STATISTICS MEANING “Reoword Stasis drs om the Latin wove Sard “statist” whieh means, slat tus’, whiel mea s pollu state, Hahins men, German word ‘statisti’, whieh means « political state The word § an ‘ord Statistics is used in tw diferent senses, namely poral and sina: fn the singular {Ws consider) asa seience of sitistcal method that camps ofthe thew anu technique sed forcollecting onsanizng, analyzing and draw ‘lorat Sense, it means mer inferences from the numerical dati, fy the ‘of dala pertaining ts an object, situation or a phen ne, ESample: The numbers of unemploye auales in Mysore City, the number uf liferate yoann i Mysore Distnetctc..¢ the examples of using statistics in the plural sense NITIO! Thy Siaisties «sas qeasititive data affete! tv a marked extent by mulls wf ea Yule & Kendal, Hy Statsties we mean aggregate of facts affected to. marked extent hy mullipliity of eases. numerically expressed. enumetote ut estinated accord to a reasonable standard oF aceuraey collected in a systematie manner fora predeterminea’ purpose & placed in relation to cach other = Horace Secrist regate of facts: single and am solute figure eannot be valli Statistics because such figures are unrelated & cannot be compared to draw any conclusion fron At jcular class is nota statistee but a se Por san HALO ng f0 the heist of soup Fperson would he called Statistics, sinew i hacitate the amparisos i dhawce vlusion ples A single height 160em of a student of 2 Stodisrcs uve affvcies! considerably by multiplicity of causes:Statistil dat ae ntlvcnve numba of icinns foe E.ample: the pioduetion of rice is dependent on factors like the monsoon, the elisuate cortdiions of the region. the Fertilizer used. technology used, people employed ete, 111s not possible Aostudyariaia in svi 3. Statistics are numerically expressed: Any data which is capable of being expressed in numerteal tems alone is considered as Statistics. 2 OL nv Hatt los, Grnow SopCUCN fea iol Fa La Fair, Poor, and Very poor performers based on their performance. But this data by itsef is not | ‘considered as stalistcs unless certain scares are assigned to each category and vonverted into ; 1 as is affected by many vartables, numerical form, 4. Statisties should be based o counting or estimation: The quantitative data pertaining 10 Scanned with CamScanner6. i able standard of aceur . Statistics is alwas with reasonable standart of eerie nent of an OF Ze oy ion dep. Example: The number of skilled workers ithe produc! eae aes ™ sof people wh sinoke 1m a particu Jbaseal on enumeration while the mumbe estunnation sey: This featune of Slatistie mphes that on either stead, the data inathematical aveuraey isnot atained in statistics, Instead, ‘enumeration or estimation, i sty are collect. faetion of hilogramm For Examples Ifthe weights of apples of a particular varity are collet can be ignored ematie way based on Statistics always collected una systematic ty based an aa purpose. 1his enables stisties is eullested stem: a pe-letemined plan which i suitable forthe situation forthe situation of the mestigator to obtain the desired results for his study. arn F students on use of mobile phones For Examples i'an investigator wants tb knou the perception of students on use of mebile p : and how many Inside college campus’, then the investigator has to plan before-hand how. where and how many Studleats’ pereeption he would collect. Thus, Staistcs is collected fur an objective te be attuned. | ‘Satities is placed! in relation to cach other:Statistics collected facilitates eomparisin tor decision: For L-vample: The production details ofa department in an organization enables one to caleporice the workers as skilled, semi-skilled and killed or high performers. sncaum performers and! hows pettonmets, This enables a fin to ensure contal thraugh comparison. He perfammance al at templeyee eannot be identified as high or low iFitis not eampared with others, The first step in statistical investig tion is the eollectinn of data. ‘he daa ‘equine For a statistical investigation may be elect either fiom poary suey or secon Ors presented in an 0 cing the data:The duta coliceted by and investigator can be classifica or giuuped an! nized form that facilita es comparison. There are tivo stages in engan7ing the slats namely editing and arrangement, Under editing, wr uM entries and omss arerevified and then the data is aranged properly through classification anv! tabulation miswers. ively Presentation of data:Stauisties so collected, tabulated and prescuted! at a scientific mane is nalyzed in so many Ways. Anterpretation of data: Any collection of data is incomplete if one cannot interpret the data so | ‘ata are interpreted properly, appropriate corective measures and recommendations ean be made for 4 problem under consideration Scanned with CamScannerIMPORTANG The flowing. OF STATISTICS: ae the Rnportance of Statistics converte Statistics enables conversion into more meaningful informatis lata coll a collected by the inves Itty these h ‘nso meangfl information by applying statistical methods W data eollecte incangl eonclinan ected may go waste unless itis converte! int a rn which Kner tates —Lxample:The lata relating to population will be of use ifthe data is classified! meanmngfilly Hike vher of ni Tnvatles, females, chaldren et cilitates tates easy calculation of 3 averages:Statisties provides for easy calculation oF a and facilitate | huge dk ige data so thal ee that the data can be reduced! to one single number to derive ennelusion ‘comparison af the same Parison of the same fon different periods and lifferent variables For eyample: The pro “ tore es The profits eared by various companies in a particular induste ine * ¢ profit of the mdustry and ane ean know the normal profits ofthe ay be reduce 10 ure lo vive the aver indus ora yven period Dete ity of measurements: Ising statistical methods, techmages aul rinerple jon of asy to find the va sion of data om various averazes fon ofa company’s profits from the wt erage or example: Statistics helps one to know the var profit ay well as satiation from other companies, profits onship between two variables: Statistics helps to establish whiten hip) prtayeen two vasables and so helps to know the Kind of teationship. sulvertisement expenses made by ates ta find! Kor Rxample:The total sale hy a company 1s dependent upon ‘Statistics helps nx knowurg whether sales and advertisement expenses are related and the hi! of the two, relationship that extsts ete cand prageanime: Statistics erables policymakers tm all the setts tates in framing polit ies and! programmes for development. The force ny target for achievements and appraise ne poli vals that can by made using stat Heit te tools ate helpful to policymakers mm fivin performances. nn relating 10 a particular field of study’ eats be ing assumptions: Ihe assump ssatisteally by applying various test like -test, Fest st ete. depending upon the samples chosen) | fir the study and the objectives of study viduals: By learning statisties and applying statistical methods Egpands thinki al gets expanded, He Tears to organize data and analyze the sane | ng horizon of an individ the thin From various nersnectives merce and management research In languages research tools are used in humanities, science, com! advanced vestigators use statistics. Though they may not do in depth analyses using based on data collected and converted into | Itis indispensable to research work Statities is indispensable for any kind of research Statistical | also thei ‘statistical tools, the inferences drawn by them are nieaningful form which isa feature of statistics. Scanned with CamScanner. Slatisties and Sta tre presented tlvough tistical survey cat be p at th steel HAM Cau re results af Land by eonmnon man, {he teu oy to une eis the enmmon san to and asap, wales and figures, This helps e SCOPE 0} ICS: the scape of the statistics in the past was Very Aste B tite tothe managing of aomnistative ans of | ‘almost in is applicable in r alle areas Wis 0p tis Scope has widened these days that st is used science, education, technology. trade an nd commerce. ee ' diverse fields like humanities Matistics and the Government: ‘Statistics and the Governments swethouls, They collet data relating to population, is demographic f Se ee and soon, Thee data re . There statistical ernments widely use stl we Contra & the State Govern ot factors, eunswmplion, public 1g inslitutions lucilities, business establishments, serviee provi the government to frame poli of the eounity ies for efficient administration and development of the ; sed in the collection and compilation of ntral Statistieal Oryinizaticnt are certain specialized statistical organizations thal are data enabling the government in decision making, In India, the C eee (CSO), and the National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO) are such organizations pr cata to the Ceftral & State Government. ' eee far the Staistis anal Education; Statistics is widely used in education also, Slits iy nocess I formulation o well as to ki * policies to start new courses, consideration of Fillies avaible fi new cotuses, as ‘ow the utility oF various teaching peclayogies and so on ‘atisties in Sueiolow: statisties is used in the fils of suciclngy also casures (0 minimize the same. Data relating to population, yendler. chil labur, women harassment, women empowerment, juvenile crimes, kidn techniques like correlation and regression analysis, v nalyze social prublems and suggest n te. are collected, Popular statistical | aianee analysis ee. lationship of various factors relating to ench social phenomenon, | cused tom stualy the | suse and effect rek Economies: Statistics is used in branches of economies. the Peomanne: Sur arin nia by the Ministry of Finanee ise released every lassie Example oF use ul satisties lo ecmomie ayp Statistical tools For Example: Index mn Period oF ume in respect to pri ner is used in ceonomie planning to bring wat the elanes us er specie es, imports and exparts, production of wouks and services ete Correlation and regres fon analysis are used to express the relationship be 8 Gen Variables an the effect of change in relationships, Statistics n Business and business Management: Statistics has become «part al business ant business management. The data relating to production, investment, marketing. manpower, | accounting ete are collected by business enterprises for taking decision ur exampie Bac ' collect dats relating to the population, purchasing power and spending habits of eonsumers, ‘Competitors of the product ete. by using the various statistical techniques the data is collect is ‘analyzed for deciding about the launching or otherwise of the product SCIULG a pionlues to iauucinal ua ibindigw pli sub oey soe E istics and Medicine: In Medical Science, statistical tools are widely used. [n order to test the clficieney ofa new drug or Medicine, testis used orto compat the eliciency of twa drugs or tw Medicines, More and more applications of statisti are st present used in cli investigation, Scanned with CamScannerStatistics and Agriguttuy by Pron Analysts of Variance (ANOVA) is one of the statistical tools developed by Professor, RA Fisher which plays «prominent role inthe a esicance hase sl apts ca shown tha ait is adequate test the SH dittrence between wo ng ol cultura experiments. In test of we are cancemed! with the testa aunples means, In analysis of Variance, equality of several poputation means, 8. Statistics and Industry Statistics is wey used fn many industries In Indust eontral charts are ‘widely tse to maintain a certain quality level. fn production engineer to find whether the vt eon ypeeiietons eno, satsia Kos namely ispeeton cennirol ebiats Gle.tlv af extreme importance Ir inspection phins we have te resol (0 SOME Jand of sampling « sory niportant aspect al sktisties 9, Statistics and Commerce: Staistes are ifebloud of suevessTil commence Any businessman cane! he estim 11 either be wer stocking or having overstock of his goods. In the beginn accordin y. This “he dena fir ns ood ad then takes steps to produce goods and serves cecttnation is Gite by statistics, Thus, staisties is indispensible in business and commerce. 10, Statictice and Modern applications: Recent developments inthe fields of compute’ technol rt ue enabled statisties to integrate their models and thus make statistics thre are so many soltware packages ration teelmole prt of decision niaking procedures ef many organizations ng simulation problems ele able for solving design of experiments, foreca bor example SYS 1A a software package offers seiemiicand technical graphing onions s ports all types of scientific and technical researeh io various diversified fields ws follows, A) Archeology: Evolution of skull dimensions B) Epidemiology: ube isties {Theoretical distributions Clinical inv Ligations Fstinmtion of Urania reserves From ground water AMETATIONS OF STATISTICS: suffers From In spite of its various merits, statist tain limitations, It eannot be applied to all nds of situations and hence docs not solve all the problems in a society. Following re the mayor Limitations of statistics: deals with only tative data: Statistics deals only with those facts which can be ‘expressed in numerical terms. Statisties ignores qualitative data that are not convertible into For example: consumers” loyalty towards a particular product is a qualitative phenomenon \which has to be converted into quantitative measure for statistical analysis i gems: Due to the Facts statistics deals with only group items aggregate dats, solutions arrived also apply only to aggregate items and not to individual items For example, while testing the effectiveness of advertising for a particular product. the result is thatthe advertisis fiective for a group of individuals and not to a particular individual Scanned with CamScanner5 tr npn katte tiles y yoy arn enact a A. Starigtiey does not gnytrre mation en aca ayyosvanaatiny il te rons aban are He ae eotale 4 Statinties dows wot dent yy dehy thre pea tem by etinedyy SHINTO does nat reveal te entice eatent Heals vy te boas Haat ate pie ACTH 7 jatvanal cHinnile ad Fahy if deal with the reason for seh fwtors that fed te those SHON aE penne nde Pon enammtes ci stiaty on Employers, perceptienns ai ant jrovtonmantoy ton ome the peteeptians AF ettphayyes HME soe vy for sais poreeptions and the sewvepiionns ata the Wetans WEEE PEN Ks fe tratoes not hole! good far an nitayiciudd stent SX. Suatistiont a Stati whan olils yoo only for the ayeragy WY ENaiples the avename aye ats De averaute aye stuvtents stuady ine in Lyeat BCONT students 1819 years Bur stuteats iy ER.Cone yehouateabave or helo 18 years, So, Statisties 18 FOr vents aot apa d ( spo ar tno fo inl item Statistios is abt atisties is Hindle (0 be utisnye, 5 TT ai eds This is another major limitation oF Suulistion, His al teat bel Nees avho have the expertise adequate and avrong methods of date Joan tev aneiving a sang re i Wing. at wean results which teas the individual to draw anty wrong: collection nniy conclusions, Scanned with CamScanner