Leed Report Suhaib

1.
INTRODUCTION
1.1. GREEN BUILDING
According to world green building council; A ‘green’ building is

a building that, in its design, construction or operation, reduces or
eliminates negative impacts, and can create positive impacts, on
our climate and natural environment. Green buildings preserve
precious natural resources and improve our quality of life. The
Green Building practice expands and complements the classical
building design concerns of economy, utility, durability, and
comfort. In doing so, the three dimensions of sustainability, i.e.,
Figure 1 Green Building Icon
planet, people and profit across the entire supply chain need to be
considered.
Green building is a resource-efficient method of construction that produces healthier buildings

which have less impact on the environment and cost less to maintain. This sustainable approach
to construction accounts for a building’s entire life cycle: siting, design, construction, operation,
maintenance, renovation and demolition (read Life Cycle Assessment for more).
Green buildings are designed to reduce the overall impact of the built environment on human
health and natural environment by:
 Efficiently using energy, water and other resources.

 Protecting occupant’s health and improving employee productivity.
Reducing waste, pollution and environment degradation any building can be a green building,
whether it’s a home, an office, a school, a hospital, a community centre, or any other type of
structure, provided it includes features listed above.
However, it is worth noting that not all green buildings are – and need to be - the same. Different
countries and regions have a variety of characteristics such as distinctive climatic conditions,
unique cultures and traditions, diverse building types and ages, or wide-ranging environmental,
economic and social priorities – all of which shape their approach to green building.
1
Green building (also known as green construction or sustainable building) refers to both a
structure and the application of processes that are environmentally responsible and resource-
efficient throughout a building's life-cycle: from planning to design, construction, operation,
maintenance, renovation, and demolition. This requires close cooperation of the contractor,
the architects, the engineers, and the client at all project stages
1.2. GOALS OF GREEN BUILDING
Figure 2 Goals of green Buildings
1.2.1. To Minimize Wastage of Water and Energy
Green buildings certified by the Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) results in water savings of
20 – 30% and energy savings of 40 – 50% compared to conventional buildings in India.
Green buildings achieving the Green Star certification in Australia have been shown to save 51% less
potable water and produce 62% fewer greenhouse gas emissions than if they had been built to meet
minimum industry requirements.
Green buildings achieving the Green Star certification in South Africa have been shown to save
between 20 – 30% potable water every year, and to save on average between 30 – 40% energy and
carbon emissions every year, when compared to the industry norm.
Green buildings achieving the LEED certification in the US and other countries have been shown to
consume 11 percent less water and consume 25 percent less energy than non-green buildings.
LEED Lab Report Syed Suhaib Hasan B.Arch. IV Year 2020-2021

2
1.2.2. To Conserves Natural Resources
The building sector has the largest potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions
significantly compared to other major emitting sectors.
This emissions savings potential is said to be as much as 84 gigatons of CO2 (GtCO2) by
2050, through direct measures in buildings such as energy efficiency, fuel switching and the
use of renewable energy.
The building sector has the potential to make energy savings of 50% or more in 2050, in
support of limiting global temperature rises to 2°C (above pre-industrial levels) – UNEP,
2016.
1.2.3. Enhance Air and Water Quality

Research suggests that better indoor air quality that is low concentrations of CO2 and
pollutants, and high ventilation rates can lead to improvements in the performance of up to 8
percent.
1.2.4. Protect Biodiversity and Ecosystems

Green building supports ecosystems by promoting the efficient use of energy, water and
other resources. It
Also uses renewable energy, such as solar energy. Measures are usually taken for reducing
pollution and waste and also enabling re-use and recycling of the materials. Materials that
are used are non-toxic, ethical and sustainable
The environment is considered in design, construction and operation and enables adaptation
to a changing environment.
1.2.5. Minimize Costs and Maximize Value

These buildings lower construction costs and higher property value for building developers;
global energy efficiency measures could save an estimated €280 to €410 billion in savings
on energy spending. Green buildings, whether new or renovated – command a 7 percent
increase in asset value over traditional buildings – Dodge Data & Analytics, 2016.
1.2.6. Minimizes Strain on Local Infrastructure

Green buildings work with local governments and utilities to provide training and incentives
for green building and energy efficiency. They also offer free classes, public forums and
technical training that can minimize strain on local infrastructure.
These provide opportunities for existing homes to easily and affordably go green, becoming
truly sustainable, non-toxic, zero water and zero energy buildings.

3
1.3. BENEFITS OF GREEN BUILDING
Figure 3 Benefits of green buildings
AVERAGE SAVINGS OF GREEN

BUILDING
Figure 4 Average Savings of Green Building
1.4. RELEVANCE OF BUILDING RATING SYSTEM

4
A green building rating system is a tool that evaluates the performance of a building and its
impact on the environment. It comprises a predefined set of criteria relating to the design,
construction, and operations of green buildings.
In India, there are predominantly three rating systems – Leadership in Energy and
Environmental Design (LEED), the rating systems from Indian Green Building Council
(IGBC) and the Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment (GRIHA). In addition,
there is also the Energy Consumption Building Code (ECBC) and the National Building
Code (NBC), which provide guidelines on energy consumption. All buildings in India need
to comply with these prescribed guidelines.
Figure 5 IGBC Logo Figure 6 GRIHA logo Figure 7 ECBC Book
The green building rating systems has been in practice for last three decades around the world.
The developed and developing countries have their own rating systems and
assessment/certification methods to qualify the building green or sustainable. Some of the
Prominent rating systems are, [BREEAM (UK), LEED (USA), GREEN STAR (Australia)],
[GRIHA (India), SAGRS (Saudi Arabia)] and [SB Tool (collaborative)] respectively
launched by developed countries, developing countries and group of countries. The green
building rating systems focus primarily on energy, environmental and sustainability. The
paper presents an insight into green building rating systems aspects and motives. Rating
system comparative study identifies rating system according to countries status wise
development. Such study will certainly be helpful in unification of building rating systems
and will pave the way for coordinated effort to make green construction and sustainable
development throughout the world.
.

5
Figure 8 BREEAM Logo Figure 9 GREEN STAR Logo
In 2000, the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC)

developed another rating system, which is the
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
(LEED).
Figure 10 USGBC logo
Others also responded to the growing interest and demand for sustainable design including
additional rating systems that most of them were influenced by these early programs but are
tailored to their own context with specific priorities. Other trails for rating systems intended
to address broader issues of sustainability or evolving concepts such as social aspects, net
zero energy, and living and restorative building concepts. It is estimated that there are nearly
600 green product certifications in the world with nearly 100 in use in the USA, and the
numbers continue to grow. Many other rating systems became a great evidence of adapting
the sustainability principles in building industry.
Figure 11 Rating Systems Around the world
The rating system is based on four major components.

6
 CATEGORIES: These form a specific set of items relating to the environmental

performance considered during the assessment.
 SCORING SYSTEM: This is a performance measurement system that cumulates
the number of possible points or credits that can be earned by achieving a given
level of performance in several analyzed aspects.
 WEIGHTING SYSTEM: This represents the relevance assigned to each specific
category within the overall scoring System.
 OUTPUT: This aims at showing, in a direct and comprehensive manner, the results
of the environmental performance obtained during the scoring phase
2. LEED
LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) is an

internationally recognized green building certification system,
providing third-party verification that a building or community was
designed and built using strategies aimed at improving performance
across all the metrics that matter most: energy savings, water
efficiency, CO2 emissions reduction, improved indoor
environmental quality, and stewardship of resources and sensitivity
to their impacts. Figure 12 USGBC Leed
Certificate
Developed by the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC), LEED provides building owners and
operators a concise framework for identifying and implementing practical and measurable green
building design, construction, operations and maintenance solutions.
LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) is the most widely used green building
rating system in the world. Available for virtually all building types, LEED provides a framework
for healthy, highly efficient, and cost-saving green buildings. LEED certification is a globally
recognized symbol of sustainability achievement and leadership.
LEED provides a point system to score green building design and construction. The system is
categorized in five basic areas:
 Sustainable Sites,
 Water Efficiency,

7
 Energy
 Atmosphere,
 Materials and Resources,
 Indoor Environmental Quality.
Buildings are awarded points based on the extent various sustainable strategies are achieved. The
more points awarded the higher the level of certification achieved from Certified, Silver, Gold,
to Platinum.
Figure 13 LEED focus points
2.1. LEED RATING SYSTEM

LEED is for all building types and all building phases including new construction, interior
fit outs, operations and maintenance and core and shell
2.1.1. BD+C: Building Design and Construction

For new construction or major renovations. Includes:
 LEED for New Construction

 LEED for Core & Shell
 LEED for Schools
 LEED for Retail: New Construction and Major Renovations
 LEED for Healthcare
8
For complete interior fit-out projects. Includes:
 LEED for Commercial Interiors

 LEED for Retail: Commercial Interiors
2.1.2. O+M: Building Operations and Maintenance

For existing buildings that are undergoing improvement work or little to no
construction. Includes:
 LEED for Existing Buildings: Operations & Maintenance
O+M also includes applications for Schools, Retail, Hospitality, Data Centers, and
Warehouses & Distribution Centers.
2.1.3. ND: Neighborhood Development
For new land development projects or redevelopment projects containing residential
uses, nonresidential uses, or a mix. Projects can be at any stage of the development
process, from conceptual planning to construction. Includes:
 Plan and Built Project
2.1.4. Homes
For single family homes, low-rise multi-family (one to three stories) or mid-rise multi-
family (four to six stories). Includes:
 Homes
 Multifamily Low-rise
 Multifamily Midrise
Homes and residential buildings that are greater than six stories use LEED BD+C.
2.1.5. Cities and Communities

For entire cities and sub-sections of a city. LEED for Cities projects can measure and
manage their city’s water consumption, energy use, waste, transportation and human
experience.
2.1.6. LEED Recertification

LEED recertification is an important step in protecting your building asset.
Recertification helps you maintain and improve your building, while keeping your

9
Sustainability investment in place. Applies to all occupied and in-use projects that
have previously achieved certification under LEED – including BD+C and ID+C,
regardless of their initial rating system or version
2.1.7. LEED Zero

Available for all LEED projects certified under the BD+C or O+M rating systems or
registered to pursue LEED O+M certification. LEED Zero is for projects with net zero
goals in carbon and/or resources.
3. LEED v4.1
LEED v4.1 is the next generation standard for green building design, construction, operations and
performance.
In LEED v4.1, the rating system is simplified. The scorecard and requirements are streamlined, and
new methodologies for tracking and rating performance are integrated directly into the rating
system, providing a clear framework for achieving LEED certification, not just for entire buildings,
but also for spaces within buildings.
A stronger environmental performance leads to economic prosperity, better of quality of life and
improved human health and well-being for all, officials said. LEED v4.1 for Building Operations
and Maintenance (O+M) will support this goal by tracking performance in energy, water, waste,
transportation, indoor air quality, toxin-free environment and occupant satisfaction.
LEED v4.1:
 Ensures that all building stakeholders – developer, property manager, occupant and the
community benefit from sustainable design, construction, operations and performance.
 Supports projects to implement sustainable and healthy building practices to realize
environmental, economic, and social and community benefits for decades to come.
 Emphasizes integrative design to ensure better design, translation of design into high quality
construction, optimize operations and high performance of a building.
 Helps buildings deliver higher quality beyond market practices by incorporating innovative
design, technologies, construction and material selection strategies.
 Focuses on both performance oriented sustainable strategies and outcomes.
 Helps buildings consume fewer resources, reduce operating costs, increase value and create
safer and healthier environments for its occupants.
 Helps buildings reduce their GHG/carbon emissions.

10
 Helps buildings use toxin free materials to deliver cleaner indoor air to improve
productivity, focus and reduce respiratory illnesses of its occupants.
 Prioritizes sustainable materials, helping manufacturers to design, produce and deliver
building materials that reduce a building’s environmental impact. LEED v4.1 also helps
manufacturers reduce energy, water, and waste during manufacturing, carbon footprint
during distribution and transportation and overall carbon emissions through the entire
production lifecycle.
3.1. LEED V4.1 O+M
The first step in launching LEED v4.1 included a version of the LEED rating system for
existing buildings. This rating system is for buildings that are fully operational and
occupied for at least one year. The project may be undergoing improvement work or little
to no construction. Must include the entire building’s gross floor area in the project.
 Existing Buildings. Existing whole buildings.

 Existing Interiors. Existing interior spaces that are contained within a portion of an existing
building. Interior spaces may serve commercial, retail or hospitality purposes.
Figure 14 LEED O + M Breakdown
3.1.1. UPDATES IN V4.1

11
 A shift from documents for documentation to data for documentation by tracking

performance in energy, water, waste, transportation, indoor air quality, toxin free
environment and occupant satisfaction
 Get certified and stay certified with data driven recertification guidance that aligns
with certification requirements
 LEED points are based on performance (score)
 For the first time applies to buildings and interior spaces
3.1.2. POINTS AND CERTIFICATION LEVEL
Certification levels remain consistent with the LEED rating system. A project team’s
Performance Score determines the level of LEED certification awarded: Performance Score
and Certification
 Levels:
 40-49 is Certified
 50-59 is Silver
 60-79 Gold
 80-100 is Platinum
Figure 15 LEED Certification standards
3.1.2.1.LEED PREREQUISITES
3.1.2.1.1. LT PREREQUISITE: TRANSPORTATION
PERFORMANCE

12
6–14 points
6–14 points
This prerequisite applies to
• Existing Buildings: Operations + Maintenance (6–14 points)
• EB:O+M Interiors (6-14 points)
• EB: O+M Interiors (6-14 points)
Intent
Intent
To reduce pollution and land development effects from
To reduce pollution and land development effects from
transportation.
transportation.
3.1.2.1.2 PREREQUISITE: WATER PERFORMANCE

6–15 points
• Existing Buildings: Operations & Maintenance (6–15 points)
Intent
To support water management and reduce water consumption.
6–15 points
• Existing Buildings: Operations & Maintenance (6–15 points)
Intent
To support water management and reduce water consumption.
3.1.2.1.2. EA PREREQUISITE: ENERGY PERFORMANCE

13–33 points
Intent
To support energy management and reduce environmental and economic
harms associated with excessive energy use by reducing greenhouse gas
emissions and achieving higher levels of operating energy performance
3.1.2.1.3 MR PREREQUISITE: WASTE PERFORMANCE

3-8 points
• Existing Buildings: Operations + Maintenance (3-8 points)
Intent

13
To track and reduce the waste that is generated by building occupants and
hauled to and disposed of in landfills and incinerators.
3.1.2.1.3. EA PREREQUISITE: INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL

QUALITY PERFORMANCE
8-20 points
• Existing Buildings: Operations + Maintenance (8-20 points)
Intent
To assess how well the building is performing for the occupants, in particular with
regards to indoor air quality and comfort.
Incinerators.
Environmental and economic harms associated with excessive energy use by reducing
greenhouse gas emissions and achieving higher levels of operating energy
performance.
3.1.2.2. LEED CREDIT

3.1.2.2.1. SS CREDIT: RAINWATER MANAGEMENT
1 point
This credit applies to
• Existing Buildings: Operations + Maintenance (1 point)
Intent
To reduce runoff volume and improve water quality by replicating the natural
hydrology and water balance of the site, based on historical conditions and
undeveloped ecosystems in the region.
3.1.2.2.2. SS CREDIT: SITE MANAGEMENT

1 point
This credit applies to
• Existing Buildings: Operations + Maintenance (1 point)
Intent

14
To provide environmentally sensitive site management practices that protect and

enhance habitat, reduce pollutants and waste, protect soils and hydrology and
reduce
Site domestic water use.
A minimum performance score of 40 should be reached for each of these 5

categories, up to 100, which will then be converted into LEED points.
In this new scoring method, 10 points have been deleted and incorporated into the
performance-based credits, thus reducing the maximum score from 110 to 100
points.
Existing projects under LEED v4.1 would need to record performance data in ARC,
a platform created by the GBCI, with 90 of the 100 points available in LEED v4.1
O+M certification accounted in the platform.
Figure 16 LEED v4.1 O+M Scorecard with highlighted performance-based credits

15
Figure 17 Points difference for LEED v4 O+M and LEED v4.1 O+M
4. ARC
Arc is a simple digital platform for all projects to
measure performance, make improvements, and
benchmark against other projects. It is designed to
be applicable to all projects including those that are
LEED certified or pursuing LEED and those that
are not. Eventually, it will also include other green
business rating systems, standards protocols and
Figure 18 ARC Online Plaform
guidelines.
Projects enter data into the platform and receive a performance score, which translates 12 months
of measured data across five categories—energy, water, waste, transportation and human
experience—into a score of 1 to 100. All registered and previously certified LEED projects have
access to Arc and may use the platform for required performance data reporting.

16
Figure 19 Arc scorecard template
4.1. Arc + Existing Buildings

Arc also enables the delivery of USGBC’s (U.S. Green Building Council) newest offering: the
performance pathway to LEED v4 O+M certification for existing buildings, with optional
precertification. This pilot uses the performance score in Arc as an alternative way to
demonstrate compliance with many LEED credit requirements in the LEED v4 O+M rating
system. The performance score, along with meeting the requirements of prerequisites,
determines a building’s LEED certification level. Teams have the option to pursue additional
credits in LEED v4 O+M that may boost their certification level.
Arc also offers an opportunity for any project that has received recognition under another green
building framework to compare itself to LEED projects. Projects that have been certified under
systems such as Green Star, BREEAM, DGNB, 3 Star, Green Mark, GRIHA, IGBC, Energy
Star and others can register and enter data to earn a performance score. These projects then have

17
a streamlined pathway to certify to LEED v4 O+M standards, if they so choose. This approach
rewards projects for innovating and trying new strategies—their score will reflect the outcomes
and high-performance standards that every LEED-certified building must achieve.
Arc facilitates connections to people and projects globally. It encourages innovation, enabling
informed decisions on building design, operations and maintenance.
4.2. STEPS FOR PERFOMANCE CALCULATION

Step 1. Setup Your Building in Arc.
The 3 most critical metrics used for your certification are:
• Gross Floor Area (not to be confused with Rentable Square Footage)
• Operating Hours
• Occupancy
Step 2. Track Your Performance.

We can manually report your data and utility bills (energy, water, and waste) directly to
Arc. This must be done annually, at a minimum, but we recommend reporting monthly so you
can track your performance and identify any unusual energy, water, or waste abnormalities.
Figure 20. Electricity performance calculator
Step 3. Perform Air Quality Testing

18
Air testing follows ASHRAE 62.1 Air Testing Protocols. You must test every floor of your
building. For floors larger than 25,000 sf, you must perform a test every 25,000 sf. For example, a
floor that is 60,000 sf would need three tests. Also, be sure that you test in the exact same spot(s)
on each floor. You will test for CO2 and VOCs.
Figure 21 Water Performance Calculator
Step 4. Take Surveys

The Human Experience (8 available credits) and Transportation (14 available credits) scores are
based directly on survey results.
The goal of the transportation category is to promote alternative transportation. Some credits are
available for collecting survey results, and some credits are available if building occupants get to
and from the building with alternative transportation.
Human experience results are based on the comfort of the building occupants. If they are satisfied
and comfortable, you receive more credits than if they are dissatisfied.
Step 5. Pursue Waste Credits

There are two routes you can take to earn up to 8 Waste credits.
The first route is performing a waste audit. This is essentially digging through all of your waste
and recyclable stream on a normal random day to calculate your diversion rate. Also, this gives
you good feedback on how much waste gets into your building’s recyclables, and how much
recyclable material gets thrown into the waste stream to be sent to the landfill or incinerator.

19
Figure 22 Waste Performance Calculator
Step 6. Document Base Score Credits

If you already have a LEED for Existing Building’s certification, you can skip this step because
your Base Score credits carry over automatically. We recommend that if you need a few extra
points to reach your desired target certification, you then pursue these Base Score credits. There
are up to 10 points or credits that you can earn in this category and are documented just like a
traditional LEED EB certification under the latest version of LEED (LEED v4).
5. CASE STUDY
5.1 INTERNATIONAL CASE STUDY
ENERGY RESOURCE CENTER - DOWNEY, CA

20
Figure 23 Energy Resource Center Downey , USA
5.1.1. PROJECT BACKGROUND

 F I R M : WLC Architects, Inc.
 T Y P E : Commercial › Exhibition Centre Showroom
Industrial › Research Facility
 S T A T U S : Built
 Y E A R : 1995
 S I Z E : 25,000 sqft - 100,000 sqft
 B U D G E T : $5M - 10M
 LAST CERTIFIED ON: May 26, 2015
 CERTIFICATION LEVEL: Platinum
The ERC is a benchmark in the progression of sustainable architecture and

environmental design. The project demonstrates how to leverage facility investments,
achieve greater energy efficiency, create rewarding workplace spaces, achieve
optimum indoor air quality, and create premium facilities which respond to the
expectations and preferences of building occupants. The basic design concepts used
in the project established many of the initial standards for green building design. The
techniques and materials used in the building feature many of the strategies for
energy-efficient lighting, cooling, and architectural design which are still relevant. The
ERC was completed before LEED standards existed, and the design achieved the
following significance.
21
Themed areas in the ERC include Air Quality, Combustion, Climate Control,
Residential New Construction, Food Service Equipment Ventilation and Baking Lab,
ISO 17025 Certified Food Service Testing Lab, Water Heating Demonstration Lab.
Natural Daylighting, Natural Gas Vehicles and Energy Smart Landscaping.
Customers can receive technical assistance, environmental and conservation
information, resources and guidance.
For example, the full commercial boasts

more than 150 pieces of energy-efficient
appliances. Chefs, restaurant owners
and facility mangers can test their
recipes and compare new, energy-
efficient food service equipment in the
state-of-the-art facility.
Figure 24 Interiors full with energy efficiency appliances
5.1.2 PROJECT APPROACH
The developers preserve and minimize the use of natural resources by decreasing
consumption, reusing materials, recycling, incorporating products that contain post-
consumer recycled content and sustainable sourcing that does not threaten fragile
ecosystems.
"Reducing energy used on site, saves energy at the source."
It's typically cheaper to invest in energy-saving strategies than to invest in new power
production. Saving one unit of electricity avoids burning three units of energy at the power
plant. In addition to costs, saving energy reduces resource consumption and pollution.
This recycled building project cost much less to build than a typically constructed, similar
type building, thanks to the use of recycled and repurposed building materials. When

22
these costs are amortized over the building life cycle, and energy savings calculated, the
cost benefits are even greater.
The ERC is designed to optimize energy efficiency while maintaining a high-quality, high-
performance space. This is achieved through careful integration of lighting, heating,
cooling, insulation and energy management control systems.
 It uses 40.7 percent less water than other commercial buildings its size (outdoors)
 And uses 38.3 percent less water (indoors)
 Requires 51.39 percent less energy than the national average of a building its size
 Sixty percent of our employees use energy-efficient transportation including bikes,
low-emission vehicles and carpooling.
5.1.3 ENERGY EFFICIENCY
The 44,572-square-foot building, located in Downey, was designed by recycling an

existing 1957 SoCalGas® building complex.
Only about one-third was demolished – replaced with a 12,572-sq.ft., two-story addition.
Most of the demolition materials went back into the new construction (550 tons demolished
and sorted, 350 tons reused).
80%
Project’s materials are recycled, reclaimed,
contain recycled content, or are from
renewable resources.
Figure 25 Use of recycled and Reclaimed Materials

23
Figure 26 Schematic Drawings
5.1.4 INNOVATION IN HEATING, COOLING AND LIGHTING
The largest percentage of energy use in buildings is related to heating/cooling and lighting.
Design techniques and building technologies of the ERC work together to minimize

24
heating and cooling requirements, maximize the use of natural daylight and maintain
healthful indoor air quality.
"We’ve reduced the building's cooling energy needs by 54 percent."
 While most buildings use only one type of heating and cooling system, the ERC
uses both natural gas and electric systems to maximize efficiency and lower energy
costs.
 An automated energy management system monitors all major building systems and
adjusts them for optimum efficiency.
 We’ve reduced the building's cooling energy needs by 54 percent.
 On full sunny days, natural lighting reduces electrical lighting needs by as much as
80 percent.
 Three skylights in the main ERC first-floor

corridor incorporate a sun-tracking system
that uses mirrors, reflective light ducts and
efficient diffusing lenses to create a
technologically advanced interior lighting
system for daytime use.
Figure 27 Skylights
 Lighting requirements were reduced by 40 percent through daylighting strategies

(skylights and translucent window walls), energy efficient light bulbs, and monitor
and sensing devices.
5.1.5 MORE ENERGY-SAVING FEATURES IN THE ERC
 We replaced the water-thirsty landscaping with California native plants, drip

irrigation and bio swales to divert rain water back into the soil.

25
Figure 28 low-e windows reduced heating and air conditioning needs.
 Insulation, caulking’s and sealers, roof coatings and low-e windows reduced
heating and air conditioning needs.
 One third of the ERC’s roof membrane was mechanically fastened, eliminating the
need for heat equipment, hot asphalt, and toxic adhesives and sealants. A highly
reflective white roof coating reduces heat absorption between 10 and 40 percent,
which dramatically decreases air conditioning requirements. This low-maintenance
roof is highly resistant to extreme temperatures, puncture and oxidation.
5.1.7. REUSE, RECYCLE, REPURPOSE
Hundreds of tons of construction and demolition materials were recycled and reused,
including concrete, roofing materials, asphalt, and metal, ceiling tiles, wood flooring,
electrical equipment and mechanical systems. Here are a few creative examples:
 Weapons confiscated by the L.A. County Sheriff's Department were melted, and a
portion of the steel was used to manufacture rebar for the structural concrete.
 A steel stairway and cable tray assemblies were recovered from a Warner Bros.
film set and installed in the ERC.
 Douglas fir beams and posts from a former Banana Republic warehouse in San
Francisco (built in the 1880s and condemned after the Loma Prieta earthquake)
now make up the beautiful ERC lobby floor (and installed with nontoxic adhesives).
26
"Stoneware flooring tiles contain about 70 post-consumer waste glass"
 Building designers avoided selecting materials that "off-gas" harmful chemicals.

Low and nontoxic products used include paint, caulking, floor sealers, carpet
adhesives and carpet tiles. In addition, wherever practical, natural finishes were
used.
 Carpet tiles are made with face fibres containing 35 percent recycled, post-
individual nylon. We have an unprecedented partnership with Interface, a major
carpet tile manufacturer, for “complete loop recycling.” When the carpet becomes
stained and worn, they will ship it to a recycling center to be made into new
carpeting or used as an energy source, a preferable alternative to landfilling. Carpet
backing can be reused as a filler for more backing.
 Stoneware flooring tiles contain about 70 post-consumer waste glass – some mined
from landfills.
 Sisal, a durable fabric made from recycled tropical plants, is used as wall coverings.
 Surplus scraps of yellow plastic pipe we use to transport natural gas were chopped
up and added to the concrete mix in the ERC's entry walkway to provide a unique
design and color.
Recycled two-liter plastic soda bottles

make up nearly half of the fibres for the
fabric on our office partition panels.
Figure 29 Office partitions from recycled bottles
 A wall veneer made entirely of surplus aircraft aluminium, previously intended for
the manufacturing of military aircraft, makes a strong statement in the ERC's lobby.

27
The lobby reception countertop is made

entirely of recycled tempered glass
(reclaimed from commercial building
windows). The glass was rendered into
highly decorative, opaque, pale blue-green
glass panels with a curved shape that
mirrors the SoCalGas logo flame.
Figure 30.Reception Countertop made of recycled glass

28

29
Figure 31Scorecard for Downey energy resource centre
5.2 NATIONAL CASE STUDY
DHARAMPAL SATYAPAL LIMITED - DS HQ Noida

30
5.2.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND

 T Y P E : Commercial › Office(Similar to 40% of LEED activities)
 S T AT U S : Built
 Y E AR : 1995
 S I Z E : 507951 sqft(2% of LEED activities are within ±10% (457,155 - 558,746) of this
activity in gross square feet)
 LAST CERTIFIED ON: May 24, 2019
 CERTIFICATION LEVEL: Platinum
Figure 32. DS headquarters
5.2.2 PROJECT APPROACH
DS Group illustrates various aspects of its Sustainable Development journey

comprising of governance, risks and opportunities, strategy, performance, key
highlights and achievements, qualitative and quantitative data on various
economic, environmental and social aspects.
Water Conservation is a key focus area of DS Group’s CSR agenda. The Group
has been working on a wide range of Water Conservation programs to address
the shortage of water and improve the water security in areas that have been
identified as critical. Through collective and consistent efforts, the Group is

31
working towards alleviating water scarcity problems affecting the lives of people,
farmers and communities.
5.2.3 ENERGY EFFICIENCY
The Factory and Office complex takes a holistic approach to architectural design by
integrating energy conservation, occupant participation and economic performance
as part of the building life-cycle to make it truly sustainable.
Figure 33 DS Headquarters Landscaping
A green roof scape composed of staggered undulating berms dominates the site -
nothing is more welcoming than lush greenery in the harsh climate of the plains of
north India.

32
Figure 34 .DS headquarters Elevation
• Twenty-six percent of the DS HQ site is devoted to native vegetation. The building

also has nine rain water harvesting pits, and open grid pavers are used to reduce
the storm water run-off from site and improve water quality.
 Energy Efficiency: 184 kW roof top solar power plants supply 6.5% of the
building’s total energy use.
Figure 35 Solar Panels installed on the roof
 Energy efficiency IE3 motors are installed at AHU’s and pumps. An

automatic tube cleaning system is installed at the chiller plant, which

33
increases heat transfer between refrigerant and water—thereby reducing the

load on the compressor.
 Energy efficient LED lighting reduces energy consumption and lighting, and
occupancy sensors for lighting control further reduces energy consumption.
Exterior lighting fixtures are

angled downward to lessen
impacts to nocturnal wildlife
species movement in the sky.
Exterior maintenance is
completed using 100% manual
and electric equipment
Figure 36. Lighting in the lobby
Natural light illuminates more

than 50% of regularly occupied
areas, and more than 50% of
occupants have outdoor view.
Figure 37. Increased use of Natural lighting increases daylight hours
5.2.4 WATER CONSERVATION

34
The project employs water

aerators, dual flush water
closet and water efficient
urinals to lower water
consumption by 32% from
UPC/IPC standard
(Uniform/International
plumbing code).
Figure 38.Most of the water is reused on site
 A waste water treatment (STP) plant was installed on site to treat sewage waste
water, and treated water is used for cooling and irrigation.
 Chemically analysing the make-up of water allows for optimal cycles. Providing
proper chemical management and using non-potable water for the building’s
cooling tower reduces potable water demand
5.2.5 WASTE REDUCTION
 The office uses a sustainable waste management program to reduce, re-

use and recycle, and to ensure proper management for hazardous waste.
Indoor Environmental Quality
 To improve indoor air quality, fresh air is provided for all occupied space,
using a fine filtration system.
 The building’s custodial process uses all Green Seal certified cleaners,
which reduce environmental impact
5.2.6 LEED SCORECARD

35

36

37
Figure 39.LEED Scorecard
6.0 CASE STUDY: RESIDENCE
LOCATION: 4, Professors colony, Shahjahanpur , U.P
BUILDING TYPE: Single family home
TOTAL FLOORS: 2
NO. OF RESIDENTS: 3
AREA: 180SQM
6.1. LOCATION
The residence is located at Professors colony in shahjahanpur , a tier 3 city in the state of Uttar
Pradesh.
Figure 40 Shahjahanpur

38
Figure 41 Home and locality
6.2. CLIMATE
The climate of Shahjahanpur (U.P.) is primarily defined as humid subtropical with dry
winter (CWa) type with parts of Western U.P. as semi-arid (BS) type. Alternatively, some
authors refer to it as tropical monsoon. Variations do exist in different parts of the large state,
however the uniformity of the vast Indo-Gangetic Plain forming bulk of the state gives a
predominantly single climatic pattern to the state with minor regional variations. U.P. has a
climate of extremes. With temperatures fluctuating anywhere from 0 °C to 50 °C in several
parts of the state and cyclical droughts and floods due to unpredictable rains, the summers are
extremely hot, winters cold and rainy season can be either very wet or very dry.

39
Figure 42. Shahjahanpur climate
6.3. ABOUT THE RESIDENCE
 The residence is built in the tier 3 city of shahjahanpur in a medium density area of
Professors colony. It is a duplex house with three residents
 The living and dining spaces are on the South-West, which allows for the southern
winter sun to penetrate the house in cold winters.

40
Figure 43. The Residence
Figure 44 . Front Lawn
 The living and dining spaces are on the South-West, which allows for the southern
winter sun to penetrate the house in cold winters.

41
 The area of residence is 200 sqm which combines of both the house and the lawn(30
sqm). The house utilizes the maximum permissible built-up area.
 Bedrooms are on East-West face with each having openings on at least 1 wall for
natural cross-ventilation. Small lawn and an open backyard is provided in the house.
 The Blue on the front facade is supported and complemented by small green lemon
trees.
6.3.1. ORIENTATION
Figure 45. Orientation Of site
The house has its front on South East and has a main wide road in front of it and at the
back side (North West) it has an open backyard with an adjoining backyard of the
neighbour which makes it open from both front and the back. So the residence is opened
on 2 sides, subjecting to views of park and street. The best light (from the south
quadrant) and the best views also concur in the same zone

42
6.3.2 LIGHT INTENSITY MAPPING
6.3.2.1 INTENSITY AT 9:00 AM
6.3.2.2 INTENSITY AT 12:00 PM
6.3.2.3 INTENSITY AT 9:00 PM

43
6.4. PERFORMANCE OF OWN RESIDENCE UNDER THE FIVE

CATEGORIES OF ARC
SPACE TYPE: SINGLE FAMILY HOME
YEAR BUILT: 1995
6.4.1. BUILDING SETTING
Figure 46 Occupancy Data table

44
Figure 47 Visitor Information.
SUMMARY BUILDING SETTING
Figure 48. Building setting Summary
6.4.2. ENERGY
6.4.2.1. ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION

45
Figure 49. Electricity consumption
6.4.2.2 CURRENT ENERGY SCORE
Figure 50. Current energy score

46
6.4.2.3. MONTHLY AVERAGE ARC ENERGY SCORE
Figure 51 Monthly average arc energy score
6.4.2.4. TOTAL ELECTRICTY CONSUMPTION
Figure 52.Total energy consumption
6.4.3 WASTE
6.4.3.1 WASTE DATA

47
Figure 53. Waste Data
6.4.3.2 CURRENT WASTE SCORE
Figure 54.Waste Score
6.4.3.3 MONTHLY AVERAGE ARC WASTE SCORE
Figure 55.Monthly average arc waste score

48
6.4.3.4 WASTE GENERATED
Figure 56.Waste Generated
6.4.3.4 WASTE DIVERTED
Figure 57. Waste Diverted

49
6.4.4 WATER
6.4.4.1. WATER CONSUMPTION
Figure 58.Water consumption
6.4.4.2. CURRENT WATER SCORE
Figure 59.Current Water Score

50
6.4.4.3. MONTHLY AVERAGE ARC WATER SCORE
Figure 60.Monthly average arc water score
6.4.4.4. TOTAL WATER CONSUMPTION
Figure 61.Total Water Consumption
6.4.5. TRANSPORTATION
6.4.5.1. CURRENT TRANSPORTATION SCORE

51
Figure 62 Current transportation score
6.4.5.2. TRANSPORT SURVEY
Figure 63.Transportation Survey
6.4.6. HUMAN EXPERIENCE
6.4.6.1. CURRENT HUMAN EXPERIENCE SCORE
Figure 64.Human experience score

52
6.4.6.2. OCCUPANT SATISFACTION
Figure 65. Avg. Occupant satisfaction from Mar 06, 2020 to Mar 05 2021
6.4.6.3. SATISFACTION DETAILS
Figure 66. Satisfaction Details
6.4.7 OVERALL PERFOMANCE SCORE
Figure 67.Overall performance score

53
6.4.7.1. CURRENT ARC SCORE
Figure 68.Current overall arc Score
Figure 69.Graphic view of arc score

54
6.5 PERFORMANCE OF RESIDENCE UNDER LEED V4.1
O&M
6.5.1 TRANSPORTATION PERFORMANCE
6.5.1.1 TRANSPORTATION SURVEY
OCCUPANT ROUTE COMMUTING DISTANCE
TRANSPORTATION TRAVELLED
MODE (miles)
1 Route 1: Office Motorcycle 2.85
2 Route 2: Market Rickshaw 2.17
3 Route 3: Market Motorcycle 1.86
Route 4: Park Walk 0.31
Figure 70. Transportation survey for O and M
6.5.1.2 CO2 EMISSION
Figure 71.CO2e values for a one-way trip, for each mode of transition
CO2e for route (lbs.) = (CO2e lbs./mile) * distance travelled in miles
 CO2e for route 1 (lbs.) = 0.26 x 2.85 = 0.741

 CO2e for route 2 (lbs.) = 0.44 x 2.17 = 0.954 lbs
 CO2e for route 3 (lbs.) = 0.26 x 1.86 = 0.483 lbs

55
 CO2e for route 4 (lbs.) = 0 x 2.11 = 0 lbs

6.5.1.3 CO2 EMISSION FOR INDIVIDUAL OCCUPANT
CO2e for individual occupant (lbs.) = (∑ CO2e for route) / # routes
 CO2e for individual occupant 1 (lbs.) = 0.74/1 = 0.74

 CO2e for individual occupant 2 (lbs.) = 0.48/1 = 0.48
 CO2e for individual occupant 3 (lbs.) = (0+ 0.483) / 2 = 0.98 lbs
6.5.1.4 PROJECT AVERAGE CO2 EMISSION

Project CO2e per one-way trip per occupant (lbs.) = (∑ CO2e for individual
occupant) / # occupants in survey
Project CO2e per one-way trip per occupant (lbs.) = (0.74+0.48+0.98) / 3

= 2.2/ 3 = 0.73 lbs.
6.5.1.5 TRANSPORTATION SCORE
Transportation Performance score : 98

56
6.5.2 WATER PERFORMANCE
Figure 72.Building setting
6.5.2.1 ANNUAL WATER CONSUMPTION
Figure 73.Annual water Consumption
6.5.2.2 ADJUSTED DAILY WATER CONSUMPTION

Adjusted daily water consumption = annual water consumption * operating
hours adjustment factor / 365 days
Adjusted daily water consumption = 186000 L X 32 / 365 days = 16182
6.5.2.3 DAILY WATER CONSUMPTION PER OCCUPANT
Adjusted daily water consumption per occupant = daily water consumption /
weighted occupancy
Adjusted daily water consumption per occupant = 16182/ 28 = 577.9
6.5.2.4 DAILY WATER CONSUMPTION PER FLOOR AREA

Adjusted daily water consumption per floor area = daily water consumption
/ gross floor area
Adjusted daily water consumption per floor area = 16182 / 200 = 80.91
6.5.2.5 WATER PERFORMANCE SCORE

57
6.5.3 WASTE PERFOMANCE
Figure 74.Waste Performance
6.5.3.1 AVERAGE DAILY WASTE GENERATED

Average daily waste generated (lbs) = (waste generated / # days associated
with waste total) / occupancy
Average daily waste generated = (123.8/90) / 3 = 0.458
6.5.3.2 DAILY WASTE DIVERTED PER OCCUPANT

Daily waste diverted per occupant = (waste diverted / # days associated with
waste total) / occupancy
Daily waste diverted per occupant = (57.5 /90) / 3 = 0.21
6.5.3.3 DAILY UNDIVERTED WASTE PER OCCUPANT

Daily undiverted waste per occupant = daily waste generated per occupant–
daily waste diverted per occupant
Daily undiverted waste per occupant = 0.46-0.26= 0.20
6.5.3.4 MINIMUM INDOOR AIR QUALITY

6.5.3.4.1 MINIMUM OUTDOOR AIR RATE

58
Minimum outdoor air rate in L/s = 0.3 L/s*m2 x gross building area (in
m2) + people outdoor air rate from Table 1 (L/s per person) x building
occupancy
Minimum outdoor air rate in L/s = 0.3 L/s*m2 x 200 + 5 x 3

= 60 + 15 = 75 L/s
6.5.4 INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY PERFORMANCE

6.5.4.1 OCCUPANT SATISFACTION SURVEY
OCCUPANT OCCUPANTS SATISFACATION
1 90
2 80
3 80
Figure 75.Occupant Satisfaction survey data
Average = 250/3 = 83.3
6.5.4.2 OCCUPANT SATISFACTION SCORE

Occupant satisfaction score = (Average occupant satisfaction level x 10) -
variance in occupant satisfaction level
Figure 76 Variance formula
Variance in occupant satisfaction level = ( (90-83.3)^2 + (80-83.3)^2 + (80-

83.3)^2 )/ 3 = (44.89 + 10.89 + 10.89 )/3 =116.77 /3 = 22.22
Occupant satisfaction score = (83.3 X 10) – 22.22

= 833- 22.22 = 810.78

59
7.0 STRATEGIES FOR PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT
7.1 ENERGY PERFORMANCE
 Adding more windows for better daylighting

Since the site has more potential pf catching daylight therefore it should be utilized up to
maximum by adding wider and better quality windows which will reduce the load on
artificial lighting even more.
 Buying energy rated appliances and fixtures

Use of high-performance, energy-efficient systems and equipment (preferably over 2.5 stars
energy rating) reduce the usage of electricity quite significantly.
E.g. An Energy Star certified fridge, will use 30% to 65% less energy than a typical non-
certified model, depending on its use
7.2 Water Performance

 Harvesting rain water from rooftop
The site has enough open space, both at the front and at the back to collect rainwater which
can be used in washing floor, watering plants etc.
 Dual flush toilet

Installing a dual flush or low flow toilet or put a conversion kit on existing toilet.
 Timely Watering plants

Water outdoor plants in the early morning or at the end of the day to stop water
immediately evaporating in sunlight and heat. Water the soil so that the liquid goes straight
to the roots, where it’s needed.
7.3 Waste Performance

 Reusing Plastic
Reuse plastic waste like bottles to make flower pots etc.
 Composting
Using wet wastes like leftover foods, vegetables, peels etc for composting and making
manure for the plants.
8.0 CONCLUSION
The Green building approach is both economically and physically (health) viable that needs to be
implemented more and more. LEED is one of the modes which can direct a particular project
towards the green building goals and make infrastructure development possible with mminimum
environmental impact. The approach has to be holistic, including construction process , material
selection , environmentally conscious planning and also occupant activity based.
Through educating, making environmentally products more readily accessible and reliable, and by
providing government incentives it is possible to encourage more people to adopt green building
and all of the benefits that come along with.

60
LEED is an approach that not only holds good for future endeavors but also identifies the potential
of Existing buildings and how they can enhance their environmental performance. Many older
buildings around the world are inefficient and resource-depleting. With some keen attention to
building operations, that can be turned around drastically by using LEED for Building Operations
and Maintenance (LEED O+M).
LEED helps building owners and managers solve building problems, improve building
performance, and keep maintaining and improving this performance over time. LEED reduces cost
streams associated with building operations, reduces environmental impacts, creates healthier and
more productive employee workspaces, and provides public recognition for leadership in
sustainability. The majority of requirements for LEED for Existing Building certification are
operations and maintenance best practices. LEED for Existing Buildings: Operations &
Maintenance encourages owners and operators of existing buildings to implement sustainable
practices and reduce the environmental impacts of their building over their functional life cycles.

61

62

Leed Report Suhaib

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Leed Report Suhaib

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

1.

According to world green building council; A ‘green’ building is

Green building is a resource-efficient method of construction that produces healthier buildings

 Efficiently using energy, water and other resources.

1.2. GOALS OF GREEN BUILDING

Figure 2 Goals of green Buildings

1.2.1. To Minimize Wastage of Water and Energy

LEED Lab Report Syed Suhaib Hasan B.Arch. IV Year 2020-2021

1.2.2. To Conserves Natural Resources

1.2.3. Enhance Air and Water Quality

1.2.4. Protect Biodiversity and Ecosystems

1.2.5. Minimize Costs and Maximize Value

1.2.6. Minimizes Strain on Local Infrastructure

LEED Lab Report Syed Suhaib Hasan B.Arch. IV Year 2020-2021

1.3. BENEFITS OF GREEN BUILDING

Figure 3 Benefits of green buildings

AVERAGE SAVINGS OF GREEN

Figure 4 Average Savings of Green Building

1.4. RELEVANCE OF BUILDING RATING SYSTEM

LEED Lab Report Syed Suhaib Hasan B.Arch. IV Year 2020-2021

Figure 5 IGBC Logo Figure 6 GRIHA logo Figure 7 ECBC Book

LEED Lab Report Syed Suhaib Hasan B.Arch. IV Year 2020-2021

Figure 8 BREEAM Logo Figure 9 GREEN STAR Logo

In 2000, the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC)

Figure 10 USGBC logo

Figure 11 Rating Systems Around the world

The rating system is based on four major components.

LEED Lab Report Syed Suhaib Hasan B.Arch. IV Year 2020-2021

 CATEGORIES: These form a specific set of items relating to the environmental

LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) is an

LEED Lab Report Syed Suhaib Hasan B.Arch. IV Year 2020-2021

 Materials and Resources,

 Indoor Environmental Quality.

Figure 13 LEED focus points

2.1. LEED RATING SYSTEM

2.1.1. BD+C: Building Design and Construction

 LEED for New Construction

For complete interior fit-out projects. Includes:

 LEED for Commercial Interiors

2.1.2. O+M: Building Operations and Maintenance

 LEED for Existing Buildings: Operations & Maintenance

2.1.5. Cities and Communities

2.1.6. LEED Recertification

LEED Lab Report Syed Suhaib Hasan B.Arch. IV Year 2020-2021

2.1.7. LEED Zero

LEED Lab Report Syed Suhaib Hasan B.Arch. IV Year 2020-2021

3.1. LEED V4.1 O+M

 Existing Buildings. Existing whole buildings.

Figure 14 LEED O + M Breakdown

3.1.1. UPDATES IN V4.1

LEED Lab Report Syed Suhaib Hasan B.Arch. IV Year 2020-2021

 A shift from documents for documentation to data for documentation by tracking

3.1.2. POINTS AND CERTIFICATION LEVEL

Figure 15 LEED Certification standards

LEED Lab Report Syed Suhaib Hasan B.Arch. IV Year 2020-2021

3.1.2.1.2 PREREQUISITE: WATER PERFORMANCE

3.1.2.1.2. EA PREREQUISITE: ENERGY PERFORMANCE

3.1.2.1.3 MR PREREQUISITE: WASTE PERFORMANCE

LEED Lab Report Syed Suhaib Hasan B.Arch. IV Year 2020-2021

3.1.2.1.3. EA PREREQUISITE: INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL

3.1.2.2. LEED CREDIT

3.1.2.2.2. SS CREDIT: SITE MANAGEMENT

LEED Lab Report Syed Suhaib Hasan B.Arch. IV Year 2020-2021

To provide environmentally sensitive site management practices that protect and