. Every known element has (a) the same type of atoms —_(b) the same number of atoms (©) aunique type of atom —_(d) several different types of atoms An atom consists of (a) one nucleus and only one electron _(b) one nucleus and one or more electrons (©) protons, electrons, and neutrons (i) answers (b) and (c) The nucleus of an atom is made up of (@) protons and neutrons (b) clectrons (©) clectrons and protons (d) electrons and neutrons Valence electrons are (a) inthe closest orbit to the nucleus (b) in the most distant orbit from the nucleus: (c) in various orbits around the nucleus (d) not associated with a particular atom A positive ion is formed when (@) avalence electron breaks away from the atom (b) there are more holes than electrons in the outer orbit (©) two atoms bond together (@) an atom gains an extra valence clectron The most widely used semiconductive material in electronic devices is (a) germanium (b) carbon (c) copper (d) silicon ‘The difference between an insulator and a semiconductor is (a) awider energy gap between the valence band and the conduction band (b) the number of free electrons (c) the atomic structure: (@) answers (a), (b), and (c) ‘The energy band in which free electrons exist is the (a) first band (b) second band (@) conduction band (d) valence band9 Ina semiconductor crystal, the atoms are held together by (a) the interaction of valence electrons _(b) forces of attraction (e) covalent bonds (@) answers (a), (b), and (c) 10. The atomic number of silicon is @8 2 @W4 is 11. The atomic number of germanium is fa) 8b) 2 4 32 12, The valence shell in a silicon atom has the number designation of @ 0 m1 @2 @3 13. Fach atom in a silicon crystal has (a) four valence clectrons (b) four conduction electrons (c) eight valence electrons, four of its own and four shared (d) no valence electrons because all are shared with other atoms 14, Electron-hole pairs are produced by (a) recombination (b) thermal energy —_(c) ionization (d) doping 15. Recombination is when @) an clectron falls into a hole (b) a positive and a negative ion bond together (¢) a valence electron becomes a conduction electron (d) acrystal is formed 16. The current in a semiconductor is produced by (a) electrons only (b) holes only (©) negative ions (@) hoth electrons and holes17. Inan invinsic semiconductor, (a) there are no free electrons (b) the free electrons are thermally produced (c) there are only holes (d) there are as many electrons as there are holes (@) answers (b) and (4) 18. The process of adding an impurity to an intrinsic semiconductor is called (@) doping —(b) recombination _(¢) atomic modification _(d) ionization 19, A trivalent impurity is added (o silicon to create (a) germanium (B) a p-type semiconductor (©) an n-type semiconductor (d) a depletion region 20. The purpose of a pentavalent impurity is to (a) reduce the conductivity of silicon (b) increase the number of holes (© increase the number of free electrons (d) create minority carriers 21. The majority carriers in an n-type semiconductor are (a) holes (b) valence electrons (@)) conduction electrons ___(d) protons 22, Holes in an n-type semiconductor are (@) minority carriers that are thermally produced (b) minority carriers that are produced by doping (c) majority carriers that are thermally produced (d)_ majority carriers that are produced by doping 23. A pn junction is formed by (a) the recombination of electrons and holes. (b) ionization (©) the boundary of a p-type and an n-type material (d) the collision of a proton and a neutron 24, The depletion region is created by (a) ionization (b) diffusion _(c) recombination _(@)) answers (a), (b), and (c) 25. The depletion region consists of (a) nothing but minority carriers (b) positive and negative ions (©) no majority carriers (@) answers (b) and (©)1. The term bias means (a) the ratio of majority carriers to minority carriers (b) the amount of current across a diode (@) ade voltage is applied to control the operation of a device (A) neither (a), (b), nor (€) 2. To forward-bias a diode, (a) an external voltage is applicd that is positive at the anode and negative at the cathode (b) an external voltage is applied that is negative at the anode and positive at the cathode (c) an external voltage is applied that is positive at the p region and negative at the # region @) answers (a) and (c) 3. When a diode is forward-biased, (a) the only curreat is hole current (b) the only current is electron current (e) the only current is produced by majority carriers (@) the current is produced by both holes and electrons 4. Although current is blocked in reverse bias, (a) there is some current due to majority carriers (B) there is a very small current due to minority carriers (ec) there is an avalanche current 5. Fora silicon diode, the value of the forward-bias voltage typically (a) must be greater than 0.3 V (6) must be greater than 0.7 V (c) depends on the width of the depletion region (a) depends on the concentration of majority carriers 6. When forward-biased, a diode (a) blocks current (B) conducts current (c) has ahigh resistance (d)_drops a large voltage10. A diode is normally operated in (a) reverse breakdown (b) the forward-bias region (c) the reverse-bias region (@) either (b) or () ‘The dynamic resistance can be important when a diode is (a) reverse-biased (B) forward-biased (c) in reverse breakdown (d) unbiased ‘The V-I curve for a diode shows @) the voltage across the diode for a given current (b) the amount of current for a given bias voltage (c) the power dissipation (d) none of these Ideally, a diode can be represented by a () voltage source (b) resistance (c) switch _(d) allof thesei. 2. 13. ua. 16. 17. 19. In the practical diode model, (@) the barrier potential is taken into account (b) the forward dynamic resistance is taken into account (©) none of these (a) both (a) and () In the complete diode model, (a) the barrier potential is taken into account (b) the forward dynamic resistance is taken into account (©) the reverse resistance is taken into account @) all of these The average value of a half wave rectified voltage with a peak value of 200 V is, @O7V (by 1272V ( 141V OV When a 60 Hz sinusoidal voltage is applied to the input of a half-wave rectifier, the output fre- queney is (a) 200Hz (by 30Hz- (@)OOHz = (d) OH The peak value of the input to a half-wave rectifier is 10 V. The approximate peak value of the output is (a) 10V hy) 3.18V @) 10.7V a 93V For the circuit in Question 15, the diode must be able to withstand a(feverse Voltage of @ WV SV) 2V @) 318V ‘The average value of a full-wave rectified voltage with a peak value of 75 V is, (a) 53V ()478V |) 37SV Wd) BEV When a 60) Hz sinusoidal voltage is applied to the input of a full-wave rectiic quency is (@) 120Hz —(b) 60Hz —(e) 40H (a) OH The total secondary voltage in a center-tapped full-wave rectifier is 125 V rms, Neglecting the diode drop, the rms output voltage is (a) 25V () 177V_@ 100.) 62.5 the output fre20. When the peak output voltage is 100 V, the PIY for each diode in a centertapped full-wave rectifier is (neglecting the diode drop) (a) 100V (b) 200 V (c) M1V (d) 50V 21. When the rms output voltage of a bridge full-wave rectifier is 20 V, the peak inverse voltage across the diodes is (neglecting the diode drop) (a) 20V (by 40V_—(e) 283V—(d) 56.6V 22, The ideal de output voltage of a capacitor-input filter is equal to (Gi) the peak value of the rectified voltage (b) the average value of the rectified voltage (e) the rms value of the rectified voltage 28. A 10 V peak-to-peak sinusoidal voltage is applied across a silicon diode and series resistor. The maximum voltage across the diode is (a) 93V (b) 5V. @07V (d) 10V (e) 43V (29. Ina certain biased limiter, the bias voltage is 5 V and the input is a 10 V peak sine wave. If the positive terminal of the bias voltage is connected to the cathode of the diode, the maximum ‘Voltage at the anode is (a) 1OV (b) SV fe) 5.7V (d) 07V 30, Ina certain positive clamper circuit, a 120 V rms sine wave is applied to the input. The de value of the output is fa) 1193V (b) 169.V (c) 60V (d) 756V 1. The cathode of a zener diode in a voltage regulator is formally (a) more positive than the anode (b) more negative than the anode (c) at +0.7V (d) grounded2. Ifa certain zener diode has a zener voltage of 3.6 Y, it operates in (a) regulated breakdown (BJ zener breakdown (©) forward conduction (@) avalanche breakdown 3. Fora certain 12 V zener diode, a 10 mA change in zener current produces a 0.1 V change in zener voltage. The zener impedance for this current range is, @) 10 (b) 1000 i 100 id) 010 4. The datasheet for a particular zener gives Vz = 10 V at Iz = 500 mA. Zz for these conditions is. @) 300 @) 200 (©) 100 (d) unknown 5. A no-load condition means that (a) the load has infinite resistance: (b) the load has zero resistance (©) the output terminals are open @) answers(a) and (c) 6. A varactor diode exhibits @) a variable capacitance that depends on reverse voltage (b) a variable resistance that depends on reverse voltage: (©) a variable capacitance that depends on forward current (@) aconstant capacitance over a range of reverse voltages 7. An LED (b) senyes light when reverse-biased (d) acts as a variable resistance 8 Compared to a visible red LED, an infrared LED (a) produces light with shorter wavelengths (hb) produces light of all wavelengths (©) produces only one color of light (@) produces light with longer wavelengths 12. The intemal resistance of a photodiode (a) increases with light intensity when reverse-biased (b) decreases with light intensity when reverse-biased (©) increases with light intensity when forward-biased (d) decreases with light intensity when forward-biased1, The three terminals of a bipolar junction transistor are called (a) pnp (b) n.p.n — (e) input, output, ground), base, emitter, collector 2. Ina pap transistor, the p regions arc (a) base andemitter (hb) base and collector (@) emitter and collector 3. For operation as an amplifier, the hase of an npn transistor must be ive with respect to the emitter (b) negative with respect to the emitter ive with respect to the collector (d) OV 4. The emitter current is always (a) greater than the base current (b) less than the collector current (¢) greater than the collector eurent —_(@) answers (a) and (c) 5. The Bpc of a transistor is its @) current gain _(b) voltage gain (¢) power gain (d) internal resistance 6. If [cis 50 times larger than Ip, then Bye is (a) 0.02 (b) 100 @50_— a) 500 7. The approximate voltage across the forward-biased base-emitter junction of a silicon BJT is (a) OV @)O7V ©) 03V_— A) Yap 8. The bias condition for a transistor to be used as a lincar amplifier is called (@) Forward-reverse —(b) forward-forward —(¢) reverse-reverse (A) collector bias 9. Ifthe output of a transistor amplificr is 5 V rms and the input is 100 mV rms, the voltage gain is (a) 5 (hy 500 @50 a) 100 < used in relation to a tra 10, When a lowercase r’ i, it refers to (a) alow resistance () a wire resistance () animernal ac resistance (@) a source resistanceIn a given transistor amplifier, Ro = 22k and r, = 20.0, the voltage gain is (a) 22 (BY 110 () 20 (ad) 44 12. When operated in cutoff and saturation, the transistor acts like a (a) linear amplifier (QB) switch —_(e) variable capacitor (A) variable resistor 13. In cutoff, Vog is (a) OV (b) minimum (©) maximum (d) equal to Voc —_(€) answers (a) and (b) —_(B) answers (c) and (d) 14. In saturation, Veg: is (a) O7V—(b) cqualto Veo minimum — (d) maximum, 18, To saturate a BIT, (a) Ty = Teva) @) Ig > Ievxy!Bre (c) Voc must be at least 10 (d) the emitter must be grounded 16, Once in saturation, a further inerease in base current will (a) cause the collector current to increase _(b) not affect the collector current (c) cause the collector current to decrease (d) turn the transistor off1. The maximum valve of collector current in a biased transistor is @) Bycly WB) Fea) (©) grvaterthan ty @) I~ Ig 2, Ideally, ade load line is straight Line drawn on the collector characteristic curves between (2) the @-point and cutoi —(b) the O-point and saturation © Veweuom ad jay (A Ty = Oand ly = Fe/Bxe 3. Ifa sinuscidl voltage is applied to the base of a biased npn transistor and the resulting sina ‘soidal collector voliage is clipped near zero volts, the transistor is (a) being driven into saturation _(b) being driven into cutoff (©) operating nonlinearly {@) answers (a) and (©) (6) answers (b) and (c) 4. The input resistance at the hase ofa biased transistor depends mainly on @) Poo WYRg ©) Red) Apcand Ry 5. Ina voltage-divider biased transistor circuit such asin Figure 5-13, Ryyaase) can generally be neglected in calculations when (a) Rixcoasty > Reb) Re > WORiswasey — ( Risvnasey > WOR: (A) Ry << Ro 6. Inacettain vollage-divider biased npn transistor, Vp is 2.95 V. The de emitter voltage is ap- ‘proximately @225V (b)295V (@) 365V OTV 7. Noltage-divider bias (@ cannot be independent of Bye tb) can be essentially independeat of Bye (©) is not widely used (€) requires fewer components than al the other methods 8. Emitter bias is (a) essentially independent of Bye (b)_ very dependent on Bye (©) provides a stable bias point (@) answers (a) and (©) 9. In.an emitter bias circuit, Rr. = 2.7 KO and Vig: = 15 V. The emitter current (@) isS3mA — b) is27mA (©) is 180mA —@) cannot be determined 10, The disadvantage of hase bias is that (a) itis very complex (b) it produces tow gain (© itistoo beta dependent (4) it produces high leakage current A, Collector-feedback bias i (a) based on the principle of positive feedback (b) based on beta multiplication (© based on the principle of negative feedback (dot very stable 3. Ifthe de emitter current in a certain transistor amplifier is 3 mA, the approximate value of 12 is, fa) 3k2 —(b) 3 | 8IBSN_—d) 0.330 4. A certain common-emitter amplifier has a voltage gain of 100. Ifthe emitter bypass capacitor is removed, {a) the circuit will become unstable (BJ the voltage gain (©) the voltage gain will increase (4) the Q-point will shift ill decrease9. For a common-collector amplifier, Rr = 100 2,72 = 10 Q,and Bac = 150. The ac input resistance at the hase is (@ 15000 (b) 15kO ( 100 (d) 165k0 10, Ifa 10 mV signal is applied to the base of the emitter-follower circuit in Question 9, the output signal is approximately (a) 100 mV (b) 150 mV. @15V @ 10mv LL. In acertain emitter-follower circuit, the current gain is 50. The power gain is approximately (a) 504, (B) 50 on (a) answers (a) and (b) 12, Ina Darlington pair configuration, each transistor has an ac beta of 125. If Ry is 560.0, the input resistance is (a) 56002 by) 7042 (©) 8.75MQ) (d) 140kO 13. The input resistance of a common-base ampl (a) very low @) very high ier is (©) the same as a CE (A) the same as a CC 1, An integrated circuit (IC) op-amp has (a) two inputs and two outputs (b) one input and one output (© two inputs and one output 2. Which of the following characteristics does not necessarily apply to an op-amp? (a) High gain (B) Low power (c) High input impedance (d) Low output impedance 3. A differential amplifier (a) is part of an op-amp —_(b) has one input and one output (c) has two outputs (d) answers (a) and (c) 4, When an op-amp is operated in the single-ended differential mode, (a) the output is grounded (B) one input is grounded and a signal is applied to the other (c) both inputs are connected together (a) the output is not inverted 5. Inthe double-ended differential mode, (@) a signal is applied between the two inputs (b) the gain is 1 (©) the outputs are different amplitudes (@) only one supply voltage is used 6, Inthe common mode, (a) both inputs are grounded (b) the outputs are connected together (© an identical signal appears on both inputs (d) the output signals are in-phase14. The use of negative feedback (a) reduces the voltage gain of an op-amp —(b) makes the op-amp oscillate (©) makes linear operation possible (@) answers (a) and (©) 14. The usc of negative feedback (a) reduces the voltage gain of an op-amp — (b) makes the op-amp oscillate (©) makes linear operation possible (@) answers (a) and (©) 15, Foran op-amp with negative feedback, the output is, (a) equal to the input (b) increased (© fed back to the inverting input (@) fed back to the noninverting input 16. A certain noninverting amplifier has an R; of 1.0 kQ and an Ryof 100k. The closed-loop gain is (a) 100,000 (b) 1000 (@) 101 (a) 100 17. Ifthe feedback resistor in Question 16 is open, the voltage gain (a) increases (B) decreases __(¢) ismotaffected _(d) depends on R; 18. A ces sting amplifier has a closed-loop gain of 25. The op-amp has an open-loop gain of 100,000. If another op-amp with an open-loop gain of 200,000 is substituted in the configu- ration, the closed-loop gain (a) doubles (b) drops to 12.5 (¢) remains at 25 (d) increases slightly 19. A voltage follower (a) has a gain of 1 (b) is noninverting (€) has no feedback resistor (@) has all of these 20, Negative feedback (a) increases the input and output impedances (b) increases the input impedance and the bandwidth (©) decreases the output impedance and the bandwidth (d) docs not affect impedances or bandwidth 8. A summing amplifier can have (a) only one input (b) only two inputs (@) any number of inputs10. i. 12. 1B. 14. 16. 17. If the voltage gain for each input of a summing amplifier with a 4.7 k{) feedback resistor is, unity, the input resistors must have a value of (a) 4.7kQ (B) 4.7kQ divided by the number of inputs (©) 4.7kQ times the number of inputs An averaging amplifier has five inputs, The ratio R//R; must be @5 (02 1 In a scaling adder, the input resistors are (a) all the same value (b) all of different values (©) each proportional to the weight of its input (d) related by a factor of two In an idcal integrator, the feedback clement is a (a) resistor (B) capacitor (©) zener diode —_(d) voltage divider For a step input, the output of an integrator is (a) apulse — (b) atriangular waveform — (c) a spike (d) aramp The rate of change of an integrator's output voltage in response to a step input is set by (a) the RCtime constant (b) the amplitude of the step input (c) the current through the capacitor ((d)/alllof these In a differentiator, the feedback clement is a G) resisior (hb) capacitor (©) zener diode (A) voltage divider ‘The output of a differentiator is proportional to (a) the RC time constant (b) the rate at which the input is changing (©) the amplitude of the input (@)) answers (a) and (b) When you apply a triangular waveform to the input of a differentiator, the output is (a) ade level (b) an inverted triangular waveform, (©) asquare waveform —_(d) the first harmonic of the triangular waveformChoose the MOST APPROPRIATE answer fur the following statements. You may choos@SKHD) if at ansvers (A,B,C and D) are corrector 00s QRH ne oF the ses fits Please write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET ONLY An the designated u ‘Example: if the choice for question 200 20. O@DOODOHO ALI ng questions part 2: Power: wer shest, mark your choice ®, ©, ©, ©, © or@) in front of the question number. then your answer sheet should look like this L. Toconvert ac input power taAGEISTRRGUREIAE output power, iis recommended to wse ‘a chopper b, reefer fe inverter 4 chonpee b, eciis @ inverer 4 shopper b, rectifier inverter u 4. The titd phase inthe power eleetronies history started withthe invention of the diode @® weicst the thyristor a A thyristor start to eonduet when Vax>Oandlo>0 b. Vax>Oandig=0 & Vax0 A diode is tumed off when, va o ® va0 4 re @> The holding current is the maximuin thytistor b, the emtximum gate (@ the minimum 4 current courent thyristor curren to stay on In power diodes, both ON and OF both ON and OFF states e, the ONstatecan bed, states can be controlled can't be controlled ‘only controlled {In power thyristors, beth ON and OFF b, both ONand OFF states @ the ONstatecanbe d, siaies canbe can't be comirolled ‘only controlled controlled ‘The ouput vaweform shown in Fig. represents to the ouput voltage of a ‘Ac voltage controller To convert de input power to variable frequeney ae output power, it is recommended to use ‘Ac voltage controller To convert de input power to variable magnitude Ue output power itis recommended t0 use Ac vollage controller both b and e Vae=Oand lo=0 Vox =O and fa>0 the minimum — gate current t9 turn on the thyristor the OFF state can be only controlled the OFF state can be ‘only controlledn i 18, Single-phase HW b, Single-phase HW —c,Single-phase FW @)_ Single-phase FW uncontrolled rectifier controlled rectifier -—_uneonrolled rectifier controlled rectifier “The ouput waveform shown in Fg comespondsto Areisivelond, GB Alay Indotve ead e. Acapacitve load d, A nonlinear load “The average output voltage (V+) of single phase full wave controlled bridge rectifier connected to an R-L load as a function of the fring angle a is given by Vn @ wv, eosa * 7 Win bY, Ba tesa Ba -cose) Pecos . Assuming a constant load current in Q.12, the inverter mode of operation is possible when a ano not applicable 120° «. ‘Assuming a constant load curent in Q.12 the reetifiee mode of operation is posibie wien not applicable b. a= 120" @ os a 0-0" 1 Q.12, the uncontrolled mode of operation is possible when not applicable b. a= 120° a= 50° @ o-w A singlephate fllowave bridge contlld cto de converte is supplied from 220, SO source wth an input power factor of 0819ig. The lad consists oF R=200 and a lage ductanse. The rng angle equals 2 30° 3 a. 40° For the same converter in Q.16, the average output current equals 811A be L1BA e TIA a. 117A For the same converter in Q.16, the load is considered to Absorb power from the b. Supplies power to the ¢ Bothaandb — a, _Ttdepends on the value source souree of the load inductance19, ‘The converter shown in Fig. 2 is rectifier b. ac voltage controller (@)) inverter Both bande Inthe converter shown in Fig. 2, to achieve ¥:=Vic it is required to tum on Syand Ss b. S;andS; (© syands; a, Ssand Si Inthe converter shown in Fig, 2, to achieve V= sits required to turn on Syand Sy b. Sjand Sy fe. Srand Ss @ srands, Inthe converter shown in Fig.2, to achieve j= DV it is required to turn on Si and Sy @® saas, e. Sand Sy d. Ssand S, In the converter shown in Fig. 2, for a proper operation, the load impedance should be*R 2. 28, 2, a 30. a Resistive load b. Inductive toad RL Toad 4. Th depends on the switching sequence In the switching cll an inverter with an RL Joad and compared toa loa, we observe Smoother output Bl) Smoather oupet c. Square wave for both tho d. Both aand b voltage waveform current waveform output voltage and current A.VSC is operated ftom a two-butery ceubination with E = 100 V. It supplies an RL load with R= 10.8 and L ~ 0.025 H. For the square-wave operation witha frequency of 50 He, the fundamental component of the output voltage (RMS) equals wo07aVv @ sox « @2011V 4. 8.051 For the same problem given in Q.25, the fundamental load curren: (RMS) equals 8260 @ 7080 368A a. 584A, For the same problem givert in Q.25, the fundamental load current angle equals 38.146° b. 38.146" =51.378° a. 51.378 For the same problem given in 0.28, the third harmonic of the output voltage (RMS) equals 234V ‘2001 267 a 7768 For the sane problem given in Q.28, the tied harmonic load ewzent (RMS) equals 2A be 32K © ATA a ssn @ For the same problem given in Q, 28, the third harmonic load current angle equals =18.146° b. 181g 21.378 a 2s @ The oufpa waveform shown in Fig. 3 represen the ouput volaue of a Single-phase HW b,Single-phase FW @) Single phase AC voltage d. Single-phase bridge conttolled rectifier eonttolled reetifier controller inverer For the same waveform shown in Fig. 3, the control method used to control the RMS autput voltage is, Phase control b. ONOFF contre! —e, _Integral control a, Botha and b the same waveform shown in Fig. 3, the RMS output vollage equals utes) oe hate & ewe a For the same waveform shown in Fig.3, ifthe supply voltage is |20V while the firing angle = 907, the rms ‘output voltage is 7485V i B485v & 9489V a. 1202 e 4 5 6. a 10. tt. ‘The output waveform shown in Fig. 1 represents the output, voltage of ‘4. Single-phase HW controlled rectifier >. Single-phase FW contrlled rectifier c. Single-phase bridge inverter . @ Singie-phose converter thet can be employed by a Fig ‘TRIAC For the same waveccem shown in Fig. 1 the control method used to control the RMS output voltage 5 Phase control b. ON/OFF control Integral eyele control d. Bothaandb The output waveform shown in Fig. 2 Gop lee Pt EP a represents the output voltage of an ae voltage = controller with Aresisivelosd &. Ahighly inductive load (@) An Rol load A nonlinear lod In the converter showa in Fi, fe is quel to zero when Bs (rte) bd fm (rea (& b> (era) d. Both bande Inthe converter shown in Fig. ifr is equal to zero, special consideretions should be implemented in the ‘ure design such as Increase @ b. Decrease y (©) Uccatminotpuses d, Bothamde The integral eycle control method can be used for high meshoriel be Heaingloads Large time consam 4, Botbande @ inertia applications applications IfKis the duty cycle, the RMS output voltage of an AC voltage control fed from a single phase supply, Vy, using integral control method equals In Integral cycle control ac voltage controllers, ifthe input fs connected to the load for two cycles and diseonected for 6 cycles then the cup ms voltage e8 funtion ofthe surly vole Is Ver Vid be Vom M4 () Vom Vs/2 a Vs Increasing K’ in Q.7 results in ve Dowening titan () lseoasig both the e, ereing te oupat a, Derening the ont vida output voltage and output voltage and voltage and decreasing voltage and Increasing power factor power factor the power factor the power factor ‘The suitable converter for an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) application is, ee ble Giome 4 Acvolage como To obtain a sinusoidal inverter output eurent, the best contrel technique is Phase control b.- PWM control (@) SPWM control Integral control2 waren cate 30 ma ee ee 1 inductive load then SH tp; 2 eS Fig. 3a (Cireuit 1) ‘Fig. 3b (Cirreuit 2) . Bobeteutscanbe Ceaitemastie GD Crelt2 taste dk Bodh of hem comet aad tad med feel 13. Inthe converter shown in Fig; 3a, for a proper operation, the load impedance should be fe Ressiveload be tnhedvebed eRe loed dit depends on te @ swhiching sequence 14, Inthe converter shown in Fig. 3b, fora proper operation, the load impedance should be @ Resistive load ». Inductive osd «Reb. load 4. It depends on the switching sequence 15, Forthe circuit given in Fig. 3a and forthe siven transistors numbering, to obtain a square voltage output then the fring sequence ofthe transistors should be ‘a (Qi and Q) then (Qs (BP (Qi end Qs) then ec, (QuandQa)then(Q; d. All transistors ore and Qo) (Qs and Q4) and Q)) turned ON then OFF 16, The inverter output voltage under square weve operation contains a large amount of harmonics. True b= © False a Under the SPWM control, Une square wave operation can be achieved whea the modulation index is a Lessthan 1 be Targerthan | (@ Much largerthan 1d Not applicable 18. Under the SPWM control the preired mode of operations when the modulaon inde i @ estat B Largertian |e Muchlorgerthant—d,Notapllable“9. Fora single phase bridge inverter, the load is a resistive load of 1092 and the de input voltage of 100V, the % RMS output voltage for the fundamertal component equals » 30v » 45v OV @ wv! 2h. Forth sue problem given in 19, the pak caret per sth equats = 2A ok = aa @ 21. For the same problem given in Q.19, the average current per switch equals asa B 38k < 38a 4 1A @ 2 Fortean ese whos to 85th sue pareregly a 200 t. 00W" © a00W 2 sw @ 2, “Forth same problem given in Q19, the hed hemor pesk cut olage aun a 17.22V b. 19.22V « 21.22V a B2w@® For the same problem given in Q.19, the fifth harmonie peak output voltage equals A orn ane 10a. a pav@® 25, The output waveform shown in Fig. 4 represents tothe output voliage ofa or Figg a. Single-phase (BY) Single-phase Single-phase FW Single-phase FW HW uncontrolled HW conwolled vaconsroked rectifier controlled restfler rectifier rectifier 26, The output waveform shown in Fig. 4 corresponds to a Ansitive = @ Atiohyinducive — e. Acapuchiveload «== d._Aodiinarload load load 27, “The angle shown in Fig d coresponds to a. Firingangle —_b. Power fecrorangle ) Extinction angle @. Impedance angle 28, The average output voltage (Vs) ofa single phaes fll wav> enntelled bridge rectifier connected to an ReL load fneton af tha frag one ven by a le bln ea Mn a Mey Ya teore tea —eee) "cosa Seare e 29, Assuming a consent lad out in Q28, the lon cen spl clare powsr when te notepplictte GB am 140" ean 30" 530, Assuming a consant aed eureat in 28, the oad cen bp elec power when .potapplletle be a= 140" © on an 31. InQ38, the uxcontolled mode of operation is posse when a moteppieate bh w= 140" e a=30° @ or 32, Ifthe conver in 028i supplied fom 220V, SMe suze ad has fring ale of 30" The averege ouput voltage eal ° a atv booty e. 8sa1v 4 nev 33. For the me converter in 0.32. the Input pover fico eu & 0866Ieaa b. O85 lead ©) 0866 ng 4 0515 34. The uiablesonvener for de motor contol is chorper eile tnvener @ Ae voles contoter ‘35. The converter shown in Fig. 5 +47 aah past G@ tes maximum ouput vege x day oye Tr ‘bisa Buck converter ” 5 . & isaDC voltage step down converter wr 5 - a d. Both bande . Fie.5 36. A buck converter bas an input voltage of 1OOV and ouput volngs of25V. The dy ejle equals a 0s b. 05 «065 a4 e 37. For the converter in Q.36, ifthe output current is equal to 0.5A, then the ipput current equals 0.1250 b. 0254 1254, a 15a3B, Inthe converter shown in 0.36 the current is discontinuous, To obtain continuous current 2 Desrease 2 Increase R Desa 39, For the converter in 036, the output voltage varies exponentially with the dty a b. Tne (@ Fale 40, Inthe pulse fequency modulation, the on prod Iskept constr wile the total period ls changed es @ tm es a. Fale 41, A boost convener has en input voltage of 100V and ty eyee of 05. The ouput voltage equals e 2 120 b uOv «. 150V 4. 180v 42. A buck-boost converter operating at duty cyele of 0.75 would @ step the voltage up step the voltage down ¢, notaflect the voltage, — ‘In buck boost converter the supply is diretly connected to the oad ime me e @ tise 44, In buck boost converter the energy is stored in the: inductor when fheswitthisclsed b= theswith sopened a. ~ {5 To sone rt ove QI et oes remand oe a. chopper b ner invorter @ Acvoltage controtier 46, To convert ac input power to de output power It's recommended o use a chopper ® reais inverter 4 Acvotuge controller 447. To convert de input power to variable mageitae de output power, tis recommended to use GR chopper b, rectifier . invener 4. Acvottage controller 48, ‘The first phase in the power electronics history started with the invention of the diods be the IGBT © the MOSFET 4 both aande SCRisa 2. Small Curent b. Series Cormected @ Series Contotled ——(@)Thyristor Resistor Resistor Resor 50, The Thyristor siaits to eonduct current when a Vac>Oandlo=0 b, VaxOandIg>0 de Vax0 $1, A diode is tumed off wh 2. Vuc>0 Veco e Var0—d. Vae=Oandlo>0 2, The holding eumert is a the maximum b, the maximum gae (@) theminimum thyristor d. the minimum gate thystor current carrent eureatto stay on curront to tum on the thyristor $3, Taeconnuatn rocoto th proc faring Be ty a = b, Tre * e False 54, Inorder totum om the thyristor, we can use 2. Lightactivaon —-b. Gate current &.Highjanston & Bohandb @ temperatue 5: Asi th md tt a arr meng in ahs QU et to mc rs b Tne a False