வேத காலம்

வேத காலம்

`ug;gh gz;ghl;bd; efuq;fs; fp.K.1500 Mk; Mz;Lthf;fpy; mope;jd. mtHfsJ nghUshjhu>

Ml;rpaikg;G KiwfSk; மெல்ல mopaj; njhlq;fpd. ,f;fhyj;jpy;jhd; ,e;Njh – Mhpa nkhopahd
tlnkhop NgRgtHfs; ,e;Njh - <uhdpag; gFjpapypUe;J tlNkw;F ,e;jpahtpw;Fs; Eioe;jdH.
njhlf;fj;jpy; tlNkw;F kiyfspypUe;j fztha;fs; topahf Fiwe;j vz;zpf;ifapyhd kf;fNs
te;jpUf;ff;$Lk;. tlNkw;F rkntspfspYk;> gQ;rhg; rkntspfspYk; mtHfs; jq;fs; Muk;gfhy
FbapUg;Gfis mikj;Jf; nfhz;ldH. gpd;dH> mtHfs; ,e;Njh – fq;ifr; rkntsppf;F ,lk;
ngaHe;jdH. fhy;eilfis tsHf;Fk; $l;lj;jtHfshf mtHfs; ,Ue;jikahy; gRikahd
Gy;ntspfis mtHfs; Njbr; nrd;w tz;zk; ,Ue;jdH. fp.K.Mwhk; E}w;whz;Lthf;fpy; mtHfs; tl
,e;jpah KOtijAk; Mf;ukpj;Jf; nfhz;ldH. vdNt> tl,e;jpah MhpatHj;jk; vd miof;fg;gl;lJ.
Ntjfhyj;ij hpf;Ntj fhyk; my;yJ Ke;ija Ntjfhyk; (fp.K.1500 – fp.K.1000) vd;Wk; gpe;ija
Ntjfhyk; (fp.K.1000 – fp.K.600) vd;Wk; ,uz;L gphpTfshfg; gphpf;fyhk;.

MhpaHfspd; G+HtPfk;

 MhpaHfspd; G+Htpfk; vd;gJ tpthjj;Jf;Fhpa nghUshFk;. ,Jgw;wp gy;NtW fUj;Jf;fs;

epyTfpd;wd. gy;NtW mwpQHfs; ntt;NtW gFjpfis MhpaHfspd; G+HtPfkhf Fwpg;gpLfpd;;wdH.

 Mh;f;bf; gFjp> n[Hkdp> kj;jpa Mrpah> njw;F u\;ah Nghd;w gFjpfs; mtHfsJ G+HtPfkhf
fUjg;gLfpd;wd. ghyfq;fhjhu jpyfH thdtpay; fzf;Ffis Mjhukhff; nfhz;;L MhpaHfs;
MHf;bf; gFjpapypUe;J te;jtHfs; vd thjpLfpwhH.

 ,Ug;gpDk;> njw;F u\pag;gFjpNa MhpaHfspd; ,Ug;gplk; vd;w fUj;Nj Vw;fj;jf;fjhf cs;sJ.

tuyhw;whrphpaHfs; ngUk;ghYk; ,f;fUj;ij Mjhpf;fpd;wdH.

 mq;fpUe;J MhpaHfs; Mrpah> INuhg;gh Mfpa gy;NtW gFjpfSf;F ,lk; ngaHe;jpUf;ff;$Lk;.

fp.K.1500 Mk; Mz;Lthf;fpy; mtHfs; ,e;jpahtpw;Fs; Eioe;jdH.

 ,e;Njh – MhpaHfs; vd mtHfis miof;fpNwhk;. ,e;Njh – Mhpa nkhopahd tlnkhopia

mtHfs; Ngrpte;jdH.

Ntj ,yf;fpaq;fs;

 „tpj;‟ vd;w NtHr; nrhy;ypypUe;J „Ntjk;‟ vd;w nrhy; gpwe;jJ. mjw;F „mwpjy;‟ vd;W nghUs;. Ntjk;
vd;why; “caHthd mwpT” vd;Wk; nghUs; $wyhk;.

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 வேத காலம்

 Ntjq;fs; ehd;F – hpf;> a[_H> rhk> mjHt. ,e;j ehd;fpYk; hpf;Ntjk; goikahdJ. mjpy; 1028
ghly;fs; cs;sd.

 gy;NtW flTisg; Gfo;e;J ,e;j ghly;fs; Gidag;gl;bUf;fpd;wd. rlq;Ffspd;NghJ

gpd;gw;wg;gLtjw;fhf gy;NtW tptuq;fs; a[_H Ntjj;jpy; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ.

 rlq;fpd;NghJ ,irg;gjw;fhfNt ,aw;wg;gl;lJ rhk Ntjk;. ,jpypUe;Nj ,e;jpa ,ir Njhd;wpajhff;

fUjg;gLfpwJ. gy;NtW rlq;Ffs;gw;wp mjHt Ntjk; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

 ehd;F Ntjq;fs; jtpu> gpuhkzq;fs;> cgepljq;fs;> Muz;afq;fs;> kw;Wk; ,jpfhrq;fshd

,uhkhazk;> kfhghujk; Nghd;w rka ,yf;fpaq;fSk; cs;sd.

 topghL kw;Wk; Nts;tpfs; Fwpj;j tpsf;fq;fs;; gpuhkzq;fspy; $wg;gl;Ls;sd. Md;kh> gpuk;kk;>

cyfpd; Njhw;wk;> ,aw;ifapd; Ghpahj GjpHfs; Nghd;w jj;Jt tpsf;fq;fisf; $WtJ
cgepljq;fs;.

 fhl;L ,yf;fpak; vdf; $wg;gLk; Muz;aq;fs; ke;jpuk;> Nts;tp> gypapLjy; Nghd;wtw;iw $WfpwJ.
,uhkhazj;ij thy;kPfpAk; kfhghujj;ij Ntj tpahrUk; ,aw;wpdH.

Hpf;Ntj fhyk; (my;yJ) Ke;ija Ntjfhyk; (fp.K. 1500 fp.K. 1000)

 Hpf; Ntj fhyj;jpy;> MhpaHfs; ngUk;ghYk; rpe;Jg; gFjpapNyNa tho;e;jdH. hpf; Ntjj;jpy; „rg;j
rpe;J‟ my;yJ VO ejpfs;ghAk; gFjp vd;;w Fwpg;G tUfpwJ.

 gQ;rhgpy; ghAk; [Pyk;> rPdhg;> uhtp> gpaha;> rl;y[; vd;W Ie;J ejpfNshL rpe;J kw;Wk; ru];tjp
Mfpa VO ejpfisNa ,J Fwpf;fpwJ.

 hpf; Ntjg; ghly;fspypUe;J hpf;Ntjfhy kf;fspd; murpay;> r%f gz;ghl;L tho;f;if Kiwfis
mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;.

Hpf;Ntj fhy murpay;

 Fyk; my;yJ FLk;gk; vd;gNj hpf; Ntjfhy murpaYf;F mbg;gilahf ,Ue;jJ. gy FLk;gq;fs;
,ize;J fpuhkk; cUthapw;W.

 fpuhkj;jpd; jiytH fpuhkzp vdg;gl;lhH. gy fpuhkq;fs; ,ize;J tpR vd;w mikg;G Njhd;wpaJ.
,jd; jiytH „tp\agjp‟. kpfg;nghpa murpay; xUq;fpizg;G „[d‟ vdg;gl;lJ.

 hpf;Ntj fhyj;jpy; gujHfs;> kj;r;aHfs;> aJf;fs;> GUf;fs; Nghd;w gy;NtW mur Fyq;fs; ,Ue;jd.
murpd; jiytd; uh[d;.

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 வேத காலம்

 hpf;Ntj fhyj;jpy;; ngUk;ghYk; Kbahl;rp KiwNa tof;fpypUe;jJ. guk;giu thhpR KiwNa

gpd;gw;wg;gl;lJ.

 epHthfj;jpy; murDf;F cjtpahf GNuhfpjUk;. Nrdhdp vd;w gilj;jsgjpAk; ,Ue;jdH. rgh> rkpjp
vd;w ,uz;L Gfo;tha;e;j mitfSk; ,Ue;jd.

 rgh vd;gJ CHg;nghpNahH mlq;fpa mitahfTk;> rkpjp vd;gJ nghJ kf;fspd; gpujpepjpfisf;
nfhz;l mitahfTk; tpsq;fpd.

r%f tho;f;if

 je;ij topia mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lNj hpf;Ntj fhy r%fk;. r%fj;jpd; mbg;gilahf

tpsq;fpaJ fpu`k; my;yJ FLk;gk;.

 FLk;gj;jpd; jiytH fpu`gjp. nghJthf xUjhu kzk; tof;fpypUe;jJ. mur kw;Wk; caH
FbapdhpilNa gyjhu kzKk; eilKiwapy;; ,Ue;jJ.

 ,y;yg; nghWg;Gfis ftdpj;J te;j kidtp Kf;fpa rlq;FfspYk; gq;nfLj;Jf; nfhs;tJ tof;fk;.
Mz;fSf;F ,izahf ngz;fSf;Fk; Md;kPfk; kw;Wk; mwpthw;wy; tsHr;rpapy; rk tha;g;Gfs;;
toq;fg;gl;ld.

 mgyh> tp];tthuh> Nfhrh> NyhgKj;uh Nghd;w ngz; ftpQHfSk; hpf;Ntj fhyj;jpy; tho;e;jdH.
nghJ mitfspYk; ngz;fs; gq;nfLj;Jf; nfhz;ldH. rpwhH kzNkh cld;fl;ilNaWk; „rjp‟
tof;fNkh hpf;Ntj fhyj;jpy; ,y;iy vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

 gUj;jp kw;Wk; fk;gspahyhd Milfis Mz; ngz; ,UghyUk; mzpe;jdH. ,UghyUk; gy;NtW
tifapyhd Mguzq;fis mzpe;jdH.

 NfhJik> ghHyp> ghy;> japH> nea;> fha;fwpfs;> fdpfs; Nghd;wit Kf;fpa czTg; nghUl;fshFk;.
gR Gdpj tpyq;fhf fUjg;gl;ljhy; gR ,iwr;rp cz;gjw;F jilapUe;jJ.

 NjNuhl;lg; Nghl;b> FjpiuNahl;lk;> rJuq;fk;> ,ir> eldk; Nghd;wit mtHfsJ ,dpa

nghOJNghf;Ffs;. Gpe;jpa Ntj fhyj;jpy; ,Ue;jijg;Nghy; hpf;Ntjfhy r%fj;jpy; gphpTfs; kpfTk;
fLikahdjhf ,Uf;ftpy;iy.

nghUshjhu epiyik

 Nka;r;ry; epy kf;fshf tpsq;fpa hpf;Ntj fhykf;fspd; Kf;fpaj; njhopy; fhy;eil tsHg;ghFk;.
fhy;eilfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;Nl mtHfsJ nry;tk; kjpg;gplg;gl;lJ.

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 வேத காலம்

 tl,e;jpahtpy; mtHfs; epiyahfj; jq;fp thoj; njhlq;fpa gpd;dH Ntshz; njhopiy

Nkw;nfhz;ldH. ,Uk;gpd; gaid ed;FzHe;jpUe;j mtHfshy; ntF vspjhf fhLfis jpUj;jp
gutyhd tpisepyq;fis cUthf;f Kbe;jJ.

 kw;nwhU Kf;;fpaj; njhopy; jr;RNtiy. fhLfis mopf;Fk;NghJ fpilj;j Vuhskhd kuq;fshy;

,j;njhopy; nghpJk; gad;ngw;wJ. NjHfsl> fyg;igfs; Nghd;wtw;iw jr;rHfs; cw;gj;jp nra;jdH.

 cNyhff; fiyQHfs; nrk;G> ntz;fyk; kw;Wk; ,Uk;ghyhd gy;NtW nghUl;fis cw;gj;jp

nra;jdH. E}y; E}w;wy; kw;nwhU Kf;fpa njhopyhFk;. gUj;jp kw;Wk; fk;gsp Milfs; cw;gj;jp
nra;ag;gl;ld.

 nghw;nfhy;yHfs; Mguzq;fisAk;> FatHfs;; tPl;L cgNahfj;jpw;fhd kl;ghz;lq;fisAk; cw;gj;jp

nra;jdH.

 tzpfk; kpfKf;fpa nghUshjhu eltbf;ifahFk;. ejpfs; Nghf;Ftuj;Jf;F nghpJk; cjtpd.

gz;lkhw;W KiwapNyNa tzpfk; eilngw;wJ.

 fhyg;Nghf;fpy; „ep\;fk;‟ vd;w jq;f ehzaq;fs; ngUk; tHj;jfq;fspy; nryhtzpahf

gad;gLj;jg;gl;ld.

rkak;

 epyk;> neUg;G> fhw;W> kio> ,b kpd;dy;; Nghd;w ,aw;if rf;jpfis hpf;Ntj fhy kf;fs;
topgl;ldH. ,tw;iw flTsuhf cUftfg;gLj;jp topg;gl;ldH.

 gpUjptp (G+kp)> mf;dp (neUg;G)> thA (fhw;W)> tUzd; (kio)> ,e;jpud; (,bkpd;dy;) Mfpa
flTsHfs; hpf;Ntj fhyj;jpy;; Gfo; ngw;wpUe;jdH.

 Ke;ija Ntj fhyj;jpy; ,e;jpud; kpfTk; Gfo;ngw;W tpsq;fpdhd;. ,e;jpuDf;;F mLj;j epiyapy;
,Ue;j mf;dp flTsUf;Fk; kdpjUf;Fk; ,ilNa cwTg;;ghykhf ,Ue;jhH.

 ,aw;ifr; rkepiyia ghJfhf;Fk; flTshf tUzd; tpsq;fpdhH. Mjpj;jp> c\]; Nghd;w ngz;
flTsUk; ,f;fhyj;jpy; topglg;gl;ldH.

 Myaq;fNsh> rpiy topghNlh Ke;ija Ntjfhyj;jpy; ,y;iy. ew;gad;fis vjpHghHj;J

flTsUf;F topghLfs; nra;ag;gl;ld.

 nea;> ghy;> jhdpak; Nghd;wit gilf;fg;gl;ld. topghl;bd;NghJ gy;NtW rlq;Ffs; gpd;gw;wg;gl;ld

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 வேத காலம்

gpe;ija Ntjfhyk; (fp.K.1000 – fp.K.600)

 gpe;ija Ntjfhyj;jpy; MhpaHfs; NkYk; fpof;F Nehf;fp ,lk; ngaHe;jdH. fq;if rkntspapy;
MhpaHfs; jq;fsJ ,Ug;gplj;ij tphpT gLj;jpa tptuq;fis rjgj gpuhkzk; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

 gpe;ija Ntj ,yf;fpaq;fspy; gy;NtW Mhpa Fyq;fs; kw;Wk; muRfs; gw;wp Fwpg;Gfs;
fhzg;gLfpd;wd. gue;j muRfs;; vOr;rp ngw;wJ ,f;fhyj;jpa rpwg;Gf; $whFk;.

 njhlf;fj;jpy; FU kw;Wk; ghQ;rhyk; Mfpa muRfs; Gfo;ngw;W tpsq;fpd. FU murpd; Gfo;kpf;f

murHfshfg ghp$pj;;> [dNk[ad; MfpNahH Ml;rp Ghpe;jdH.

 ghQ;rhyHfspd; rpwe;j murH gputh`d n[a;typ vd;gtuhthH. GytHfis ,tH Nghw;wpdhH. FU>
ghQ;rhy muRfspd; tPo;r;rpf;Fg; gpwF> Nfhryk;> fhrp> tpNjfk; Nghd;w muRfs; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
ngw;wd.

 m[hjrj;U fhrpapd; Gfo;kpf;f murH. Kpjpiy efiu jiyefuhff; nfhz;l tpNjf ehl;bd; murH.
[dfH. af;Qthf;aH vd;w GytH ,tuJ mitia myq;fhpj;jhH. fpof;Ff; Nfhbapy; kfjk;> mq;fk;>
tq;fk; Nghd;w muRfs; ,Ue;jd.

 gpe;ija Ntj ,yf;fpaq;fspy; ,e;jpah %d;W ngUk;gphpTfshf Fwpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. MhpatHj;jk; (tl

,e;jpah)> kj;aNjrk; (kj;jpa ,e;jpah)> jl;rpzghjk; (njd;dpe;jpah).

murpay; epiy

 gpe;ija Ntj fhyj;jpy; nghpa muRfs; Njhd;wpaij Vw;fdNt Fwpg;gpl;Nlhk;. ,f;fhyj;jpy; gy

Fyq;fs; my;yJ „[d‟q;fs; xd;wpize;J „[dgjq;fs;‟ cUthapd.

 murpd; gug;gsT ngUfpajhy; murhpd; mjpfhuKk; mjpfhpj;jJ. jdJ typikiag; ngUf;Fk;

Nehf;fj;Jld; murH gy;NtW rlq;FfisAk;> Nts;tpfisAk; nra;jhH.

 uh[#ak; (KbRl;L tpoh)> m];tNkjk; (Fjpiu Nts;tp) kw;Wk; th[Ngak; (NjHg; Nghl;b) MfpadTk;
,tw;Ws; mlq;Fk;. uh[ tp];t[dd;> mfpy Gtdgjp> Vfujd;> rhk;uhl; Nghd;w gl;lq;fisAk; murd;
#l;bf; nfhz;lhd;.

 GNuhfpjH> Nrdhdp> fpuhkzp jtpu> gpe;ija Ntj fhyj;jpy; NkYk; gy Gjpa mjpfhhpfs; Ml;rpj;
Jiwapy; gq;F tfpj;jdH. fUT+y mjpfhhp> thpjz;LNthH> mur J}jH MfpNahUk; ,jpylq;Fk;.

 fpuhk rigfs; cs;shl;rp mikg;Gfspy; mq;fk; tfpj;jd. gpe;ija Ntj fhyj;j py; „rgh‟> „rkpjp‟
vd;w mitfs; nry;thf;fpoe;jd.

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 வேத காலம்

nghUshjhu epiy

 ,f;fhyj;jpy; ,Uk;gpd; cgNahfk; mjpfkhff; fhzg;gl;lJ. ,jdhy;> kf;fs; NkYk; gy tdq;fis

mopj;J tpisepyq;fisg; ngUf;fpdH.

 Ntshz;ik Kf;fpaj; njhopyhf tpsq;fpaJ. Gjpa tif fUtpfs; Ntshz;ikf;F

gad;gLj;jg;gl;ld. ghHyp jtpu> ney; kw;Wk; NfhJik gaphplg;gl;ld.

 epyj;Jf;F cukpLjy; xU Kf;fpa Kd;Ndw;wkhFk;. gy;NtW njhopy;fSk; tsHr;rpaile;jd. cNyhf

Ntiyg;ghLfs;> Njhy;nghUl;fs;> jr;Rj; njhopy;> kl;ghz;lq;fs; Nghd;wit ngUk; tsHr;rpaile;jd.

 cs;ehl;L thzpgj;NjhL may;ehl;L thzpgKk; ngUfpd. fly; thzpgk; gpe;ija Ntjfhyj;jpy;

tof;fpypUe;jJ. ghgpNyhdpah Nghd;w ehLfSld; tHj;jfk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

 thzpaH vd;w r%f mikg;Gk; ,f;fhyj;jpy; Njhd;wpaJ. itrpaUk; thzpfj;jpy; <Lg;;gl;ldH.

fzq;fs;‟ vdg;;gl;l thzpff; FOf;fis mtHfs; mikj;Jf; nfhz;ldH.

 hpf;Ntj fhyj;jpypUe;j „ep\;fk;‟ vd;w ehzak; jtpu> rjkhdk;> fpU\;zyk; vd;wiof;fg;gl;l jq;f>
nts;sp ehzaq;fSk; nryhtzpahf Gof;fj;jpypUe;jd.

r%f tho;f;if

 gpe;ija Ntj fhyj;jpy; r%fj;jpd; ehd;F Kf;fpa gphpTfshd gpuhkzHfs;> \j;jphpaHfs;

itrpaHfs;> #j;jpuHfs; Mfpad ed;F Nt&d;wpaJ.

 itrpaUf;Fk; #j;jpuUf;Fk; kWf;fg;gl;l gy;NtW rYiffis gpuhkzHfSk; \j;jphpaHfSk;

mDgtpj;J te;jdH.

 \j;jphpaiutpl gpuhkzNu caHe;j epiyapy; ,Ue;jNghjpYk;> rpy Ntisfspy; \j;jphpah;fs;

gpuhkzNu caHe;j epiyapy; ,Ue;jNghjpYk;> rpy Ntisfspy; \j;jpaHfs; gpuhkzHfistpl
jhq;fs; caHe;jtHfs; vd;Wk; $wpf;nfhz;ldH.

 jhq;fs; Nkw;nfhz;l njhopypd; mbg;gilapy; gy;NtW fpis [hjpfSk; ,f;fhyj;jpy; Njhd;wpd.

FLk;gj;ijg; nghWj;jtiu> gpe;ija Ntjfhyj;jpy; jhiatpl jfg;gdpd; nry;thf;F cauj;
njhlq;fpaJ.

 kfspH epiyapy; vt;tpj Kd;Ndw;wKk; fhzg;gltpy;iy. Mz;fSf;F fPo;g;gbe;jtHfshfNt ngz;fs;

fUjg;gl;ldH.mitfspy; gq;nfLj;Jf; nfhs;Sjy; Nghd;w murpay; chpikfisAk; $l ngz;fs;
,oe;jdH. rpwhH kzk; gutyhf tof;fj;jpypUe;jJ.

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 வேத காலம்

 ma;j;Nua gpuhkzk; vd;w E}y;> ngz; Foe;ij FLk;gj;jpw;F Vw;gl;l Nrhfk; vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.
mur FLk;gj;jpy; kl;Lk; ngz;fs; xUrpy rYiffisg; ngw;W tho;e;jdH.

rkak;

 Ke;ija Ntjfhyf; flTsuhd ,e;jpuDk;> mf;dpAk; gpe;ija Ntj fhyj;jpy; nry;thf;fpoe;jdH.

 gpe;ija Ntjfhyj;jpy; gpu[hgjp (gilg;Gf; flTs;)> tp\;Z (fhf;Fk; flTs;)> Uj;ud; (mopf;Fk;
flTs;) Mfpa flTsH Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngw;wdH. Nts;tpfs; NkYk; jPtpukhf gpd;gw;wg;gl;lNjhL>
gy;NtW rlq;FfSk; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;ld.

 topghl;bd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; Fiwe;J Nts;tpfSf;F mjpf Kf;fpj;Jtk; toq;fg;gl;lJ. G+rhhpj; njhopy;

ed;F Kiwg;gLj;jg;gl;lNjhL guk;giuj; njhopyhfTk; khwpaJ.

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Njhd;wpd.

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tpsq;Fk; cgepljq;fs; gadpy;yhj ,j;jifa Nts;tpfis Mjhpf;ftpy;iy.

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typAWj;jpd.

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