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    6 views20 pages

    Tam&webb

    Uploaded by

    Evgeny Shavelzon

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    ont COMRETATIONA, CS OT, 262-284 (1993) Dispersion-Relation-Preservin, for Computatio: g Finite Difference Schemes nal Acoustics (CuinistopHer K, W. Tas AND JAY C. Wena Department of Mathematis, Farida tote nivesty, Tallatasee, Frid 32906-3027 Received February 18, 992; revised September 14,1992 ‘Acoustics problems are governed by the linearized Euler equations. -Agcording to wave propaeation thoy, the nombe" of wave made and their wave propagation characteristic ae all encaded inthe dispersion relations of the goveraing equations. Thus ona is assured that the ‘merical solutions of 2 high order finite diference scheme wil have 0 amo numbor of wevo maces (namely. the acoustie, vortety ond ‘entropy waves), the abme wave propagation charactvsic (namely rondisporsive, nonlasipntive, and isotopic) and the same wave speeds as those ofthe solutions of the Euler equations i bth systems ‘of equations have the same isposion relations. Finite aiference ‘chames which have the some dispersion relations asthe exginl partial itferntal equations ae rete to a8 disperson-telaton: preserving (DAP) schemes. A way to eonstvct time marching DAP schemes by ‘optimizing the finite citference approximations ofthe space and time ervatves inthe wave nimber and frequency, proposed. The Stabitty ofthese sthemos is analyzed and 2 suffciem condition for umorical stability is established. A set of radiation ond outtlowe ‘boundary conditions comestibie with the DAP schemes is constucted Those conditions are derived trom the asymptotic soltions of the ‘governing equations. The asymptotic solutions are ound by the Use ‘0f Fourier-Laplecs vansforms and the method of stationary phase. [A sequenca of numerical simulations has been card out. These ‘Simulations ate designed 1 texte effectiveness of the ORP schemes {and the radiation ond outflow boundary conditions, The computed solutions agree very favorably withthe exact solutions. The relation boundary conditions perform satisfactorily causing litle acoustic, teflections. The outflow boundary conditions are found to be quite "wansporent 19 outgoing distbences even when the disturbances are ‘made up of 8 combination of acoustic, vortcty, and entropy waves, 1 183 Asse Ps INTRODUCTION ‘Most current computational uid dynamics (CFD) finite difference schemes are designed for the solution of time independent problems. In the formulation of these schemes the requirements of consistency and numerical stability are imposed. By invoking the Lax equivalence theorem the con- vergence of these schemes is then assured. The quality of CFD schemes is generally ranked by the order of (Taylor series) truncation, It is expected that a fourth-order scheme is better than a second-order scheme and so on, For time om-sima sen cy Copyright © 198) by Academic Pre. to ‘ni hts of eprosuction im ay form ror independent problems the above criteria are quite suficient. ‘Great progress has been made over the years in the applica- Lion of CFD methods to aerodynamies and aireraft design problems (see Refs. (1-9]). For time dependent problems, especially acoustics problems, a consistent, stable, and convergent high order scheme docs not guarantee a good quality numerical wave solution. A simple analysis of the linearized compressible Euler equations reveals that in a uniform mean flow the partial differential equations support three types of waves, namely, the acoustic, the entropy, and the vorticity waves. ‘The acoustic waves are isotropic, nondispersive, non- dissipative and propagate with the speed of sound. The entropy and vorticity waves afe_nondispersive, non- dissipative, and highly directional. They propagate (con- vected) in'the direction of the mean flow with the same speed as the flow. There is no guarantee in most of the popular CFD schemes that the finite difference equations support waves with these characteristics. In fact, many current CED codes are dispersive, anisotropic, and even highly dissipative (sometimes artificial dissipation terms are deliberately added to improve numerical stability, eg, Ret. (4]). Thus by using existing CFD codes for acoustics computations one is certain of obtaining a numerically stable solution but whether the solution (for finite Ax. 4y) adequately simulates the wave solution of the governing, partial differential equations is an open question. ‘The main objective of this paper is to present a new ‘optimized high order finite difference scheme which not only meets the usual conditions of consistency, stability, and hence convergence but also supports, in the case of small amplitude waves, wave solutions which have (as nearly as possible) the same characteristics as those of the linearized Euler equations. A second objective of this paper is to present a set of radiation and outflow boundary conditions ‘which are compatible with the proposed high order finite difference scheme, It is well known in wave propagation theory (eg, Whitham [10]) that the propagation characteristics ofthe ‘waves governed by a system of partial differential equations DRP-SCHEME FOR COMPUTATIONAL ACOUSTICS are encoded in the dispersion relation in the frequency and wave number space. The dispersion relation is a functional ‘elation between the angular frequency of the waves and the ‘wave numbers of the spatial variables. This relation is usually obtained by taking the space and time Fourier transforms of the governing equations. The dispersiveness, damping rate, isotropy or anisotropy, group and phase velocities of ail the waves supporied by the medium governed by the partial differential equations are all deter- ‘mined by the dispersion relation. With this understanding it is clear that what is needed is a finite difference scheme ‘whieh has the same or almost the same dispersion relation as the original partial differential equations. In a discretized system a minimum of five mesh points is needed to define a period ofa sine wave. Hence the above statement neods only to be true for waves with wave numbers 2, f such that a 4x, BAy

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