approximately 420 ¢ may also be oti ‘The charge may consist of a mixture of these sizes conformig ole ‘mass tolerances of 6.4 and 6.4.1,| | 196 METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING 369 hh C137 TABLE 1 Gradings of Test Samples Sa Sie auace Opera) ase of ated Saas, @ an rang Patang Retna on a x 3 ‘B75 eon (1% In) ‘25.0mm{ In) 7260425 Som Gin) 380mm Gun) 4250 3 95 : {80 mm Gain) 25mm (an) 4250 10 F500 10 126 mean} Ss nmeein) 1 250 = 10 2500210 dem (ern) 83 nm (in) 2500410 S3nm (hn) rom ho.) 2500210 A75mm(eb.4) 2:3 No. 8) 8000210 Tot 500010 5.000 10 5.000 & 10 5 000: 10 7, Sampling 10. Calculation 74 Obtain the field sample in accordance with Practice D175, and reduce the field sample to adequate sample size in sgondance with Practice C 702. 4, Test Sample Preparation 81 Wash and oven dry the reduced sample at 110 & 5°C (80 + 9°F) to substantially constant mass (see 9.1.1), separate into individual size fractions, and recombine to the nding of Table 1 most nearly corresponding to the range of ses in the agaregate as furnished for the work. Record the ines of the sample prior to test ( the nearest Tg. 4. Procedure $.1 Place the test sample and the charge in the Los Angeles testing machine and rotate the machine at a speed of 30 to 33 r/min for 500 revolutions. After the prescribed umber of revolutions, discharge the material from the machine and make a preliminary separation of the sample ona sieve coarser than the 1.70-mm (No. 12), Sieve the finer postion on a 1.70-mm sieve in a manner conforming to Test Method C 136, Wash the material coarser than the 1.70-mm seve and oven-dry at 110 + 5°C (230 + 9°F) to substantially constant mass (see 9.1.1), and determine the mass to the tearest 1 g (Note 6) SLL If the aggregate is essentially free of adherent coat- ings and dust, the requirement for washing after test may be vwaived, but drying before the test is always required However, in the case of referee testing, the washing proce- dute shall be performed, Nore 5—Elimination of washing after test will seldom reduce the reasured loss by more than about 0.2 % of the original sample ass More 6—Valuable information conceming the uniformity of the ‘ample under test may be obtained by determining the loss after 100 feylutions. This lost should be determined without washing the rifral coarser than the I 70-mum sieve. The rato of the loss after 100 revolutions to the loss after 500 revolutions should not greatly exceed (120 for meter) of uniform hardness. When this determination is sme, take care to avoid losing any part of the sample: return the entire ‘ample, including the dust of fracture, to the testing machine for the final 400 revolutions required to complete the test. 10.1 Calculate the foss (difference between the original mass and the final mass of the test sample) asa percentage of the original mass of the test sample. Report this value as the percent loss. Nore 7—The percent loss determined by this test method has no Xnown consistent relationship to the percent loss forthe same material ‘when {sted by Test Method (335, 11. Report 11.1 Report the following information: L111 Tdentification of the aggregate as to source, type, and nominal maximum size; 11.1.2 Grading designation from Table | used for the test; and 11.1.3 Loss by abrasion and impact of the sample ex- pressed to the nearest 1 % by mass. 12, Preeisi 12.1 For nominal 19.0.mm (4-in.) maximum size coarse aggregate with percent losses in the range of 10 to 45 %, the multilaboratory coefficient of variation has been found to be 4.5% Therefore, results of two properly conducted tests fiom two different laboratories on samples of the same coarse aggregates should not differ from each other by more than 12.7 %° of their average. The single-operator coefficient of variation has been found to be 2.0 %.* Therefore, results of two properly conducted tests by the same operator on the same coarse aggregate should not differ from each other by more than 5.7 % of their average 12.2 Bias—Since there is no accepted reference material suitable for determining the bias for this procedure, no statement on bias is being mado. on and Bias 13, Keywords 13.1 abrasion; aggregate (course, small size); degradation; impact; Los Angeles machine 2 These numbers represent, spectively, the (18%) and (D28%) limits as eseribel in Practioe C670370 METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING THF 4) c1a1 APPENDIX (Nonmandatory Information} XI. MAINTENANCE OF SHELF X11 The shelf of the Les Angeles machine is subject to severe surface wear and impact, With use, the working sur- face of the shelf is peened by the balls and tends to develop a ridge of metal parallel to and about 32 mm (1% in.) from the. junction of the shelf and the inner surface of the cylinder. If the shelf is made from a section of rolled angle, not only may this ridge develop but the shelf itself may be bent longitudi- nally of transversely from its proper position. ‘X12 The shelf should be inspected periodically to deter- The Amrican Soviet tor Testing and Matar takes ‘wnt any em mented in this standard. Users of hs mine that it is not bent either lengthwise or from its radial position with respect to the cylinder. If either tion is found, the shelf should be repaired or replaced tly further tests are made. The influence on the test resultof Tidge developed by peening of the working face of the se not known. However, for uniform test condition, recommended that the ridge be ground off if its he exceeds 2 mm (0.1 in.) positon respecting the valdty of any aatnt igh assert in eonneston 00 aro expressly advise that dotrmnation ef the val 0 any such ‘alone hts, and te rsk of intringoroar of such hs, ara ently Wor own respontlolty. ‘This standard is etjoot fo revision at any tina bythe sponsible feshnicel comnts ene mest be reviewed every tivo yous end Inet revised, etnerreappvowad or withtew. Your cammants aro ived ether for revision of hls standerd oy or ecdhorol erdieee tid should bo adarassed fo ASTM Headquarters, Your comments wil recelve carat! considoraon st e moat ofthe response {wctiical commits which you may ater, # you fel that your comments have not received «Tar hewring ou should mato yout ‘ows known fo the ASTM Commition on Streierés, 100 Bar Harbor Drive, West Canshohcker, PA TOt2e