CONTAINER MARKINGS FREIGHT CONTAINER SAFETY Under the International Convention for Safe Containers (CSC), it is the responsibility of the container owner to ensure that containers are properly maintained and subject to periodic examination in accordance with procedures approved by the government of the relevant contracting state to the Convention. In the UK, the requirements of the Convention are covered in legislation by the Freight Containers (Safety Convention) Regulations 1984 Under the Convention and these regulations, each freight container is required to display a Safety Approval Plate (CSC plate), detailing relevant safety information including country of approval, date of manufacture and maximum operating gross weight (Photograph 1). The plate may also display the date of the next periodic examination, unless the container is under an Approved Continuous Examination Programme (ACEP) in which case details of the ACEP registration are displayed and there is no requirement to display an examination due date. 28MARKINGS ON A CONTAINER. The current standard which deals with the coding, identification and marking of containers is DIN EN ISO 6346, dated January 1996. Among other things, this standard specifies that the previous standards with similar content have equal validity, since a number of older versions of containers with different markings naturally remain in service alongside the brand new ones. This Section will provide only certain essential explanations with regard to the systems used - for more detailed information, the reader should refer to the corresponding standards and more extensive specialist literature. 29The foreword to the standard states, among other things, that it includes not only the statutory units but also corresponding sizes stated in Anglo-American units. Under the German Units of Measurement Act, 22nd February 1985, the use of such units nationally and commercially in Germany is proscribed. Such units may only be quoted to aid business relationships with countries which still use these units. A distinction is drawn between compulsory and optional marking. Compulsory ISO marking must be used on all containers, while optional marking does not have to be: they are included in the standard to improve understanding and to promote uniform application of marking. However, if a particular style of representation is specified for an optional mark, it must be complied with. The terms "compulsory" and "optional" used in the standard do not apply to the requirements of any legislative bodies, however. The following is a basic version of horizontal container marking. suoU B07 007 9 ———S * Owner code It Check digit Product group code Registration number 30The container identification system specified in DIN EN ISO 6346 consists solely of the elements shown, which can only be used together: Owner- code, consisting of three capital letters Product group code, consisting of one of capital letters U, J or Z Six-digit registration number Check digit. The owner code must be unique and registered with the International Container Bureau (BIC - Bureau International des Containers - 14, Rue Jean Rey, 75015 Paris), either directly or through a national registration organization. In the Figures shown, the owner code consists respectively of the letter combinations SUD and TEX. 31The product group code consists of one of the following three capital letters: U - for all freight containers J - for detachable freight container-related equipment Z - for trailers and chassis The term owner code may also apply to the combination of owner code and product group code, which is also known as an alpha prefix. If the owner code is absent, the container cannot be identified. The registration or serial number consists of six digits. In the examples shown, these numbers are 307007 and 452149. If the container number consists of fewer than six digits, it is preceded by enough zeros to make a six-digit number sequence. The check digit, 9 and 6 respectively in the two examples shown, is always a single-digit number. It is usually in a box, to make it stand out from the registration number. The check digit can be used to validate whether the owner code, product group code and registration number have been accurately transmitted. No freight information system (FIS), transport information system (TIS) or similar data processing 32system will accept a container number, if the result of the automatic checking procedure does not show agreement with the check digit. The procedure is deliberately designed to ensure that a number of transmission errors cannot cancel one another out, resulting in the acceptance of incorrect data. The checking procedure is as follows: An equivalent numerical value is assigned to each letter of the alphabet, beginning with 10 for the letter A (11 and multiples thereof are omitted) An equivalent numerical value is assigned to each letter of the alphabet, beginning with 10 for the letter A (11 and multiples thereof are omitted) ao /12 ]as |a4 is Jae |i? ]ae |a9 | 20 | 21 | 2a | 24 25 |2e |27 | 28 |29 | 30 | a1 | az | a4 | as | a6 | a7 | ae The individual digits of the registration number keep their everyday value, i.e. 1= 1, 2 = 2 etc. The following numerical values are accordingly obtained for the two examples with the alpha prefixes "SUDU" and "TEXU": 30 | 32 )i¢ |a2]3a jo ]7 jojo |7 ai ]as | a6 |s2]4 5s [21 ]4]e 33Each of these numbers is multiplied computationally, as a function of its position, by numerical values of 2° to 2°: the first number by 1, the second by 2, the third by 3 and the 10th by 512. is [and ard [4h sth eth |h jah [oh Toth number?) number/| number/| number/| number! | number/| number/| number/| numbar/| number/| digit [digit [digit [digit [digit [digit digit | digic —[digie | digit a at 2 ce as 2 2° af 2 2 i Zz 4 3 16 32 4 ize [ase [siz The following calculations are performed for the given example: ¢ u D u 3 a 7 a a 7 30 az | a4 32 3 a 7 a a z x x x x x x x x x x 1 z 4 6 1é_| 33 64 | ize [256 [iz 30 a a aa3_[ 0 o_|ssea The sum ofthese numbers | 4.488 | andisdividedby 17, giving | 407.8 equals The integer multiped by 11 | 4.477 | The difference between the resultant equals valuas is the check digit If the check digits 9 and 6 respectively are correctly input in each case during data entry, the system accepts the data. If someone makes a mistake when transmitting a container number and inputs the alphanumeric sequence TEXU 452149 into a corresponding system instead of TEXU 452159, the program would perform the following calculation: 34: = x u 4 5 z a 3 3 gi as | se | a2 | 4 = 2 z S ¢ £ 2 4 é ié_| 3 [64 | dam [256 [ siz ea_[ a0 _[-aaa_[ ose [ea [geo [ae [aca [aze0 [acon The sum ofthese numbers | 6.623 | andisdividedby 11. giving | 620.0 equals The integer multiplied by 71_| 6,220 |The difference between the resultant uals values is the check digit, 2 Since the correct check digit for this container is 6, the system would indicate an error. TRLU | 543862 Disadvantage of check digit a The check digit 0 may occur twice, since it arises where the final difference is 0 and where it is 10. To ensure that this does not happen, the standard recommends that registration numbers should not be used which produce a final difference of 10. This is the case, however, with the registration number shown. a R b u 5 4 3 6 6 2 0 B1_ | 29 23. 32 5 4 2 g 6 2 1 [zt 4 8 ue [32 [64 [128 | 256 [saz a1 | 58 92_ | 256 BO | 128 | 192 | 1,024 | 1.536 | 1.024 | 4.42h 4g2d | id | 404.9 | doi | id | 44ii | io 35Correct identification using check digit H L ay u 4 6 a ~ * 2 Q us [22 | 36 | a2 4 e | 9 [it 9 2 a | 4 & as [32 [44 [ages | 25e [ siz is |[4e | ade | 256 e4 [ase | se | i38 [2.304 [4.024 | 4752 4.752 | 11 | 492.0 | 492 [aa | arse Fo Size and type codes Pa oi ¥ T+ Country code Tiyp0 code Size code 36Container identification including country, size and type codes Appropriate abbreviations are used for the various countries, here US for United States of America, GB for Great Britain etc. The first digit of the size code indicates the length of the container, with the number 4 standing for a 40' container. The second digit indicates height and whether or not a gooseneck tunnel is present. In our example, the number 3 stands for a height of 8 foot 6 inches (8'6") with gooseneck tunnel. The first digit of the type code indicates container type. Here, 1 means that the container is a closed container with ventilation openings. The second digit of the type code relates to special features. The 0 used here means opening at the end. In the associated standard, columns are set out vertically: The corresponding data are laid out underneath. The abbreviation g.n.t. stands for gooseneck tunnel. A differently laid out size code summary is shown below: ‘1st digit The digits have the following meanings... Length: 1=10' 2=20' 2=30' 4=40 2nd digit ligits have the following meanings... Height 3286" ant Height Tae # Sant, Height 37In the type code, the first digit (i.e. the 3rd digit overall) indicates the container type and the second (i.e. the 4th digit overall) indicates special features. However, there is a connection between the respective digits, which the following representation is intended to explain: In the type code, the first digit (i.e. the 3rd digit overall) indicates the container type and the second (i.e. the 4th digit overall) indicates special features. However, there is a connection between the respective digits, which the following representation is intended to explain: Marking on Containers : Size and Type code 150 6346 1 2 3 4 Lenath Height Type Features 3, 2iffer = Type 4, differ 0_| dlosed general purpose 0 end openings) 1 and & full side opening(s) 2 end & part side openinafs) 3 end & raaf opening 4 and & racf & side openings 1_| dosed vented 0 smnaller passive vents upper part t bigger parrive vents at upper part 3,4 | passive vents at upper & lower part é mechanical ventilation, located inside 8 mechanical ventilation, located outside 2 | thermal insulated heated | 0 insulated named cargo 1 insulated 2 heated 5 narned cargo! livestock é named carga: cats 3 | thermal refrigerated a refrigerated, expendable refrigerant & heated t mechanically refrigerated 2 refrigerated and heated 38thermal refrigerated and/or heated removable equipment refrigerated, expendable refrigerant mechanically refrigerated refrigerated and heated open top end openingls) auvernaable Wecegunee? Bend ant & side openingls) S removable top member in end frarne platform based no endwalls complete fixed end walls fixed free-standing posts complete faldinig end walle folding free-standing posts with frame and roof with frarne and open top skeletal, with open top and ends 39CONTAINER SEALS / SEALING The objective in using seals is to minimize the risk of unauthorized access into the container thereby reducing the risk of cargo pilferage and the introduction of contraband. This is in the interest of the shipper, carrier, and recipient of the container. Security must start with the shipper. Immediately after a container is stuffed, a high security seal must be applied and the seal number documented. In an effort to help protect the cargo during transit & compliance with sealing requirements established under the International Ship and Port Facility Security Code (ISPS) and the Customs- Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (C-TPAT) program, reputed companies prefer high security bolt seal, meeting the criteria of ISO PAS 17712, affixed to it at all times during transport. There are 2 types - Solid pin & Flexible pin type Bolt Seal. Boltseal type 79-SM solid pin High Security Seal - ISO 17712:2010 Compliant 40The Flexible High Security Container seal with anti-spin feature. The patented flexible design provides a high degree of flexibility to fit on any container, truck or trailer door hasp. The patented anti-spin feature ensures that the pin with its 4 “fins” as part of the locking mechanism prevents friction attacks. This seal is ideal for sealing containers. Laser engraving Company logo/name will be engraved on the cylinder by use of high technology laser engraving that prevents tampering. All seals are engraved with a consecutive unique numbering. Bar coding can also be applied. Packaging For easy stock control and number verification the seals are delivered in two pieces — cylinders are packed on tape in consecutive order together with pins also on tape. For easy handling and distribution 100 seals are packed in one inner box. Two inner boxes are packed in one carton box. Customs Seals are approved by Customs authority's world- wide including US Customs, HM Customs, German and Taiwan Customs. The seal is in compliance with ISO 17712:2010 as a High Security Seal and is C-TPAT compliant. Seals can only be removed by a bolt cutter. 41CABLE SEAL The ideal high security cable seal to apply on all awkward sealing points. Key applications are tank-truck valves, truck trailers, rail wagons, gates etc. The cable Flexible galvanised steel cable with high tensile strength. The @5 mm cable is non-preformed and unravels if cut. Ink-jet marking for proof of tampering and easy identification. The cable is available in various lengths. The body The metal body features a non-flammable shock proof plastic cover and a transparent plastic shield, protecting the engraving against tampering. Standard colours are red and white. Special colours are available for large orders. 42Laser engraving. Your company logo will be engraved by use of high technology laser engraving which prevents tampering. All seals are engraved with a consecutive unique numbering. Bar coding can also be applied. Packaging For easy stock control and number verification the seals come in two pieces - cylinders & cables. The cylinders are packed on tape in numerical order together with the cables. For easy handling and distribution 100 seals are packed in 1 inner box. 2 inner boxes are packed in 1 outer box. Customs Seals are approved by Customs authority's world- wide including US Customs, HM Customs. Seals can only be removed by use of a cable cutter. The seal is in compliance with ISO 17712 as a High Security Seal and is C-TPAT compliant. 43CONTAINER HANDLING GEAR SHIP-TO-SHORE GANTRY CRANES Gantry cranes are a type of crane built atop a gantry, which is a structure used to straddle an object or workspace. They are also called portal cranes, the "portal" being the empty space straddled by the gantry. The usual distinction drawn between the two is that with gantry cranes, the entire structure (including gantry) is usually wheeled (often on rails). By contrast, the supporting structure of an overhead crane is fixed in location, often in the form of the walls or ceiling of a building, to which is attached a movable hoist running overhead along a rail or beam (which may itself move). Further confusing the issue is that gantry cranes may also incorporate a movable beam-mounted hoist in addition to the entire structure being wheeled, and some overhead cranes are suspended from a freestanding gantry. Gantry cranes in the form of container cranes are prominent features of most container terminals, used to load intermodal containers on and off container ships. They can range from enormous "full" gantry cranes, capable of lifting some of the heaviest loads in the world, to small shop cranes, used for tasks such as lifting automobile engines out of vehicles. 44