10. OPERATION MANUAL, FOR HMS - MODEL OILY-WATER SEPARATOR CONTENTS Construction of the HMS-model cily-water separator eee 1 Recommended bilge pump ~ 2 Operation 7 3 Suspension of operation 4 ‘Special note during operation 4 Maintenance 4 Automatic oll discharge device ~~ sess 7 7 Trouble Shooting ........ : 1" Important note for maintenance «+++... ers Other factors concerning separation efficiency ‘ 71 CONSTRUCTION OF THE HMS-MODEL OILY-WATER SEPARATOR Heishin oily-water separators (OWS), model HMS, are approved under the terms of IMO Resolution EPC” 60 (83) for 15 ppmferiteria, by various Governments and have been issued with Type-approva! Certificates. HMS Separators have two stages in one body which are inter-connected, a water passage pipe and an oil discharge pipe. 1-1 1st stage Fough separation of oll trom bilge water in the 1st stage Is dependent upon the specific gravity (relative density) of the oll being separated. The separation is achieved by using muttiple parallel plates which are housed in the separating compartment in three layers. Therefore, they are capable of dealing with bilge water mixed with high density fuel oils and Particles of oil which are larger than 60 microns in size. 1-2 2nd stage The 2nd stage contains a coalescer which allows small particles of oil to coagulate and become bigger in size and thereby float to the surface. Heishin's coalescers are made of 18-8 stainless steel and heat/corrosion resistant glass fibre and are capable of separating oil of 15-20 microns particles. If maintained property, it 's not necessary to replace these coalescers as often as compared with other types of OWS which uso fine filter elements. Moreover, if contaminated. they can be easily restored by washing with steam or hot water. 1-3. Pipe between the 1st and the 2nd stage The connecting pipe between the 1st and the 2nd stage allows the passage of bilge water from the 1st stage to the 2nd stage. A T-shaped strainer and a non-return valve is fitted to this pipe. (1) T-shaped strainer Tho Teshape strainer of a self-cleaning type is provided to arrest any sludge and foreign matters which escape separation in the ist stage in order to protect the coalescer elemant. The element inside of the strain is made of stainless steel with 50 meshiinch. (2) Non-return vaive The non-return valve is provided to prevent any back tlow of water into the tst stage, when separated oll trom the 1st stage is discharged via the automatic oil discharge valve which causes a drop in pressure in the 1st stage. 1-4 Oil discharge pipe Each oll discharge pipe from both the 1st stage and the 2nd stage is fitted with vaives re15 24 22 4 1. Reciprocating pump (Piston Pump or plunger pump) 2. Mono PUMP (Single ‘Screw pump) OPERATION Preparation for operation Prior to operating the olly-water separator (OWS), itis Necessary to ensure the following -2-1. Piping for the OWS is laid down in accordance with the manufacturer's piping arrangement, and the specification of shipowneri/shipyard if provided. 2. The electric wiring of power supply and alarm signal for OWS is correctly made. 3. OWS is filled up with sea water by bilge pump. 4. No leakage should be observed from the pipe before the OWS. 32 Operation Procedures for dally service of OWS: 1. Tum on the power supply to the automatic oll discharge device. 2. Open all the valves fitted to the bilge discharge pipe line and start the bilge pump. Caution Where the OWS has been unused for more than one week, flush the OWS with sea water using bilge pump for 15 - 20 minutes prior to handling the bilge. This is because oil, Suspended solids (SS), sediment and bacteria staying in the OWS may have changed into containments by biochemical reaction and atfect the OWS's performance. 3. During the operation of the OWS, oil is separated from bilge water and accumulates at the uppor part of each stage, and eventually this separated oil should be discharged into the waste oil tank. The separated oil in the 1st stage is discharged automatically by an automatic olf discharge device. Oil in the 2nd stage, however, must be discharged manually whenever the oll level detector gives an alarm signal or at any time when considered necessary upon checking by the test cock fitted to the stage. The recommended time for oil discharge Is 2 - 3 minutes. 4 SUSPENSION OF OPERATION In finishing the operation, 1. Flush the OWS with sea water for about 15 minutes. 2. Stop tho bilge pump, and switch off the electric power spply. 3. Ensure that the OWS is kept full of water and shoulld not be emptied whilst it is unused. 5 SPECIAL NOTE DURING OPERATION 5-1 Cleaning of T-shape strainer ‘Since the bilge water contains sludge and solids which often choke up the coalescer5-1 e1 element, itis important to clean the strainer from time time. The strainer can be easily cleaned by rotating the handle provided at the top, during operation. The foreign matter removed from the strainer element should be discharged out of the strainer by opening the ball valve fitted on the bottom of the strainer for §-10 seconds, Although the frequency of cleaning service depends upon the ship's condi ‘sake cleaning should be better done at every operation. ‘See 6-1 (1) for maintenance. n, for safety Cleaning of Y-shape strainer 't this strainer is clogged, separated oil can not be discharged even if the automatic oil discharge device is in good operation and the solenoid valve opens. Keen attention should be paid to avoid operation of OWS with the strainer clogged © as separated oil may be discharged overboard. For maintenance, see 6-1.(2). MAINTENANCE 'n order to keep the performance and function of the OWS in good condition, proper maintenance is always required considering the bilge water contains a variety of contaminants including waste oil, sludge, suspended solids (SS), chemical substance, bacteria, eto, all in different forms. 5 Routine check 1._For the bilge pump € (1) Clean up the strainer fitted to the suction side. (2) Check the vibration, noise and pressure. (8) In case the bilge pump is driven by V-belt, check the tension is correct. (4) Check the temperature of the bearing. When the temperature tises too high to touch {he bearing case by hand, check the bearing itself and bearing housing, (5) Tighten the gland packing if there is a leakage. 2._For the oily-water separator (OWS) (7) Check the pressure difference between the 1st and 2nd stage. When the pressure difference is more than 0.5 bar; (a) Clean up the T-shape strainer.(©) For cleaning, turn the handle by hand 4 -§ times and drain the sludge from the bottom of the strainer using the ball valve during the operation. (©) If the pressure difference does not decrease, wash the coalescer ot the 2nd stage in accordance with 6-2. (2) Check the Y-shape strainer of the automatic oil discharge device fitted to the 1st stage, and clean up if it is clogged. To check when the Y-shape strainer is clogged, (@)Turn on the No.1 switch on the sensitivity adjusting switch fitted in the oil level Probe. Then. the solenoid valve opens. (Refer to Chapter 7-4) (b)|f the pressure does not drop, the strainer must be clogged. (c) Take out the. strainer element and clean it up. After cleaning the strainer only the No.4 switch (sensitivity switch) of the probe should be kept on for normal operation. 62 Washing HMS-model oily-water separator (OWS) is provided with a washing port fitted on the front cover of the 1st stage and at the inlet pipe of the 2nd stage. The OWS should be washed with steam (or hot water) periodically once a month or whenever considered necessary. Washing can be done for both stages either at one time or one stage at a time. Washing process: 1, Ensure that the separator is filled up with either bilge or sea water. 2. Connect the steam line to the washing port. 3. Open the solenoid valve of the 1st stage manually in accordance with 7-4 and also open the oil discharge valve of the 2nd stage. Important Ni Keep these two valves open until the washing out process finishes. 4. Run the bilge pump for a short time to discharge separated oil from one by one stage. 5. Supply live steam (or hot water) in order to heat up water in the OWS up to 70 - 80°C. Wher: the temperature rises, stop the supply of steam and keep the OWS in this condition for 2 hours. 6. Run the bilge pump for 2 - 3 minutes to, discharge the remaining oil. 7. Drain the water of only the 1st stage to the bilge well from the bottom of the Stage. When draining the water out of the 2nd stage, ensure that separated oil has been completely discharged out of the stage. 8. Close all valves but open the valve on the pipe between the 1st and 2nd stages if it is closed,9. Start the operation of the OWS for bilge. The OWS should be filled with sea water prior to the switch over to bilge. Washing is completed when sea water is fed into the system. Important note! 1. When the OWS is first used, the pressure loss in the coalescer is about 0.1 bar. 2, When the pressure difference becomes more than 0.7 bar, washing should be carried out. There should be no problem if the pressure loss in the coalescer is over 0.1 bar even after washing unless it is more than 0.5 bar. 8. Direct and thorough cleaning by complete dismantle and overhauling of the coalescer Should be done provided the pressure loss is over 0.5 bar after steam or hot water washing, 4- Its necessary to replace the existing coalescer with a new one if; (1) the pressure loss stil remains over 0.5 bar after cleaning by overhaul, or (2) any damage to the coalescer is observed. 6-3 Overhaul and inspection Prior to overhauling, itis recommended that washing by steam is carried out 1. 1st stage (Refer to the attached drawing) (1) Disconnect all the pipes fitted to the upper body of the stages (oll discharge and steam heating pipe). (2) Unbott the upper body to remove it from the main body. (S) Unbolt the top cover of the 2nd separating section and remove it upwards. (4) After removing the front cover, followed by opening the inner cover, pull out all the Parallel plates in the 1st separating section. At the centre of each parallel plate, there is a hole with which the plate can be pulled out. As the length of the paraifel plates is diferent, small holes are provided on the Side of the plate, which serve to identify each plate. 2. 2nd stage (1) Overhaul of the upper body can be carried out in the same way as the ist stage. (2) After opening the front cover, unbolt the coalescer unit ‘and remove the coalescer element, 8. Clean each component and inside the wall of the stage by wiping off or washing with "ght oll it necessary. Special attention should be given to check if corrosion has occurred. i i | re4. If any damage is found, repair it property. (a) When replacing a gasket with a new one, the flange face should be cleaned up. (b) When repairing the internal coating, first clean the damaged or peeled off parts thoroughly and repaint with epoxy tar on the oil-and rust-free surface. Dry the coating completely prior to re-assembly. 5. Re-assemble the OWS exactly in the reverse order to the disassembly. 6. Carry out a leakage check test after re-assembly. 7. Automatic oll discharge device 7 Technical information 1. Operating Principal © The level detecting probe acts as the positive (+) pole of a capacitor whist the peripheral wall of the stage acts as a negative (-) pole. The capacitance between the positive and Negative pole depends upon the fluid. Thé probe is fitted with a time adjusting switch which has a max. set time of 24 seconds. When the probe detects oil, the capacitance between positive pole and negative pole changes which causes the solenoid valve to open. When the set time (max. 24 seconds) has passed the solenoid valve closes automatically. 2. Electric conductivity ‘The electric conductivity (specitic inductive capacity) is a physical coefficient of the ‘substance determined when a vacuum is 1: accordingly, air is about 1, water 80.7, petroleum 2.1, mineral oils 2.0 - 2.5, paraffin oll 46 - 4.8. However, the above values for the substances varies greatly if they are mixed in the iQ bilge due to a change of characteristics by chemicals including detergent, metal dust, ‘metal ion and water content in the oil. Among other things, the sludge of fuel oll and lubricant oi! has very similar characteristics to water in terms of electric conductivity. This is because this sludge contains a great number of minute particles of water eventually making the water content as high as 70 - 80 % depending upon the conditions. Our oil detecting probe is designed to cover a wide range of conductivity so that it is Possible to use it for different types of oll by on board adjustment,7-2 Situation between probe, solenoid valve and oil/water interface Surrounding condition of probe Solenoid vaive © Probe is in air or of © Probe is in water. When oiltwater @ Probe is in water. interface is lowering. |G) Probe is in oil @ Under condition where the probe is in water during the pre-set time which can be freely When oilmwater set (but max. 24 sec) interface is rising. © The set time has passed in the condition where the probe| is in water. AIR OR O1L, “WATER Probe Probe | — — — € @© © © om, OL om, Oe] OF] OF = Probe | “WATER Probe | WATER. Probe | WATER73 Sensitivity adjusting switch Inside view of level detecting probe Adjustment of oil level probe and oil level detector The automatic oil discharge device has alteady been adjusted at our workshop before shipment, and generally no further adjustment is necessary before OWS is put into operation. Should further adjustment be requlted for some reasons the following re-adjustment can be feasible only when the OWS Is full of sea water: 1. Confirmation of operation (1) Check that the wiring is correct. (2) First turn off al the switches fitted on the time adjusting switch, and then turn on ‘only the No.1 switch (all the other switches should be off), On carrying out the above procedure, the indication lamp in the probe goes off, and the ‘solenoid vaive closes. Caution! In no case should more than one switch be turned on at a time as it would cause total malfunction of the probe. (8) Turn on only the No.1 switch on the sensitivity adjusting switch (all other switches should be off. With this procedure, the indication lamp goes on and the solenoid vaive opens. ‘Caution! In no case should more than one switches be turned on at a time as it would ¢0U86 total malfunction of the probe. (4) Turn off the above No.1 switch of the sensitivity adjusting switch (a) The indication tamp will go off and the solenoid valve closes. (b) Ensure that the function of the automatic oll discharge device is correct by repeating -9-74 items (3) and (4), and finally to finish readjustment of the probe the No.4 switch on the sensitivity adjusting switch should be turned on. The No.4 switch should be always kept "on" for normal operation. (The others should be oft.) Note: In terms of seconds, the time when the solenoid valve opens is 4 times the switch umber on the time adjusting switch. 2. Adjustment Although it is not easy to give a specific standard for adjustment of oil detecting probe (as on board conditions of oil and water is very different according to each ship), a general guide line for adjustment is shown in the following table. The adjustment should be carried out only when the probe is in the oil, Recommended |graduation No. Function is poor even | Water content in the sep- | Turn on a smaller number| No.2 or No.3 when the probe is, arated oil is very high, ie. of the sensitivity switch. completely immersed | electric conductivity is in the separated of. _[ as high as that of water. ‘Normal function is achi-| Large quantity of high | Turn on a larger number eved for some times, | viscosity oil is mixed. _| of the sensitivity switch, but even after oil is dis charged, the solenoid valve kept open. Manual oil discharge by solenoid valve When Is necessary to discharge the separated oil out of the 1st chamber forcibly for some teason, the solenoid valve should be opened manually during operation of the OWS. (1) Just open the cover of the probe. (2) No. 4 switch on the sensitivity adjusting switch inside of the probe is seen to be ‘on’. (8) Switch off this No. 4 switch and turn on only the No. 1 switch. (Never turn on other ‘switches at one time as the probe gets into trouble.) (4) Then the solenoid valve opens. To return to the nomal condition, turn off the No. 1 switch and keep on only the No. 4 switch. (Do not keep on other switches.) -10-8 TROUBLE SHOOTING 't any troubles occur to OWS, find the cause immediately for a proper countermeasure in accordance with the following table. TROUBLE * Bad quality of bilge water caused by emulsion from the following substances ~ Detergent for cleansing = Compressor drain ~ Boiler washing agents with tow Ph COUNTERMEASURE + Find the main cause of substan ‘ces, and prevent them from enter- ing the bilge It possible, install a separate tank exclusively for collecting waste water contaminated by such chemical substances + Particles of oll become minute in size in the bilge pump due to inner leakage. + Overhaul the bilge pump and repair damaged components such as pump valve & seat, bucket ring, ete. if the bilge pump is piston pump. + OWS is internally contaminate by oil ~ Automatic oil discharge device is not working in a good condition, and the ‘separated ol is not discharged pro- Perly eventually letting the oi to flow out to the 2nd chamber. - Separated oil in the 2nd chamber is not discharged and the oil is mixed in the effluent. = The coalescer in the 2nd chamber is not functioning properly due to sludge & solid substances. -11- ~ Clean Y-shape strainer, check and adjust the oil level detect- ing probe. ~ Discharge the cil out of the sep- arator. = Wash the coalescer to restore it to its original condition.TROUBLE + A short pass in the low passage in OWS| occurs caused by; = Corrosion in the inner compartment ‘walls of the 1st and 2nd chamber. ~ Short pass in the coaiescer unit ocours by clogging in the coalescer element oF poor fitting of the unit + OWS is operated with water lowered tor the folowing reasons: ~ OWS has not been filled up with sea water at the beginning of the operation. ~ Leakage occurs in OWS or in the pipe before OWS, and water lever lowers. For the OWS provided with the press- ure adjusting vaive, the set pressure is ot proper, or valve and valve seat are stuck together, ~ The siphon breaker of the effluent pipe Is cloggec. + Ian olf content meter is fitted, it is not Jn gocd operation (wrong indication of oil content in porn.) The sampling pipe ie internally conta- ‘inated by oil, sludge or fith = The pressure of sample is beyond a specitied range. COUNTERMEASURE ~ Check and repair i For closer check, hydrostatic Pressure test is recommended = Wash the coalescer if badly con- taminated, or correct the fitting of the unit + Before the operation, fll up OWS with sea water and check itis full with bilge water during operation. ‘See pressure reading is positive. = Check it, and repair or adjust it = Check and repair it = Check the sampling pipe and clean it ~ Adjust the pressure according to maker's manual Reduction of efflu- ent flow discharged from OWS + Function of the biige pump is not in good condition. (Volumettic efficiency becomes poor.) -12-re TROUBLE CAUSE Valve, vaive seat or seat ring of the pump is damaged, + Bucket ring is worn or damaged + Cylinder liner is worn or scratched. | ~ Rubber-made stator is worn out. ~ The number of rotation of the pump reduced due to the belt being loose. COUNTERMEASURE ~ Smooth the valve and valve seat, ~ Replace the bucket ring. ~ Replace the liner or repair it by machining ~ Replace the stator. - Stretch the belt or replace it + Air enters from the bilge pump, ‘Check the gland packing in the stuffing box and ail the connecting| flanges fitted to the bilge pump. For closer check, hydrostatic Pressure testis recommended * Suction pipe of the bilge pump is bloc- ed, ~ Strainer of the bilge pump is clogged. ~ Valve(s) of the suction pipe is closed or not sufficiently opened. * Check the pipe and remove any obstacles if any. + Clean the strainer. ~ Open the vaive(s) thoroughly. Leakage occurs from the relief valve of the OWS andior bilge pump. Check the vaive and valve seat of the relief vaive, }- Leakage occurs from the test cock. a * Leakage ocours from the oll discharge valve, * Repairor replace with new one. + Check the valve of the 2nd cham- ber to repair, Check the solenoid vaive and oi level detector probe fitted to the ist chamber. if any detect or dam. age is found, contact us for repair or replacement.TROUBLE - Discharge line is closed. - The pressure adjusting valve is incor ectly set. - Valves including overboard valve are closed or not sutficiently opened. COUNTERMEASURE - Adjust the pressure adjusting valve to a proper level for OWS, = Open these valves fully. + Coalescer is ciogged. + Wash the coalescer. |- T-shape strainer between the 1st and- 2nd chamber is clogged. - Water passage within OWS is clogged by sludge, solid or other obstacles, or corrosion. - Pressure gauge is out of order. - Clean the strainer. f necessary, overhaul and clean the element. + Check the inside ot OWS, clean and repair if necessary. + Check the pressure gauge and replace it with new one. Too much water contains in the separated oil /- Maltunction of an automatic oll dischar- ge device of the 1st chamber ~ Sensitivity of the oilwater intertace de-| tector is not property set, ~ Leakage occurs from the solenoid valve. ~ Check the proberand repair or replace it with anew one if defect is tound. - Leakage occurs from the oil discharge valve of the 2nd chamber. Replace with a new one. [Solenoid valve is kept open too long or ‘Solenoid valve opens and shuts oo often + Great amount of oil contains in bilge. - Oil is very viscous. - ¥-shape strainer is clogged -14- + Heat up the oil. + Clean up the strainer.9 IMPORTANT NOTE FOR MAINTENANCE, Nowadays when environmental protection is the main world issue, it is very important for a ship's crew who directly handie bilge to know the characteristics of the actual bilge prior to and during the operation of the OWS. In fact, besides there being many kinds of oil, there are a variety of complicated characteristics in bilge water for each individual vessel. Even in one patticular ship, the characteristics of bilge water change chemically, physically or biochemically every time bilge water is generated. In many cases, these factors give a negative influence to the performance of the OWS. Our stage-model oily-water separators have passed type-approval tests and have been approved under the terms of IMO MEPC 60(33). However, satisfactory performance can not be kept up unless proper maintenance work is carried out. In order to Keep the oil content in the effluent from the OWS within the criteria of IMO regulations, it is necessary to carefully note and carry out the following procedures. 9-1 Periodical inspection 1. Cleaning Periodical checks if bilge water is contaminated by detergent and cleaning by steam (or hot water) from time to time is one of the most important maintenance duties for ship's crew. 2. Discharge of sludge Bilge water entering the OWS contains oily sludge including sand, mud, iron rust, carbon, ete. This oily sludge settles and accumulates in the OWS and causes clogging resulting in deterioration of separation efficiency. In particular, F.0. and L.O. sludges create strong corrosion making holes through the walll of the OWS. (See Chapter ‘Therefore, it is necessary to remove sludge periodically by either steam washing or ‘overhaul cleaning and touch up the coating whenever the inner coating is damaged. (3) Maintenance of bilge pump As the bilge pump is used to handle bilge water which contains a lot of solids and trash, it has a greater chance of being damaged than any other pumps in the engine room. It should be carefully noted that inner leakage between suction and discharge, damage created by solid substances, may easily cause particles of oil to become very small and minute, in other word, forming a physically emuision. ‘Our OWS design is based on the gravitational difference between oil and water and is not capable of separating emulsion and oil particles of less than 20 microns in size. ‘Therefore, the separation efficiency will definitely decrease if such small particles of oil continuously enters the OWS. ~15- SEEIt is necessary to check the pump bucket, pump valve and valve seat where if damaged inner leakage will often occur, and these parts must be kept keep in good condition. 9-2 Bilge characteristics As stated before, bilge water has complex characteristics, and one of the main reasons is presumably due to chemical and biochemical reaction between oils, water, detergent, chemical agent and bacteria. Different chemical agents are added to not only lubricating oll but also to fuel oil, and these chemicals and detergents are certainly the main cause of emulsified oil in bilge water. 1. Detergents ‘Simply for cleaning purposes detergent is made to dissolve oil and oily substances as & form of emulsion by chemical reaction. To emulsify oil efficiently, different surface active agents are added to petroleum or plant and animal oil, and therefore the detergent is in most cases regarded as an oil itself if chemically analysed. In general the following group of detergents are in current use on board ships depending upon the purpose of the detergent. They are: i) those which dissolve in water but not in oil, 1) those which dissolve in oil but not in water, and iil) those which dissolve in both water and oil. Without exception, all detergents in the market react against oil to make it chemically ‘emulsified when mixed with water. The size of an oil particle in a chemical emulsion is far less than 1 micron and will not float at all. For the above reason, in general detergent has a substantial influence on the OWS. Our OWS is based on the gravitational difference between oil and water and is capable of separating particles of oil of less than 20 microns in size for light oil and 10 microns for heavy oil. In no case can chemically emulsified oil be handled the OWS. Separation efficiency would definitely be decreased and efficiency can not be guaranteed if an oll emulsion enters the OWS. ‘Therefore, it is very important not to mix any detergent into bilge. Anti-corrosive oil for engine cooling water ‘Some brands of anticorrosive agent (soluble oil type) have exactly the same characteristics and ingredients as the above detergent, which is chemically emulsified when it is dissolved in water. ‘Therefore, this soluble oil type of anticorrosive oil should not be allowed to mix with the bilge. -16-8. Compressor drain Atthough drain fluid discharged from air compressors is very small in quantity, this drain fluid is in most cases emulsified which may cause a negative effect on the OWS. Attention should be paid to the quantity of compressor drain fluid and Proper countermeasures are necessary it the quantity increases for any reason. 4. Sludge Sludge is equally as bad a factor on OWS performance as detergent when it enters the OWS in any great amount. A description of sludge is given in Chaptert0-2, in any case, itis strongly recommended that mixing sludge into bilge water should be minimised 10. Other factor for separation efficiency 10-1 Condition of bilge water 'm general, bilge water in the bilge tank forms into the following group of layers 1. Top layer (on the surface): floating oil 2. Middle layer: small and minute particle of oil including emulsion 8, Bottom layer: settled solids and sludge The Separation performance of the OWS is adversely influenced by the oil staying in the ‘middle layer. Due to the ship's pitching and rolling, rather big particies of oll can adhere to and combine with suspended solids (SS) forming oily solids whilst dissolved detergent makes a small oil droplet even smaller, or emulsified, due to frequent contact created by ‘motion of ship. Therefore the OWS should not be operated in such rough weather conditions which may help to mix up oil, water and sludge layers. 10-2 Sludges of fuel oil (F.0.) and lubricating oil (LO.) There is a tendency for OWS to be used often for handling F.0. & L.O. sludges discharged from oil purifiers for the purpose of incinerating waste oilistudge. At present, the following two flows are adopted. a. Flow 1 BILGE }/-———»|BILGE PUMP} [OIL Y-WATER SEPARATOR }»oversoarp s ¥ PURIFIER} {SLUDGE TANK WASTE OIL TANK INCINERATOR | -17-b. Flow 2 PURIFIER|—P{ SLUDGE TANK SLUDGE PUMP ¥ SETTLING TANK >] INCINERATOR: WATER BILGE low BILGE PUMP}—{OILY-WATER SEPARATOR }-OVERBOARD There is no great difference between the performance of the OWS in Flow 1 and 2 above. Problems lie, however, in the fact that due to the sludge the speed of contamination of the OWS is tremendously accelerated and the discharge of sludge is difficult as sludge is very heavy and easily solidified. From an operational and economical point of view, the system of Flow 1 is more advantageous, but sludge comes directly into the OWS accelerating contamination of the whole body. Frequent cleaning should be necessary for this tlow. ‘On the other hand, Flow 2 is preferable for the OWS to avoid contamination but it costs more to construct and more care in operation is required. In @ ship many kinds of oil are used for different purposes These oils, sometime light oil sometime heavy oll of large or small amount, are mixed with bilge water. 10-3 Kind of oil Regardless of the conditions, an oily water separator must separate oil from bilge water to a level of where the oil content becomes less than 15 ppm in the effluent. Therefore, OWS should play an important role to reduce oil pollution. Our OWS has been designed and constructed to handle bilge water without any problems based on our long experience. 'n general the separation performance varies depending upon the type of oil in the bilge water. The lighter the oil becomes, the more difficult becomes the separation of oil from water. !n other words, oil of a smalll relative density and low viscosity is difficult for the OWS to handle. Also the higher the pressure of the bilge pump becomes, the greater the quantity of ‘smaller oil particles resulting in poor separation efficiency. -18-INTERIOR CONSTRUCTION OF THE OILY-WATER SEPARATOR Globe Valve Ball valve © v0 orsciasce = (to 041 Discharge Tank) Y¥-Shaped Strain Solenoid Valve O41 Level Probe Multiple Parallel Plates Washing Port ou to Overboard => Oity-water Talet enemas eter