BTIOIO P Mang @ Bioemengy* MEISBI6a 0) °) cuhole food wel cwoeight a5 bons whole food cop drwy weight [a-5 tons Grain doy Loeigh : 6.a5 tons Non - 9° iain doy weight =: 6as tons Grains Cony) = 65% Stanch ( CéeHia%5)n Nonnlorato Cony 40%. Cellulose Clg Hira 05 )n mn )- a5 ‘v%e ~Y4an 207» Signin Se obhen IQ: From graims Storch | (Ce H1R 05 Jy F885 mn Ce Hin Of 1624 Igog 65% 6 QsxI@—» 4513 100 (4062:Sks) Ce Hinde yeast, QCRHZOH FACOR 1804 933 4513-84 Kg —D BST" oF Kg ethan od Actual conent “BU KG J aq i From mon- gains 3 cellulose => (6:85) 48 a to'x pee eked 180 = V\4IQs TS KG Xyhan inn O° xylon AW» xydase = d[Cs Hg OW), Cs Mods 1329 150 9 2) (6 a5) (85 ie 1s 1505. 96:67 i «9 Sco hsOW = Got-55a KG" so €76-679) + 5 CoqLignin doesn't produce ethanod p.mono} @ . E é da te erhanod = a-r0T0F LONS per ha-yen MEIS RIED 20) ethanol = 9. 3a7 aor EONS pen ha yy oh $0 ~a-307F + 2O%2 DA130Q 100 (Oo actual: 34747 tons of ethanol Demsity = ASTKQ = 3474-7 m> Vy Vie 494039 m? ve + 4403.9 Libes Vehicle- km travel = $2847 1483 Km penn hog Approx equal to the Capacity of ethanos Lignacellulose in neon Future - b) pwe Exeated Bio mass eee Cuohole Food )-cny v i - 1 Groin Non Grain Exctsachon, ae Filtwaly Stanch (14) Qa) aHory | myosio — oFhen Cellulose xylan Lignin vo io - 4 eras Hydrolysis en wy? Glucose Xylase Fenmen to Hor 7 J roi Eee Ethanodp monof? ©) Dilute Acid Prse Pleat ment PMEIZBICR a3 10n Anitial cellulose = 15 6aStOn jnitol yylan After poelneatment Qsy. cellulose 1S meletncd Retained cellulose = 4S %8 6 = 237s HON 100 -4Gs/ of |emzyMale hydrolys'> cholyge dl - om cellulose 2 AS x 1B0¥a3B1S 107) too 16Q = Q.507 TONS EFA ciency 50, Glucose hy Convension of efficiency of sugars fo ethanes is 7 So, ethanol cenmemted Prem glacos € = 92 y 9932-80) 2 a — = 1-assT tons Saccharomyces cerevisiae does not &amens xylose by dadlysect from xylan ) mol = lass? tons amount of aqg-etha pen hectone per oc So) Ammonia Penlneatment = = 4 xas= 2 45 toNS Retained cellulose 1$6aS = 140685 FONS retnined tM ='°So x 100 Glucose hydnolyged om cellulose = QS x 180 x2-45 Too fe _ = Q:586 EONS Ethanol fermented Fr e om ai = Glucose = Ww XK PAK AS8E 100 180 = 1a¢s tons Sacchanomyces cenevisia e@ does no xylose C hydrotyaed from janet = So, amount of AG- ethanol = 1-895 tons ee Pen heckane Pyp.mano| @ Given , Me I2BI62 Saponi Hcatton value of oi! | = 330 saponi FoaHon value of oi/a ~ 230 Syz 3x tooo x 56 ' Avg mw of grighycoided sé! 330 + B¥ 1000 * Avg) OW oF frighgcen td AVY mw of prighycenide fe gaa >3'? gimilanly fos old ZX 1000 ¥ sé). . A wot prighy cence) 220- vy™ Avg MW oF prygiyceniees fos 0112 7732 Avg MW of Farhy acids In oi! Ne SEs 33 acids 9 oil 2 = 71323 mw of fot wd p- degree TS psa bana oe SOmet2 e ~ mw of Satunated fatty acid ~ 14m +32 mw of fatty acid with (D>) = 140430 with D=D = 140428 mus of fatty acid of fatty acid with (i3) ~ 14nt2¢ mv n- Po: of SEEMS (CANON D mwist possible fatty acids dA g 10 12 14 16 (8 © 144 mm 200, 278 mist 224) a 142 11018 226 254 232 a 140 16S 196 224 252 296 3 13g «(166194 222-250 278 3 FO, ol | : the composition of fatty acids in drigly cenoids Cen 107% Ce:0 FD IS:27 7 1257 Clary D2 Cie: : Cig-0 > Od.p.mono (9 MEIZBIE 2 @) Hene ) Cho Is a Fathy ocd hoving bonds canbon atoms amd Pp double Pica) n Fo% biodiesel fyom ol2 5 He possi blé compos: of for ky acids. 19 brighycemd es ane Cla:0 - 707 Cie 2 ese a3 7: cei3 7 ST: Lene, We have neglected rhe presence of fotly acids: b) the chuctune and composition of inygiycenides 19 oil | one Hae — C90 lchade7 CHD ) I 39.81 °/ e—ooc — (chad — ONS vc 0c eHa)10 7 63 Hyc— 90C —(cHaV6 aoe aay, Heo — OO¢ 7 (cH Je7 cH “er joc — (cH 87 aa) ue 0 6- (cH2 BSNS we 006 CHa We CHS Usb 7 at- coc — KHa)E7 OMB uc ooc- (HIG EN \ 6 O27, He — ooc-(CH2 77 64 =cH—€ Hy 1565 \ — poe -CH ) — cH=cH (CHI), CH ac © (CHa) 2g~ CsTT EE ' prone ©) He- o0c - (C49 diy CH we= ooc ~ (eH, ) “os ( MEI LAD 1 16 > Oly Ho OOC — (ctl, Jg- chs fhe — oo¢ —Cens)4 cn = cH (c Hy), 613 4 oct —Cc H2)2 7 Cla, casi| } / as ye = ooc— ua), - CI ac — - ae ooc HD y- cH ect (cha }g- CHS The Stwuctone ond composiHon Of twighycenider in oi! 2 ane HC— coc CHD CHS 1 ai ne - 00cm (cH2)2 — 693 i wg - poe Cera 7 CH = CHR TT (Hale } ery 7 HC ooc —(ehiy~ CS 7 i — (cH) a) | oc ar you we ° 4 cHscn a = cH ACH pT = nL oc “eva (ria )y 1_\ x Cends\ 1 \ on \ i | on ) "I ens We- 00 ¢ — (ebay 61> \ ad— oc GMa ys 6" sv. \ ee we — poe = CHa CHET \ Ch \ chsp mono QM Hyco ~ OOC- EHV — C3 \ ; A) pak eRIer es oOoCc - (cH )n 7 cls Wyo > ooc—(cth dn 7 cttls c) dy Avg chain size oF Fatty acids oil 1 1S lower tram oil 2 Unsatuna Hon ot folly bom ivy Degree of acids IN oil 2 oil | vu soil ah has better gta bility +0 oxide ran oil 2 as its de en thon oil 2 enences make the bio diesels amd different 1S epee of - {on onsaturraton (So these diff produced from oil! a ho mogene oes use Foy oil2 ) FO% pil 12> catalyst pase Cxolr UcaHon jE d) d Vike oO Jy can be ig SECO mmended to like TI02 > AXONS este! uu ) FoY oil 25 use he Feng eneoU TiOz- zno- 5 catalyst mgo OY ®p monoy (2) Me IRIE 2 o re) Flow chant collecton of Riceshra) Chanackenization of wice Stave, fresh 60/7 phase | clung, and dligesed cou dung /' : SelecHion of efficient inoculum © [a wv | | Enhancement of methane yreld } | prove? a CO- DigesHon Pretreatment c > preove3 4 CO subsinate co-substwate == Y preheatment ~ Hyalnilla -Food study: yanticillates COaste U . = J : U opt mizahon of Bmp study pene best condi Hons [erepanionent with GE SIN | J V BMP Study | Selector of co -subshahe Fbesigned fabsi cation of subscale |g | CONHNOUS. *« eacho ¥ | Operation of Sub Scale Contineus seactoY pioly mMethame yiel d:P.meono} @) ‘i Mee B1e2 & J vanious proces in Fluemcing e FH clema of anaenobic DigesHon poriamely tox Impos tomd oc eM”), temmpenatune suivel of MicxoPes in AD py below 3 temp range (Lore , off H™e rsanges have diff eS PH amd But fen capacity O 20-45, $s-19 > advan tase © operating pH dixectly attecks AD progney curd the intenme diate produchs pH Ces -14) Grow h wate is Signifcamt ly intluened by pH change & OLR-~ amount of vole Biogas psroducHon saHo ad was found fo wise tile matten fed into AD ig a& tO OLR ui th yeducins And yiel OLR: Microbiad 19 biHoN occuned duning OLR Causes Hy dnoly sis @ — Accelerator’ Addition of accelenatos in AD incveases eSisable CondiHons Sunface anea and a Coc phe adsospHon Of micsobes sUPS HG He ( cin_xatHo _ Tt shovld be opted canbon +o Nnibio seveals nubient levels of aligesHue psocers Phus syslem iS) Semsitive +0 CIN *waHo-(00) AD Pmonoj fab i Flow diagram ME!2, BIC) comple Bio polyme canbohydaalts, Eats Ct ydnolysis) Monomeny » SYINY? amino acid ~ Fathy acid esi Sy (acidog Trtenmediate propionic Butyyic ocid Crcetbgemisis) J ee > Acetate 12002 (methanog emisrsly wa BidgeslCit 4 osganic : = A cobsbrale 5 naevso bic. / pegriade 5) Bioger UD) stebitizatron oF biogas Production ®D pwetreatment of ice Stravd > The cigestibility Of wiceshsaw 1S mainly eFFected by He ligniA percentage , inten linkag € of cellulose and hemi- cellulose assocfaton In the shuckne etc ~) preeleatment method include 2 psacery SepanaHon OF Signin fhom skhnuckve out expose the west OF Median +o degrading emgym a to disxup Hon Be 51990 cetlulose matric into cellulose hemi cellurose Signum —> several = pretreatment method ane used fox accelonatin hydrolysis OF BacatciPeled agriculture Xesidues, 6 QZ) Anaenobic. > ocligeslron, prong "2 Benibits tA 1 BI6? ety EMbance proce Stabili zahon try gilvking Inbitowy — € F recs of xequived Mo In the “tty AFFadment c digesHon @4) Clasbridium Aceto butylicum fenrnemtc +0. butanol NnH20 C4 Hg OH Ce Hr Odn > Ce Hin 0% — 629 (809 449 Srosnch ~ Fox tq buranod init. Sfooch = K6LS = 4.0625 t0N5 iG@- butanod = 4.0625% gss7 tons 20H butanos '- stanch cellulose similan to 0-33 Modes butane! xylose —_ O- 83X14 = G6! 671q [| mole 1sog asyvi4 + 61as X25 x 150 x 6169 T62 1oO 132 1so Jg-7a_ EONS nm buranod - [1 97a tons |p.mono (2) @s) 6 = [c Motevt saHoSs ME 'ZB162 ethanol - °'S Bio diese - © 12 Butonod — 0:24 Dvop__in biofuel - Liquid mircthuxe oft different hydnocanborn eonctronallLy equivalent +o peroley™ fuels safrashru clone with cuwxemt boiling point ‘sang e pantiolly phat of gasoline: And end iS possible coi thout in Pra sero chne blendoabl € rca hon compat ble EHhanels ovenlaps with thene foxe bl Change in emging similanly piodiese! FS pantly voi th cliesel without emgine OHON ond hydnoceory9 pro fuels hove o%yyo? conrouming eour> Contorxylic) Oe ) ethen ec High oxygen con tent 1S highly ond it cecvea S$ eneng y¥ clemsi Hy lo Hon and fhydre d +o decrease of¢ phe eFfecHve modi Decan boxy | ema Hon conven Hen esixabl e Os rene Fox? » -de oxygen? Hon clecanboxy one Use molon orto and incyease hydno gem conient 10 the blo Hxek tyenogen 1S added +0 ‘wemove (mom An oxtennok Co)? as watn CH20 ) sounce