Consultant Dr Yeap Ban Har Authors _*~ Dr Joseph Yeo: * Teh Keng Seng * Loh Cheng Yee. wy Chow i (Ong Chan >. ~ a‘SHINGLEE PUBLISHERS PTE LTD 120 Hillview Avenue #05-08/07 Kewalram Hilview Singapore 669594 Tok: 67601388 Fax: 67625684 ‘email: info@shingles.com.sg httpu/www.shinglee.com.sg ©SHINGLEE PUBLISHERS PTE LTD Al rights reserved. No part ofthis book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the Publishers. First Published 1982 Reprinted 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986 ‘Sacond Edition 1987 Reprinted 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993 Thiel Edition 1994 Reprinted 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997 Fourth Edition 1998 Reprinted 1998, 2000, Fifth Ealtion 2001 Reprinted 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2008, 2007 ‘Sixth Edition 2008 Reprinted 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2018, 2014 ‘Seventh Eaition 2015 Reprinted 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 ISBN 978 981 237 933 7 ‘Acknowledgements AAllicensed images purchased under standard license agreement with www. shutterstock com Printed in Singapore3°: PREFACE New Syllabus Mathematics (NSM) is a series of textbooks specially designed to provide valuable learning experiences to engage the hearts and minds of students sitting for the GCE O-level examination in Mathematics. Included in the textbooks are Investigation, Class Discussion, Thinking Time, Journal Writing, Performance Task and Problems in Real-World Contexts to support the teaching and learning of Mathematics. Every chapter begins with a chapter opener which motivates. students in learning the topic. Interesting stories about Mathematicians, real-life examples and applications are used to arouse students’ interest and curiosity so that they can appreciate the beauty of Mathematics in their surroundings. The use of ICT helps students to visualise and manipulate mathematical objects more easily, thus making the learning of Mathematics more interactive. Ready-to-use interactive ICT templates are available at http:/Awww.shinglee.com.sg/ StudentResources/CHAPTER OPENER Each chapter begins with a chapter opener to arouse students’ interest and curiosity in learning the topic. LEARNING OBJECTIVES Leaming objectives help students to be more aware of what they are about to study so that they can monitor thelr ‘own progress. RECAP. Relevant prerequisites will be revisited atthe beginning ofthe chapter or at appropriate junctures so that students can build upon their prior knowledge, thus creating meaningful inks to their existing schema. WORKED EXAMPLE This shows students how to apply what they have learnt to solve related problems and how to prosent their working Clearly. suitable heading Is included in brackets to distinguish between the different Worked Examples. PRACTISE NOW ‘At the end of each Worked Example, a similar question will be provided for immediate practice. Where appropriate, this includes further questions of progressive difficulty. SIMILAR QUESTIONS: Ast of similar questions in the Exercise is given here to help teachers choose questions that their students can do (on their own, EXERCISE ‘The questions are classifiad into three levels of cificulty - Basie, Intermediate anc Advanced, SUMMARY ‘At the end of each chapter, a succinct summary of the key concepts is provided to help students consolidate what they have learnt. REVIEW EXERCISE This is included at the ond of each chaptor forthe consolidation of learning of concopts. CHALLENGE YOURSELF Optional problems are included at the end of each chapter to challenge and stretch high-ability students to thele fullest potential. REVISION EXERCISE ‘This is included after avery few chapters to help students assess ther learningLearning experiences have been infused into Investigation, Class Discussion, Thinking Time, Journal Writing and Performance Task. Investigation Activities are included to guide students to investigate and discover important mathematical concepts so that they can construct their own knowledge meaningfully. Discussion Questions are provided for students to discuss imclass, with the teacher acting as the facitatr. ‘The questions wil assist students to leam now knowedge, think mathematicaly, and enhance ‘ther reasoning and oral communication skis ‘Thinking Time Journal Writing Key questions are also included at ‘Opportunities are provided for students to appropriate junctures to check if reflect on their learning and to communicate students have grasped various concepts YA mathematically. it can also be used as a and to create opportunities for them to formative assessment to provide feedback to further develop their thinking. students to improve on their leering = Performance Task Mini projects are designed to develop research and presentation skis in the students. ‘This contains important This guides students This includes information information that students ‘on how to approach a that may be of interest should know, problem. to students. Internet SS focources ec This contains certain This contains puzzles, This quides students to mathematical concepts fascinating facts and search on the Internet for or rules that students interesting stories valuable information or i ron pe about Mathematics as interesting online games enrichment for students. {or theirindependent and self-directed leaming.Contents TE — TER 2 Quadratic Equations Linear Inequalities 041 and Functions 2.1 Inequalities 043 4.1. Solving Quadratic Equations by 003 22 Problem Solving involving 049 Completing the Square Inequalities 1.2 Solving Quadratic Equations by 010 23 Solving Simultaneous Linear 051 using Formula Inequalities 1.3 Solving Quadratic Equations by 012 Summary 054 Graphical Method Review Exercise 2 055 1.4 Solving Fractional Equations 017 that can be reduced to ‘Quadratic Equations 1.5 Applications of Quadratic 020 Equations in Real-World Contexts 1.6 Graphs of Quadratic Functions 027 Summary 036 Review Exercise 1 038 CHAPTERS Indices and Standard Form 057 3.1 Indices 059 3.2. Laws of Indices 060 3.3 Zero and Negative Indices 069 3.4 Rational indices 075 3.5 Compound Interest 08 3.6 Standard Form 086 Summary 094 Review Exercise 3 095 Revision Exercise A 097ER TER Coordinate Geometry Graphs of Functions and 4.1 Gradient of a Straight Line 101 Graphical Solution 4.2. Length of a Line Segment 107 5.1 Graphs of Cubic Functions 125, 4.3 Equation of a Straight Line 113 5.2 Graphs of Reciprocal Functions 128 Summary 119 5.3 Graphs of Exponential Functions 125 Review Exercise 4 120 5.4 Gradient of a Curve 139 5.5 Applications of Graphs in 144 Real-World Contexts Summary 162 Review Exercise 5 164 Revision Exercise B 167 GARTERS Further Trigonometry 171 6.1 Sineand Cosine of Obtuse Angles 173 62 Area of Triangle 181 63 Sine Rule 187 64 Cosine Rule 197 Summary 205 Review Exercise 6 207 Contents NowAE Applications of Trigonometry 7.1 Angles of Elevation and Depression 7.2 Bearings 7.3. Three-Dimensional Problems Summary Review Exercise 7 2u1 213 219 227 240 241 AEE Congruence and Similarity Tests 291 9.4 Congruence Tests 293 92 Similarity Tests 309 9.3. Applications of Congruent and 324 Similar Triangles Summary 328 Review Exercise 9 330 oO Contents New Syilabus Mathematics (NSM) SHES Arc Length, Area of Sector and Radian Measure 8.1 Length of Arc 82 Area of Sector 83 Radian Measure 8.4 Arc Length and Area of Sector using Radian Measure Summary Review Exercise 8 Revision Exercise C 245 247 256 263 272 282 283 287and Solids 10.1. Area of Similar Figures 10.2, Volume of Similar Solids Summary Review Exercise 10 a and Volume of Similar Figures 335 337 346 355 355 ALBEIT Geometrical Properties of Circles 359 11.1 Symmetric Properties of Circles 361 11.2. Angle Properties of Circles 380 Summary 401 Review Exercise 11 403 Revision Exercise D 407 Problems in Real-World Contexts 411 Practise Now Answers 417 Answers 421 Contnis Wow Sabie atemates wm) QDQuadratic Equations and FunctionsLEARNING OBJECTIVES er reed ete em tne pe eee eer ey Recent eat hat ike eer ee area) eee SE ee orgy cea eke t er De ee et Bee eerie ts cane al See cer and Died cie ine aby i ie