SH* consider fst only the bridge etreaft shown below! o What valve of 2, wil be reapived bo null the bdge at 0-00hb? & For what minimum ond waxfmom value ot Rw can the bridge be nulled vsing 22? Cc Wrat offcet voltage , SY? resolts when the use ght. ts 24% Lb (aceuming the wrlage 7S rolled at o-ohb)? sel a- As, the. brfdge will be null at Ry =|IAM2 which gves 0-004b so, kare R= 120 #26 194 4% = 120 * 120 R, = (20? fiaq foot a4 ||Gores) = i2o' fier Woo + A4(Aork2) = 120° toto 209° ov F210 +84 Ww 24[ForP2) = 120 toy Bo +d Nay aultotR) = le80 r 2QyP. AURe WVGGMe, 2992 BKserks 21.008 @ DAHA) (P94) RW ABER 2 (HLH YHA -2|-008 ba (VIUWITS2 21008 Pa + 1944-762 -~1680 1974-752 - (686 RB V42Rz = 2aQY-152 bp = 5192 Rerma, 2? , — Reomn 77 he, fo 15 vanable frm © t awn so, ‘win = wo + 2u[Tor 2) = Ut. gn Atle 4 ZOi | | | | | \ | | Bmae= (Ot 2U/ et 70) = NAB Wr @ R= 00 Faster avers welgit= 8tt tb . at ALb, Rwe jgqz 2 rom part lar, when the bidge ts noled , 22> A852 2) ave ay ao — _124 (20r¢ R, latriao = S:| ( 120 “ —a* _) 12ot foar Au/agSt 10 la t+1a0 Caras) _ 1a ) Rut Sag. let vs constdes amplifier of Figore of previous problem: © Find the gain ' so that the OW Tndeales the welgnt but in Volts te} ushen the Weght is 2%lb, the voltmeter reads 2.90%, b- Provide the clrevit for a differential ampifier that can provide this gain. Specify the resists in the amplifier clrcait Shaw how the cmptifier inputs ave connected te @ bridge points a andtb te give the vight ovtpot polarity - Sot- part a- From the prevfoor problem, at wetgnt = aad bb, Av= -0-0828V. So, acordtngty, At wetynt= aaabh, at DYM, Vout = 2. The gain will be, A= Moot. 2G BAT = wey So will ve (ae)H- The baste aifGevential amplifer has gan: Nest - @a_ YaeM e Vout = Pe (BW) a Foy gun of = 861 y Vet Ra = 36k 2 and 2= 1QEs. For & we Can we patentiometer as well. So, Yout= 361k (V2): ee sere 36-R wrese ‘a % connnected to ‘a’ of ‘the bridge and “b” 7s connecléct fo "bY of the bridge S43: let's evaluate how well the system of Figure Of problem | userts and se QQ Change. ad eee a weight is IBOLb. What wil) the DyM Yad? Therefae, what iS the exvor in 2b? So the sale is exoct at 0-00 bb and 22% bh bot has erer at 160 by why 's there an enor? & change the gain So the ‘eadling 1S exact at 1602b- Now, specify Ane exrer ot © db (which no weid)s) and 297 Yb (which few people ei . ce bare Q Plot of voltage reading versus wright gop The Uncat qagh OF Ahe “aren waghs conesparcting 10 st resis- dance 1 shown: ee worting eqpations: 1g NAQ= milo) + 6 121 = m(29d) +e ee soletvocting sth eqpations we rt m= 00267 se, er N94 i de.Re ooasrw 4Nt R= 90-0264 (iso) 4 » badge has be M6 at oll, 02 = 2832 To Find OYM reading So) N= 58) ( 120 Rw ») 120 +R, Ru t120 5 BN ol BS tee gests V20t tor 24/ 2x10) AU+ Re cot) |e. «, aoe “QuVooTT 243-005 AN = - 0042105 V sn of 261 so, As, differential ampli fier has qe 26-1 (e -0U2193) Vout = Veot= 'SI2 Vv So, pyr vill read , \5] Ob, evor= = Lb~ 150 bb (given) = 1 Cb ts became of py which reads Upto 3 signi ficant. tn value of Ov The evvor con also ve due to small crane Fayores: Eri07 Post -b* For reacting 160 bb acenctely, at Vovt= nov, OVe -0-0476 ae Zs ‘Movt =, A282 easy Vin 0420 1€ this gain is used “then, 120 Veni = 60[ Gare - 2s Nat t20 2Z4Ul-00 Vine = - 00000885 V Vo = (40-0000 885) (35-7) = ov.lazrlao aut At pym= — (oroRray (B5-A)= a-ASTEV ¥ s/ 1aa - 120 ) 5 008284 rene = - ermre 2:9 24376 Reet SE St ga Maes 00576. ov evr of Br fb- Rast e- ov, eeight (Lb) meee SAU Fig shows how a Single wire can be use te carry measvrement cata at the same ime. This Is clone by modolating two widely ctitfernt Come: Creqpeneies with olettg ama uting filkers to extract tho olla at the recieing eng . Soppoce ene claia channel is medwlatel signal of VO 40 15 KH and the other is modnlatedt signal of 50 to 65 KHs Design ‘the Extraction Fitters using simple Re filters Such that ‘the data los is vestrictet to olot tn the clata signais: tous moch arnplitvee crossover yesvits? (What © the amplitde of the 5o- SS ¢t, fn the t-tsene ohannel and vice versay, Signal! v = ee |-etolatton| > Signal t. bemoan ie by “ation [Signa 2SoP ta extraction of 50- B5EtA, Wigh pass filter all be used foe ee oC 4 ee Ge fs, “he gain shovtd not be less than 6-101 So, Firing critical Frenyenctes fei both “the Filterc: Ft tow pass Biter. £ Otot = 1 SUES AS™ wes = Craig tee” & [ fe, ERB RHe Fot high pass gltey, f= SOK becance BS RIL P5ORHs So, SSEUD Can be extracted easily: WDOEMS becanse = [EHa< VSEHe So ltt, ext Casily . 4 Oli = Sele 5 otot= SO _ ACI Te es0> ee eSOy FOSS Se, 2 SOO ENS wwiad For Ine ter - pass Alley, fey = Vexnen <6 ReCu= Vomsoorrtt, = 31 82x10 let [Cue Ine, Rit= S182 2 Fot lo pass fitter, fe = Voreyen Ric. = Yorrsey = Foes" tet [ez o cae (B= 10-60FR) Tre effect on olettt on oth signals will pes Fer lew pas filtev, Newth<. \ For high pass Filter, Vout. = 1:3 (So 002= X77 of ate 3 (8 = = Nechon vin trAssyso)™ cel = 00S £ BY of atlencation acurgSa-St A Nomictity SeNsey yesistance varies Uneorly from 250F2X to [20 KR as homiahy vanes fram 7 to [0 Yo Power aéstpation tn ‘the most ee cept below (SoUlh! Design analog signa) conditioning oe provide a vottage OF 0-0 to IOV as homiclihy varies from O70 to ga TH penforwn away Sarat conesfBing we ose eqpations er, Ye mRoeVo At Rr aso~2, V=o od Oz mlAasajaVo > 1 P= 1R0rD Ve tovsor Ips MAE) *¥o PR Swbtracting O and @ we get: Bm =wligek = ~h6ws° Vo = (—"Nage)(-asor) = 09a% Se» N= (-1_)es ¢ 19a 3@ Veer. Foe aemevvrents at asor2 and ROE, anck power of LOOP We howe : en ag sua adfterental In ardes 46 Tmplement eth 2 (1.1423) 2@ RixPo ApPying, vol Comparing ey? Gara © se Ge. G2 282 Res aes , Meee go, the ctrevtt becomes. lets Astome R= Be cron ARR “W ney . ow War tet Psiyoy we SE averting amplifier 5° rat qpin otter Geomas OI =ESY PE ave yoke Tnverting Oenplt Fier es 10 wall wecome so, overall RE /B0k cae g2ed 130K “av to fd 9a From the chevit. , we have av pooner SOPPIY ae tation, Gay zenes diode for vege a0 @ wv Re NARBV- veeter in Above teat, Rr GR > RITRRE 322UR, > Rho 2 > @ Ppplying, yottage of a3 = “90Applying voltage clivcter acres a Gants a KEN DS AARe> pUURTL, >O- D let Ra = aHOD] and Ie, shrood | So, the chreutt pecomes: 6902, Wee my ev 450 For tmplementation of overall chwit 1 atomming chitferenttal coi: Novt - & S Vout = Pa (v2-W) Vout = Sa Bl Va-Vi sR 2, Noot = The overeill cirastt pecomes: Z inverting amplifier “Vv 68 Saka | okt e. re Differential © iBor 1 amplifier: Ne 1923 - Rs L TSO Yoot - +a oltage citider-Sas: In some cases, We eect amplifiers that reve high gan when the jpot is low and clecvensing gain aS an ampli fier wwhese gain cirevit, as Shawn Abe cotpot vottage the forward voltage cmpot voltage increases: So, this is clepends open “me inpot voltage | An op-amp webs can provide this yesponse: Here Hides are usecl fo isolate feed bace wesstors via Their forward voltage alvop ont! yises above pre cletined levels: For the cixvit assome. coop of the begin te conctoct pati the yottage x plot cxtpot voltage 'erses inpot cliedes is FAY: te;, do not cicross them is above CUv: Prepare voltage for this cirevit: Wook cae When the voltage Vin is we Jess than ber W, the tor? Lowe pp eiyeutt | barons: Vin o—w-— ere BORD te | it a Noo a er Vovt * we ‘The gain is ayer ey A= -@hne= 74d -10 oe =1b, ? Voot = 2evk Vin uy, yoo = —bat ee Wahen Mn = GAL, The femctback esistoree t= parallel combination oF HED SH, Ree ro0Rs ll oka = BOK S The gan 1s gran Oh pe - ORMMoKR = -% Se) Yours Took {ook = nest, y ttuctont lok TOR 2 lovin = aQVout ‘Noutbecome, AL Vins O.4QV t ERY, eg will , apt reaches, wren tho 1 ep ce teor a y}teore Noor Pe oe aah ey = toe a Aq DED /Ipp as “Re dy yer becomes, i os al parat a we gol'- Neotyfng : q v LU-Voot On Vol ¢ On kU Voot 4, Ox bURti=Voo ae . oor lor a Dory MO =e Voot =U -Voot 5:6 = 2Veut \ord TOR LOAMIn = & Nout - 4 *Noot = Pavin +t aa ~ eK -)0Vin bEVin Z ott =SVin- OF ol¥eMn g O42 $0, ovencill, Vout = BVin 1-16 0°42 2Vin 2Iso be usect SAA Cirenit such as of Figuee of problem above can 4 ok Uneaviaation. To see this consicler a, Sensor to Povide some cleqvee whese ootpot wottage Vanes retinearly with inpot pressure oy the eqyatton vip) z o-oasp?. This pessore IS shown below . Determine the cotpot voltage over the presore range and plot Vow verses P You will see that vesolling voltage 'S ‘more nearly unear” Sok- To Find pressoie we a Vea, & ry mange the 4 . 3 = 6:038 p> Me) = Pr evn oy P= WLP) [0-05 of fe ov te. oe i (o- 03s) 33 83 when Ynpot = O14 V or “ east ah Bik Pe - (04 Joveas)* Shines hs Pressore (psi): Ar aps when ingot = o-42V in fa = (o-u2]o°038) Pp = 3+ 464 ps fis Navt can be uaa ten os? 4 . vie DEMPZIYXO Voor? 9 shigeot 004d Vin CUARIO esnin-t1s 642 ein Es Potting, wine 0:035p* = 03597 é2psh Vout = =10 (00859?) = -0-35P? @ & Pressor® Pe , ais -orl15p?- 07 2psié pressore 234 PS 0084S pr-V 15 B-Ugu S pressure toot a: “I > 2 *s zi a “ eS, the qaph is Linear. ork 8 & 5 6 pressure (95?)