‫اﺷراف اﻟﻣدرس اﻟﻔﺎﺿل‪ :‬أ‪ .

‬ﺻﮭﯾب أﺑو ﺟﯾﺎب‬

‫إﻋداد اﻟطﺎﻟﺑﺎت‪:‬‬
‫* ﻧور ﺑدر اﻟﻌﺛﺎﻣــﻧﺔ‬ ‫* أﺳﻣﺎء ﻣﺎھر ﻣﻌروف‬
‫* روﻻ ﻧظﻣﻲ اﻟﻣﺻري‬ ‫‪LOGO‬‬ ‫* اﻻء ﻣﺎھر ﺻﯾـــــــــﺎم‬
‫* رﯾـــــم اﻟﺷﻧــﺑﺎري‬

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 ‫ﻣﻘدﻣﺔ ﻋن اﻟﺗﺣﻠﯾل اﻟﻣﻛﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫‪Introduction about Spatial Analyst‬‬

‫• ھو ﻋﺑﺎرة ﻋن ﻋﻣﻠﯾﺔ إﺳﺗﺧراج أو إﻧﺷﺎء ﻣﻌﻠوﻣﺎت ﺟدﯾدة ﺣول ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ ﻣن اﻟﻣﻣﯾزات‬

‫اﻟﺟﻐراﻓﯾﺔ ﻹﺟراء ﻓﺣص روﺗﯾﻧﻲ ‪ ،‬واﻟﺗﻘﯾﯾم ‪ ،‬وﺗﺣﻠﯾل ﻧﻣﺎذج ﻣن اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت ﻓﻲ ﻣﻧطﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺟﻐراﻓﯾﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺳﺎس ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ ﻣن اﻟﻣﻌﺎﯾﯾر واﻟﻣﻘﺎﯾﯾس واﻟﺷروط‪.‬‬

‫• أي ھو ﻋﺑﺎرة ﻋن ﻋﻣﻠﯾﺔ اﻟﻧﻣذﺟﺔ ‪ ،‬واﻟﺗﺣﻘﯾق ‪ ،‬وﺗﻔﺳﯾر ﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ ﻧﻣوذج ﻟﺗﻘﯾﯾم اﻟﻣﻼﺋﻣﺔ‬

‫واﻟﻘدرة ‪ ،‬واﻟﻘﯾﺎس ‪ ،‬واﻟﺗﻘدﯾر واﻟﺗﻧﺑؤ ‪ ،‬واﻟﺗﻔﺳﯾر واﻟﻔﮭم ‪.‬‬

‫• وﯾﺳﺗﺧدم اﻟﺗﺣﻠﯾل اﻟﻣﻛﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﻟدرﺟﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻓﻲ إﺗﺧﺎذ اﻟﻘرارات وﺣل اﻟﻣﺷﻛﻼت‪.‬‬

‫•وﯾﻌﺗﻣد اﻟﺗﺣﻠﯾل اﻟﻣﻛﺎﻧﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻧﻣذﺟﺔ اﻟﻛﺎرﺗوﺟراﻓﯾﺔ وھو ﻋﺑﺎرة ﻋن ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ ﻣن‬
‫اﻟﺧراﺋط ﻋﻠﻰ ھﯾﺋﺔ طﺑﻘﺎت ﺗﺷﺗرك ﻓﯾﻣﺎ ﺑﯾﻧﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ إطﺎر ﻛﺎرﺗوﺟراﻓﻲ واﺣد ﯾﻌﺗﻣد ﻋﻠﻲ‬
‫اﻹﺣداﺛﯾﺎت‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻣﻘدﻣﺔ ﻋن ﻣﺣطﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ ﻣﯾﺎه اﻟﺻرف اﻟﺻﺣﻲ‬
‫‪Introduction about sewage treatment station‬‬

‫• ﻣﺣطﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ ﻣﯾﺎه اﻟﺻرف اﻟﺻﺣﻲ ھﻲ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻣﻧﺷﺂت اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺑﻧﻰ ﻓﻲ ﻣوﻗﻊ ﻣﻌﯾن ﻟﻐﺎﯾﺔ أﻛﺳدة‬
‫اﻟﻣواد اﻟﻌﺿوﯾﺔ اﻟﻣوﺟودة ﻓﯾﮭﺎ وﻓﺻل اﻟﺷواﺋب اﻟﺻﻠﺑﺔ ﻋن اﻟﻣﯾﺎه اﻟﺗﻲ ﯾﻣﻛن ﺗﺻرﯾﻔﮭﺎ ﺑﻌدﺋ ٍذ‬
‫دون ﺿرر ﺑﺎﻟﺻﺣﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ أو إﻋﺎدة إﺳﺗﺧداﻣﮭﺎ ﻣرة أﺧرى ﺑﻌد اﻟﻘﺿﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺧﺗﻠف اﻟﻣﻠوﺛﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺟرﺛوﻣﯾﺔ ﻓﯾﮭﺎ‪.‬‬

‫• اﻟﮭـدف ﻣن ﻣﺣطـﺎت اﻟﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫إن اﻟﮭدف اﻷھم ﻣن ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ ﻣﯾﺎه اﻟﺻرف اﻟﺻﺣﻲ ھو اﻟﻘﺿﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌواﻣل اﻟﻣﻣرﺿﺔ اﻟﺗﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺿر ﺑﺎﻟﺻﺣﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ وﺑﺷﻛل ﻋﺎم ﻓﺈن اﻟﮭدف ﻣن ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ اﻟﻣﯾﺎه ﯾﺷﻣل ‪:‬‬

‫ﺣﻣﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻣﺻﺎدر اﻟﻣﺎﺋﯾﺔ ) اﻟﺟوﻓﯾﺔ – اﻟﺳطﺣﯾﺔ ( ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫ﻣﻧﻊ اﻧﺗﺷﺎر اﻷﻣراض ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺣﻣﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺛروة اﻟﺣﯾواﻧﯾﺔ اﻟﻣﺎﺋﯾﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﻣﻧﻊ اﻟﺗرﺳﺑﺎت ﺿﻣن اﻟﻣﺳطﺣﺎت اﻟﻣﺎﺋﯾﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﻣﻧﻊ اﻷذى واﻹزﻋﺎج اﻟﻧﺎﺟم ﻋن ﻣﯾﺎه اﻟﺻرف ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

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 ‫ﻣﻘدﻣﺔ ﻋن ﻣﺣﺎﻓظﺔ دﯾر اﻟﺑﻠﺢ‬
‫‪Introduction about Deir al-Balah province‬‬

‫• ﺗﻘﻊ ﻣﺣﺎﻓظﺔ دﯾر اﻟﺑﻠﺢ وﺳط ﻣﺣﺎﻓظﺎت ﻏزة ‪ ،‬ﯾﺣدھﺎ ﻣن اﻟﺷﻣﺎل ﻣﺣﺎﻓظﺔ ﻏزة وﻣن اﻟﺟﻧوب‬
‫ﻣﺣﺎﻓظﺔ ﺧﺎن ﯾوﻧس وﻣن اﻟﺷرق أراﺿﻲ ﺑﺋر اﻟﺳﺑﻊ وﻣن اﻟﻐرب اﻟﺑﺣر اﻟﻣﺗوﺳط‪.‬‬

‫• ﺗﺗﻛون اﻟﻣﺣﺎﻓظﺔ ﻣن ﻣدﯾﻧﺔ دﯾر اﻟﺑﻠﺢ وﻗرﯾﺔ اﻟزواﯾدة وﻣﺧﯾم اﻟﻧﺻﯾرات وﻣﺧﯾم اﻟﺑرﯾﺞ وﻣﺧﯾم‬
‫اﻟﻣﻐﺎزي‪.‬‬

‫ﻛم‪. 2‬‬ ‫• ﺗﺑﻠﻎ ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺗﮭﺎ ‪55.5‬‬

‫• ﯾﺑﻠﻎ ﻋدد ﺳﻛﺎﻧﮭﺎ أﻛﺛر ﻣن ‪ 251‬اﻟف ﻧﺳﻣﺔ ﺣﺳب إﺣﺻﺎﺋﯾﺔ ﻋﺎم ‪2012‬‬

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 ‫أﺳﺑﺎب إﺧﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﻣﺷروع‬
‫‪Reasons for choosing this project‬‬

‫‪ .1‬ﺗﻌﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻣﺣﺎﻓظﺔ ﻣن ﻋدم وﺟود ﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺻرف ﺻﺣﻲ ﻣﻣﺎ دﻓﻊ اﻟﺳﻛﺎن إﻟﻰ اﻹﻋﺗﻣﺎد ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻧظﺎم اﻟﺣﻔر اﻻﻣﺗﺻﺎﺻﯾﺔ واﻟﻘﻧوات اﻟﺧرﺳﺎﻧﯾﺔ اﻟﻣﻛﺷوﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﺗﺧﻠص ﻣن اﻟﻣﯾﺎه اﻟﻌﺎدﻣﺔ‬
‫واﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺗﺳرب اﻟﻰ اﻟﺧزان اﻟﺟوﻓﻲ ﻧظرا ً ﻟطﺑﯾﻌﺔ اﻟﺗرﺑﺔ اﻟرﻣﻠﯾﺔ اﻟﻣﻔﻛﻛﺔ ﻣﻣﺎ أدى إﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺗﻔﺎﻗم ﻣﺷﻛﻠﺔ اﻟﻣﯾﺎه اﻟﺟوﻓﯾﺔ ورداءة ﻧوﻋﯾﺗﮭﺎ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .2‬اﻟﺗﻘﻠﯾل ﻣن ﻧﺳﺑﺔ اﻟﻣﯾﺎه اﻟﻌﺎدﻣﺔ اﻟواﺻﻠﺔ إﻟﻰ وادي ﻏزة وﻣن ﺛم إﻟﻰ اﻟﺑﺣر‪.‬‬

‫‪ .3‬ﻣﻌﺎﻧﺎة اﻟﻣﺣﺎﻓظﺔ ﻣن ﻧﻘص ﺷدﯾد ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﯾﺎه ‪،‬ﺣﯾث ﺗﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﻣن ﻗﻠﺔ ﻣﻌدل اﻷﻣطﺎر اﻟﺳﺎﻗطﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﯾﮭﺎ ﺳﻧوﯾﺎ ً‪.‬‬

‫‪ .4‬ﯾﻐﻠب ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻣﺣﺎﻓظﺔ اﻟﻧﻣط اﻟزراﻋﻲ ﻟذﻟك ﯾﻣﻛن إﺳﺗﺧدام اﻟﻣﯾﺎه اﻟﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ ﻓﻲ ري ﺑﻌض‬
‫اﻟﻣزروﻋﺎت ﻣﺛل اﻟزﯾﺗون واﻟﻧﺧﯾل ‪.‬‬

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 ‫أھداف اﻟﻣﺷروع‬
‫‪Purposes of the project‬‬

‫‪ .1‬اﻟﮭدف اﻟرﺋﯾﺳﻲ‪ :‬إﺧﺗﯾﺎر أﻓﺿل ﻣوﻗﻊ ﻣﺣطﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ ﻣﯾﺎه اﻟﺻرف اﻟﺻﺣﻲ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .2‬ﺑﻧﺎء ﻗﺎﻋدة ﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت ﺟﻐراﻓﯾﺔ ﺗﺗﺿﻣن اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺈﺧﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﻣوﻗﻊ ﻣن طﺑﻘﺎت وﺷﺑﻛﯾﺎت‬
‫وﻏﯾر ذﻟك‪.‬‬

‫‪ .3‬ﺗﺻﻣﯾم ﻧﻣوذج ھﯾﻛﻠﻲ )‪ (Model Builder‬ﻟﻠﻣﺷروع‪.‬‬

‫‪ .4‬إﺧراج ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ ﻣن اﻟﻠوﺣﺎت واﻟﺧراﺋط اﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺷروع ‪.‬‬

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 ‫اﻟﻣﻌﺎﯾﯾر واﻟﺷروط اﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺷروع‬
‫‪Criterias‬‬

‫‪ .1‬اﻟﺑﻌد ﻋن اﻟﻣﻧﺎطق اﻟﺳﻛﻧﯾﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .2‬اﻟﻘرب ﻣن اﻟطرق اﻟرﺋﯾﺳﯾﺔ واﻹﻗﻠﯾﻣﯾﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .3‬اﻟﻘرب ﻣن اﻷراﺿﻲ اﻟزراﻋﯾﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .4‬اﻟﻘرب ﻣن ﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺗﺻرﯾف ﻣﯾﺎه اﻟﺻرف اﻟﺻﺣﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .5‬اﻟﺑﻌد ﻋن اﻟﻣﻧﺎطق اﻟﺗﺎرﯾﺧﯾﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .6‬اﻟﺑﻌد ﻋن ﺳﺎﺣل اﻟﺑﺣر‪.‬‬
‫‪ .7‬اﻟﺑﻌد ﻋن اﻟﻣﻧﺎطق ذات ﻣﻧﺳوب اﻟﻣﯾﺎه اﻟﺟوﻓﯾﺔ اﻟﻘرﯾب‪.‬‬
‫‪ .8‬أن ﯾﻛون اﻟﻣوﻗﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻧﺎطق ﻗﻠﯾﻠﺔ اﻹﻧﺣدار‪.‬‬
‫‪ .9‬أن ﯾﻛون اﻟﻣوﻗﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻧﺎطق ﻣرﺗﻔﻌﺔ اﻟﻣﻧﺳوب‪.‬‬
‫‪.10‬أن ﯾﻛون اﻟﻣوﻗﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺗرﺑﺔ ﺳﯾﺋﺔ اﻟﺻرف )ﻧﻔﺎذﯾﺔ ﻣﻧﺧﻔﺿﺔ(‪.‬‬
‫‪.11‬ﺑﻌض اﻟﺷروط اﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻣوﻗﻊ اﻟﻣﺣطﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻧﺳﺑﺔ ﻹﺳﺗﺧداﻣﺎت اﻷراﺿﻲ‪.‬‬

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 ‫اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺷروع‬
‫‪Data for the project‬‬

‫ﻻﺑد أن ﻧﺣدد اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺗﻲ ﺳوف ﺗدﺧل ﻋﻣﻠﯾﺎت اﻟﺗﺣﻠﯾل‪ ،‬وﻓﻲ ھذا اﻟﻣﺷروع ﺳﯾﺗم إﺳﺗﺧدام‬
‫اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺗﺎﻟﯾﺔ‪:‬‬
‫)‪(Border‬‬ ‫‪ .1‬اﻟﺣدود اﻹدارﯾﺔ‬
‫)‪(Built_up‬‬ ‫‪ .2‬اﻟﻣﻧﺎطق اﻟﺳﻛﻧﯾﺔ‬
‫)‪(m_r_roads‬‬ ‫‪ .3‬اﻟطرق اﻟرﺋﯾﺳﯾﺔ واﻹﻗﻠﯾﻣﯾﺔ‬
‫)‪(cultivated‬‬ ‫‪ .4‬اﻷراﺿﻲ اﻟزراﻋﯾﺔ‬
‫)‪(sewage_net‬‬ ‫‪ .5‬ﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺗﺻرﯾف ﻣﯾﺎه اﻟﺻرف اﻟﺻﺣﻲ‬
‫)‪(Historical_sites‬‬ ‫‪ .6‬اﻟﻣواﻗﻊ اﻟﺗﺎرﯾﺧﯾﺔ‬
‫)‪(sealine‬‬ ‫‪ .7‬ﺧط ﺳﺎﺣل اﻟﺑﺣر‬
‫)‪(Groundwater_level‬‬ ‫‪ .8‬ﻣﻧﺳوب اﻟﻣﯾﺎه اﻟﺟوﻓﯾﺔ‬
‫)‪(elevation‬‬ ‫‪ .9‬اﻟﻣﻧﺎﺳﯾب‬
‫)‪(soil‬‬ ‫‪.10‬اﻟﺗرﺑﺔ‬
‫)‪(landuse‬‬ ‫‪.11‬إﺳﺗﺧداﻣﺎت اﻷراﺿﻲ‬

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 ‫‪.1‬ﺧرﯾطﺔ اﻟﺣدود اﻹدارﯾﺔ ‪Border‬‬

‫ﺗ م اﻟﺣﺻ ول ﻋﻠ ﻰ‬
‫ﺧرﯾط ﺔ اﻟﺣ دود‬
‫ﻟﻘط ﺎع ﻏ زة‬
‫)‪(gaza_area‬‬
‫ﻣ ن ﺳ ﻠطﺔ ﺟ ودة‬
‫اﻟﺑﯾﺋ ﺔ ‪ ،‬وﻗﻣﻧ ﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺈﻗﺗﺻ ﺎص ﺣ دود‬
‫ﻣﺣﺎﻓظ ﺔ دﯾ ر اﻟ ﺑﻠﺢ‬
‫ﻣن ﺧﻼل اﻹﺳ ﺗﻌﻼم‬
‫ﻋ ن اﻟﻣﺣﺎﻓظ ﺔ ﺛ م‬
‫إﺳﺗﺧدام أﻣر ‪Data‬‬
‫‪Export‬‬ ‫ﺛ م‬
‫‪.data‬‬

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 ‫‪.2‬ﺧرﯾطﺔ اﻟﻣﻧﺎطق اﻟﺳﻛﻧﯾﺔ ‪Built_up‬‬

‫ﺗ م اﻟﺣﺻ ول‬
‫ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺧرﯾط ﺔ‬
‫ﻣن ﺳﻠطﺔ ﺟودة‬
‫اﻟﺑﯾﺋ ﺔ ﻟﻘط ﺎع‬
‫ﻏزة‬
‫ﺎ‬ ‫وﻗﻣﻧ‬
‫ﺑﺈﻗﺗﺻﺎﺻ ﮭﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺣ دود‬
‫ﻣﺣﺎﻓظ ﺔ دﯾ ر‬
‫اﻟ ﺑﻠﺢ ﺑﺈﺳ ﺗﺧدام‬
‫اﻷﻣر ‪. clip‬‬

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 ‫‪m_r_roads‬‬ ‫‪.3‬ﺧرﯾطﺔ اﻟطرق اﻟرﺋﯾﺳﯾﺔ واﻹﻗﻠﯾﻣﯾﺔ‬

‫ﺗ م اﻟﺣﺻ ول ﻋﻠ ﻰ‬
‫ﺧرﯾط ﺔ ﻟﻠط رق‬
‫اﻻﻗﻠﯾﻣﯾ ﺔ وﺧرﯾط ﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠط رق اﻟرﺋﯾﺳ ﯾﺔ ﻣ ن‬
‫ﺳ ﻠطﺔ ﺟ ودة اﻟﺑﯾﺋ ﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻘط ﺎع ﻏ زة‪،‬وﻣن‬
‫ر‬ ‫ﻼل اﻷﻣ‬ ‫ﺧ‬
‫‪ merage‬دﻣﺟﻧ ﺎ‬
‫اﻟطﺑﻘﺗﯾن ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﺿﮭم‪.‬‬
‫ﺛ م ﻗﻣﻧ ﺎ ﺑﺈﻗﺗﺻﺎﺻ ﮭﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺣ دود ﻣﺣﺎﻓظ ﺔ‬
‫دﯾ ر اﻟ ﺑﻠﺢ ﺑﺈﺳ ﺗﺧدام‬
‫اﻷﻣر ‪. clip‬‬

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 ‫‪.4‬ﺧرﯾطﺔ اﻷراﺿﻲ اﻟزراﻋﯾﺔ ‪cultivated‬‬
‫ﺗ م اﻟﺣﺻ ول ﻋﻠﯾﮭ ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ ن ﺧ ﻼل ﺧرﯾط ﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺧداﻣﺎت‬ ‫إﺳ‬
‫اﻷراﺿ ﻲ ﻣ ن ﺳ ﻠطﺔ‬
‫ﺟ ودة اﻟﺑﯾﺋ ﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺑﺈﺳ ﺗﺧدام اﻷﻣ ر‬
‫‪feature class‬‬
‫‪to‬‬ ‫‪feature‬‬
‫‪ class‬اﺳ ﺗوردﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺧرﯾط ﺔ اﻻراﺿ ﻲ‬
‫اﻟزراﻋﯾ ﺔ إﻟ ﻰ ﻗﺎﻋ دة‬
‫اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪.5‬ﺧرﯾطﺔ ﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺗﺻرﯾف ﻣﯾﺎه اﻟﺻرف اﻟﺻﺣﻲ‬
‫‪sewage_net‬‬

‫ﺗ م اﻟﺣﺻ ول ﻋﻠ ﻰ‬
‫ﺧﻣﺳ ﺔ ﻣﺧطط ﺎت‬
‫أﺗوﻛﺎد ﻣن ﻣﺻﻠﺣﺔ ﻣﯾﺎه‬
‫ﺑﻠ دﯾﺎت اﻟﺳ ﺎﺣل ﻟﻌ ﺎم‬
‫‪،2010‬وﺗ م اﻟﺗﺣوﯾ ل‬
‫إﻟ ﻲ ﻗﺎﻋ دة اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧ ﺎت ﻣ ن‬
‫ﺧﻼل اﻷﻣر ‪feature‬‬
‫‪class to feature‬‬
‫‪. class‬‬
‫وﻣ ن ﺧ ﻼل اﻷﻣ ر‬
‫‪ merage‬ﺗ م ﺟﻣ ﻊ‬
‫اﻟطﺑﻘﺎت اﻟﺧﻣس‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪.6‬ﺧرﯾطﺔ اﻟﻣواﻗﻊ اﻟﺗﺎرﯾﺧﯾﺔ‬
‫‪Historical_sites‬‬

‫ﺗ م اﻟﺣﺻ ول ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺛ ﻼث‬
‫طﺑﻘ ﺎت ﻟﻠﻣواﻗ ﻊ اﻟﺗﺎرﯾﺧﯾ ﺔ ﻣ ن‬
‫ﺳﻠطﺔ ﺟودة اﻟﺑﯾﺋﺔ ﻟﻘطﺎع ﻏ زة‬
‫) ‪archsite,OS-SITES,‬‬
‫‪ (ARCH‬وﻣ ن ﺧ ﻼل اﻷﻣ ر‬
‫‪ merge‬ﺗ م دﻣ ﺞ اﻟ ﺛﻼث‬
‫طﺑﻘ ﺎت ﻣ ﻊ ﺑﻌﺿ ﮭم اﻟ ﺑﻌض‬
‫ﻓ ﻲ طﺑﻘ ﺔ واﺣ دة وھ ﻲ‬
‫‪ .Historical_merge‬ﺛ م‬
‫ﻗﻣﻧ ﺎ ﺑﺈﻗﺗﺻﺎﺻ ﮭﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺣ دود‬
‫ﻣﺣﺎﻓظ ﺔ دﯾ ر اﻟ ﺑﻠﺢ ﺑﺈﺳ ﺗﺧدام‬
‫اﻷﻣ ر ‪ clip‬ﻟﻧﺧ رج طﺑﻘ ﺔ‬
‫‪.Historical_sites‬‬

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 ‫‪.7‬ﺧرﯾطﺔ ﺳﺎﺣل اﻟﺑﺣر ‪sealine‬‬

‫ﺗ م اﻟﺣﺻ ول‬
‫ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺧرﯾط ﺔ‬
‫ﻣ ن ﺳ ﻠطﺔ ﺟ ودة‬
‫اﻟﺑﯾﺋ ﺔ ﻟﻘط ﺎع‬
‫ﻏزة‬
‫ﺎ‬ ‫وﻗﻣﻧ‬
‫ﺑﺈﻗﺗﺻﺎﺻﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺣ دود ﻣﺣﺎﻓظ ﺔ‬
‫دﯾ ر اﻟ ﺑﻠﺢ‬
‫ﺑﺈﺳ ﺗﺧدام اﻷﻣ ر‬
‫‪. clip‬‬

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 ‫‪.8‬ﺧرﯾطﺔ ﻣﻧﺳوب اﻟﻣﯾﺎه اﻟﺟوﻓﯾﺔ ‪Groundwater_level‬‬

‫ﺗ م اﻟﺣﺻ ول ﻋﻠ ﻰ‬
‫ﺧرﯾط ﺔ اﻵﺑ ﺎر ﻣ ن‬
‫ﺳ ﻠطﺔ اﻟﻣﯾ ﺎه ﻟﻌ ﺎم‬
‫‪ 2012‬ﻋﻠﻰ ھﯾﺋﺔ ﻣﻠ ف‬
‫إﻛﺳ ل ‪ ،‬وﺗ م اﺳ ﺗﯾراد‬
‫اﻟﻣﻠف اﻟﻲ اﻟﺑرﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻣن‬
‫ﺧﻼل اﻷﻣر ‪Add x,y‬‬
‫‪ .Data‬ﺛ م ﺗ م اﻗﺗط ﺎع‬
‫اﻵﺑ ﺎر ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺣ دود‬
‫اﻟﻣﺣﺎﻓظ ﺔ ﻣ ن ﺧ ﻼل‬
‫اﻷﻣر ‪. clip‬‬

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 ‫‪elevation‬‬ ‫‪.9‬ﺧرﯾطﺔ اﻟﻣﻧﺎﺳﯾب‬
‫• ﺗم اﻟﺣﺻول ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧرﯾطﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻣﻧﺎﺳ ﯾب ﻣ ن ﻧﻣ ﺎذج‬
‫اﻹرﺗﻔﺎﻋ ﺎت اﻟرﻗﻣﯾ ﺔ‬
‫‪ DEM‬ﺣﺳ ب ﻧﻣ وذج‬
‫‪ Aster‬ﺑدﻗ ﺔ ‪30‬م‪،‬وﻣ ن‬
‫ﺧ ﻼل اﻷﻣ ر ‪ Data‬ﺛ م‬
‫‪ Export data‬ﺣوﻟﻧﺎ ﻣ ن‬
‫ﺻ ﯾﻐﺔ ‪ tif‬اﻟ ﻰ ﺻ ﯾﻐﺔ‬
‫‪.(Raster)Grid‬‬
‫وﻣ ن ﺧ ﻼل اﻷﻣ ر‬
‫‪Extract By Mask‬‬
‫ﻗﻣﻧ ﺎ ﺑﺈﻗﺗﺻ ﺎص اﻟﺷ ﺑﻛﯾﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣدود اﻟﻣﺣﺎﻓظﺔ‪.‬‬
‫• وﺗم ﺗﺣوﯾل إﺣداﺛﯾﺎﺗﮭﺎ ﻣ ن‬
‫اﻟﻌ ﺎﻟﻣﻲ إﻟ ﻲ اﻟﻣﺣﻠ ﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳﺗﺧدام اﻻﻣ ر ‪project‬‬
‫‪raster‬‬

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 ‫‪.10‬ﺧرﯾطﺔ اﻟﺗرﺑﺔ ‪soil‬‬

‫ﺗم اﻟﺣﺻول ﻋﻠﻰ‬

‫ﺧرﯾطﺔ اﻟﺗرﺑﺔ ﻣن‬
‫ﺳﻠطﺔ ﺟودة اﻟﺑﯾﺋﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻘطﺎع ﻏزة‬
‫وﻗﻣﻧ ﺎ ﺑﺈﻗﺗﺻﺎﺻ ﮭﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣدود ﻣﺣﺎﻓظﺔ‬
‫دﯾر اﻟ ﺑﻠﺢ ﺑﺈﺳ ﺗﺧدام‬
‫اﻷﻣر ‪. clip‬‬

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 ‫‪.11‬ﺧرﯾطﺔ إﺳﺗﺧداﻣﺎت اﻷراﺿﻲ ‪landuse‬‬

‫ﺗم اﻟﺣﺻ ول ﻋﻠ ﻰ‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺧرﯾط‬
‫ﺗﺧداﻣﺎت‬ ‫إﺳ‬
‫اﻷراﺿ ﻲ ﻣ ن‬
‫ﺳﻠطﺔ ﺟودة اﻟﺑﯾﺋﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻘطﺎع ﻏزة‬
‫وﻗﻣﻧﺎ ﺑﺈﻗﺗﺻﺎﺻﮭﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺣ دود‬
‫ﻣﺣﺎﻓظﺔ دﯾر اﻟﺑﻠﺢ‬
‫ﺑﺈﺳ ﺗﺧدام اﻷﻣ ر‬
‫‪. clip‬‬

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 Analysis ‫ﻣﺧطط ﻋﻣﻠﯾﺎت اﻟﺗﺣﻠﯾل‬
scheme

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 Steps of project ‫ﻣراﺣل اﻟﻣﺷروع‬

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 ‫اﻟﻣرﺣﻠﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ‪:‬إدﺧﺎل اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت ‪Input Dataset‬‬
‫ﺎﻣﺞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺢ اﻟﺑرﻧ‬ ‫•ﻓ‬

‫• ﺗﻌرﯾ ف ﻧظ ﺎم اﻹﺣ داﺛﯾﺎت وھ و‬

‫‪Palestine 1923 Palestine‬‬
‫‪،Grid‬واﻟ ذي ﯾ ﺗم ﺗﺣدﯾ ده ﺣﺳ ب‬
‫اﻟﻣﻧطﻘ ﺔ وھ دف وﻏ رض اﻟﻣﺷ روع‬
‫ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫واﻟﺧرﯾط‬

‫• إدراج ﺷ رﯾط اﻟﺗﺣﻠﯾ ل اﻟﻣﻛ ﺎﻧﻲ‪.‬‬

‫ﺎت‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧ‬ ‫• إﺿ‬

‫• اﻟﺣﻔظ اﻟﻧﺳﺑﻲ ‪.‬‬

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 ‫إﻋدادات ﺧﺻﺎﺋص اﻟﺗﺣﻠﯾل‬
setting the analysis properties

(working directoly) ‫•ﻣﺟﻠد اﻟﻌﻣل‬

grid ‫اﻟذي ﯾﺗم ﻓﯾﮫ ﺣﻔظ ﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﺗﺣﻠﯾل ﻧﺧﺗﺎر ﻣﺟﻠد‬

(mask) ‫•اﻟﻘﻧﺎع‬
Border ‫طﺑﻘﺔ اﻟﺣدود اﻹدارﯾﺔ‬

(Extent) (‫•اﻹﻣﺗداد )ﺣدود اﻟﺗﺣﻠﯾل‬

Border ‫طﺑﻘﺔ اﻟﺣدود اﻹدارﯾﺔ‬

(cell size) ‫•ﺣﺟم اﻟﺧﻠﯾﺔ‬

elevation ‫طﺑﻘﺔ اﻟﻣﻧﺎﺳﯾب‬

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 Derive Dataset ‫إﺳﺗﻧﺑﺎط اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت‬: ‫اﻟﻣرﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺛﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬
1.Deriving Surface from Build_up
‫• ﺗﺣوﯾ ل طﺑﻘ ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻣﻧﺎطق اﻟﺳ ﻛﻧﯾﺔ‬
feature ) ‫ﻣ ن‬
‫( إﻟ ﻰ‬class
Grid theme
‫ﻣ ن ﺧ ﻼل‬،
‫ﺷ رﯾط اﻟﺗﺣﻠﯾ ل‬
‫اﻟﻣﻛ ﺎﻧﻲ ﻧﺧﺗ ﺎر‬
‫ﺛ م‬Convert
Feature to
. raster

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 2.Deriving Surface from cultivated

‫• ﺗﺣوﯾ ل طﺑﻘ ﺔ‬
‫ﻲ‬ ‫اﻷراﺿ‬
‫اﻟزراﻋﯾ ﺔ ﻣ ن‬
feature )
‫( إﻟ ﻰ‬class
Grid
‫ﻣ ن‬، theme
‫ﺧ ﻼل ﺷ رﯾط‬
‫اﻟﺗﺣﻠﯾ ل اﻟﻣﻛ ﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺎر‬ ‫ﻧﺧﺗ‬
‫ﺛ م‬Convert
Feature to
. raster

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 3.Deriving Surface From Soil

‫• ﺗﺣوﯾ ل‬
‫طﺑﻘ ﺔ اﻟﺗرﺑ ﺔ‬
‫ن‬ ‫ﻣ‬
feature )
‫( إﻟﻰ‬class
Grid
theme
‫ﻣ ن ﺧ ﻼل‬،
‫رﯾط‬ ‫ﺷ‬
‫ل‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺣﻠﯾ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻛ‬
‫ﺎر‬ ‫ﻧﺧﺗ‬
Convert
‫م‬ ‫ﺛ‬
Feature
to raster
.

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 4.Deriving Surface from landuse

‫• ﺗﺣوﯾ ل طﺑﻘ ﺔ‬
‫اﺳ ﺗﺧداﻣﺎت‬
‫اﻷراﺿ ﻲ ﻣ ن‬
feature )
‫( إﻟ ﻰ‬class
Grid
‫ﻣ ن‬، theme
‫ﺧ ﻼل ﺷ رﯾط‬
‫اﻟﺗﺣﻠﯾل اﻟﻣﻛ ﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺎر‬ ‫ﻧﺧﺗ‬
‫ﺛ م‬Convert
Feature to
. raster

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 ‫‪5.Deriving Distance to m_r_roads‬‬

‫• إﺳﺗﻧﺑﺎط ﺷ ﺑﻛﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﻣﺳ ﺎﻓﺔ‬

‫ﻋ ن اﻟط رق اﻻﻗﻠﯾﻣﯾ ﺔ‬
‫واﻟرﺋﯾﺳ ﯾﺔ ﺑﺎﺳ ﺗﺧدام‬
‫اﻷﻣر ‪.Straight line‬‬
‫•وھﻧ ﺎ ﻻ ﺑ د ﻣ ن اﻟﻘ رب‬
‫ﻣ ن ﺷ ﺑﻛﺔ اﻟﻣواﺻ ﻼت‬
‫ﻟﺗزوﯾد اﻟﻣﺣطﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﻌ دات‬
‫وﺗﺳﮭﯾل اﻟوﺻ ول اﻟﯾﮭ ﺎ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻔ ﻲ ﺣﺎﻟ ﺔ ﻋ دم ﺗ وﻓر‬
‫طرﯾ ق زﻓﺗ ﻲ ﯾ ؤدي إﻟ ﻰ‬
‫ﺻ ﻌوﺑﺎت ﻓ ﻲ وﺻ ول‬
‫اﻟﺷ ﺎﺣﻧﺎت اﻟﻛﺑﯾ رة‬
‫وﺳ ﯾﺎرات رﻓ ﻊ اﻷﺣﻣ ﺎل‬
‫اﻟﺛﻘﯾﻠﺔ‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪6.Deriving Distance to sew_net‬‬

‫• إﺳ ﺗﻧﺑﺎط ﺷ ﺑﻛﯾﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻣﺳ ﺎﻓﺔ ﻋ ن ﺷ ﺑﻛﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺻ رﯾف ﻣﯾ ﺎه‬
‫اﻟﺻ رف اﻟﺻ ﺣﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳ ﺗﺧدام اﻷﻣ ر‬
‫‪.Straight line‬‬
‫•وھﻧ ﺎ ﻻ ﺑ د ﻣ ن‬
‫اﻟﻘ رب ﻣ ن ﺷ ﺑﻛﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺻ رﯾف اﻟﻣﯾ ﺎه‬
‫ﻟﺗﺳ ﮭﯾل ﻧﻘ ل اﻟﻣﯾ ﺎه‬
‫إﻟ ﻲ اﻟﻣﺣط ﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺗﻛﺎﻟﯾف أﻗل‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪7.Deriving Distance to Historical_site‬‬

‫• إﺳ ﺗﻧﺑﺎط ﺷ ﺑﻛﯾﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻣﺳﺎﻓﺔ ﻋن اﻟﻣواﻗﻊ‬
‫اﻟﺗﺎرﯾﺧﯾ ﺔ ﺑﺎﺳ ﺗﺧدام‬
‫اﻷﻣر ‪.Straight‬‬
‫‪line‬‬
‫•وھﻧ ﺎ ﻻ ﺑ د ﻣ ن‬
‫اﻟﺑﻌ د ﻋ ن ھ ذه‬
‫اﻟﻣواﻗ ﻊ ﺣﺗ ﻰ ﻻ‬
‫ﯾﺗ ﺄﺛر اﻟﺳ ﯾﺎح‬
‫ﺑرواﺋﺢ اﻟﻣﯾﺎه اﻟﻐﯾ ر‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟ ﺔ‪،‬وﺗﻔﺎدﯾﺎ ً ﻷي‬
‫ﻣﺷ ﻛﻠﺔ ﻗ د ﺗﺣ دث‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺣط ﺔ ﻣ ن‬
‫ﻓﯾﺿﺎن أو أﻋطﺎل‪.‬‬

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 8.Deriving Distance to sealine

‫• إﺳﺗﻧﺑﺎط ﺷﺑﻛﯾﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻣﺳﺎﻓﺔ ﻋن ﺧط‬
‫ﺎﺣل‬ ‫اﻟﺳ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳ ﺗﺧدام اﻷﻣ ر‬
.Straight
line
‫•وھﻧ ﺎ ﻻ ﺑ د ﻣ ن‬
‫اﻟﺑﻌ د ﻋﻧ ﮫ ﺣﺗ ﻰ‬
‫ﻻ ﯾﻛ ون ﻣواﺟ ﮫ‬
‫ﻟﻠرﯾ ﺎح اﻟﺑﺣرﯾ ﺔ‬
. ‫اﻟﻐرﺑﯾﺔ‬

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 ‫‪9.Deriving slope‬‬

‫•إﺳ ﺗﻧﺑﺎط ﺷ ﺑﻛﯾﺔ‬

‫اﻹﻧﺣ دار ﻣ ن ﺷ ﺑﻛﯾﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻣﻧﺎﺳﯾب‪.‬‬
‫•وھﻧ ﺎ ﻻ ﺑ د ان ﺗﻛ ون‬
‫اﻟﻣﺣط ﺔ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻧﺣ دار‬
‫ﻣ ﻧﺧﻔض ﻏﯾ ر ﺷ دﯾد‬
‫ﻟﺗﻘﻠﯾ ل ﺗﻛ ﺎﻟﯾف ﺗﺳ وﯾﺔ‬
‫اﻻرض‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪10.Interpolation to wells‬‬

‫اﻟﺗﺧﻣ ﯾن ﻟطﺑﻘ ﺔ اﻵﺑ ﺎر‬

‫ﻹﺳ ﺗﺧﻼص طﺑﻘ ﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻧﺎﺳ ﯾب اﻟﻣﯾ ﺎه اﻟﺟوﻓﯾ ﺔ‬
‫أي اﺳ ﺗﺧﻼص ﺳ طﺢ‬
‫ﻣ ن ﻣﺟﻣوﻋ ﺔ ﻧﻘ ﺎط‬
‫اﻵﺑﺎر‪.‬‬
‫وﻟﻘد ﺗم اﺳ ﺗﺧدام طرﯾﻘ ﺔ‬
‫‪ IDW‬ﻓ ﻲ ﻋﻣﻠﯾ ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺗﺧﻣﯾن‪.‬‬

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 ‫اﻟﻣرﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺛﺎﻟﺛﺔ ‪:‬إﻋﺎدة ﺗﺻﻧﯾف اﻟطﺑﻘﺎت‬
‫)‪(Reclassify Datasets‬‬

‫• إﻋﺎدة ﺗﺻﻧﯾف اﻟطﺑﻘﺎت ﯾﺗم ﺿﻣن ﻣﻘﯾﺎس ﻣﺷﺗرك ﻣن ‪، 10-1‬ﻋﻠﻣﺎ ً ﺑﺄن‬

‫اﻟﻘﯾم اﻟﻌﻠﯾﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﻘﯾﺎس ﻟﮭﺎ اﻟﺧواص اﻷﻛﺛر ﻣﻼﺋﻣﺔ‪.‬‬

‫أﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﻼﺋﻣﺔ‬ ‫‪10‬‬

‫أﻗل ﻣﻼﺋﻣﺔ‬ ‫‪1‬‬

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 ‫‪1.Reclassifying Surface From Built_up‬‬
‫•ﻣ ن اﻟﻣﻔﺿ ل أن ﯾﻛ ون‬
‫ﻣوﻗﻊ اﻟﻣﺣط ﺔ ﺑﻌﯾ دا ً ﻋ ن‬
‫اﻟﻣﻧﺎطق اﻟﺳﻛﻧﯾﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫•ﻟ ذﻟك ﺳ ﯾﺗم ﺗﺻ ﻧﯾف‬
‫ﺷ ﺑﻛﯾﺔ اﻟﻣﻧ ﺎطق اﻟﺳ ﻛﻧﯾﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺣﯾ ث ﻧﻌط ﻲ اﻟﻘﯾﻣ ﺔ ‪10‬‬
‫إﻟﻰ اﻟﻣﻧﺎطق اﻟﺑﻌﯾ دة ﻋ ن‬
‫اﻟﻣﻧ ﺎطق اﻟﺳ ﻛﻧﯾﺔ وھ ﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻣطﻠوﺑﺔ ‪،‬وﻧﻌطﻲ اﻟﻘﯾﻣﺔ‬
‫‪ 1‬إﻟ ﻰ اﻟﻣﻧ ﺎطق اﻟﻘرﯾﺑ ﺔ‬
‫ﻣن اﻟﻣﻧﺎطق اﻟﺳﻛﻧﯾﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫درﺟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻧطﻘﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻣﻼﺋﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻛﻧﯾﺔ‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪BUP‬‬
‫‪CAMP‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪No_built‬‬

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 2.Reclassifying Surface from cultivated
‫وھﻧ ﺎ ﺳ ﯾﺗم إﻋ ﺎدة ﺗﺻ ﻧﯾف اﻷراﺿ ﻲ‬
: 10-1 ‫اﻟزراﻋﯾﺔ ﺣﺳب اﻟﻣﺣﺎﺻﯾل ﻣن‬
‫درﺟﺔ‬ ‫إﺳم اﻟﻣﺣﺻول‬
‫اﻟﻣﻼﺋﻣﺔ‬
7 Almonds
9 Olives
10 Horticulture
3 Grapes
8 Dates
Citrus
6 Citrus mixed wit

2 Greenhouses
1 Rainfed Crops
Non-cultivated

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 3.Reclassifying Surface From Soil
‫ﺗ ﺗم ﻋﻣﻠﯾ ﺔ اﻟﺗﺻ ﻧﯾف ھﻧ ﺎ‬
‫ﺣﺳ ب ﻧ وع اﻟﺗرﺑ ﺔ ﻋﻠ ﻰ‬
:‫اﻟﻧﺣو اﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫درﺟﺔ‬ ‫إﺳم اﻟﺗرﺑﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻣﻼﺋﻣﺔ‬

7 Loamy Sand

9 Loamy Soil

5 Sandy Loam

1 Sandy Soil

4 Silty Clay
Loam
3 Silty Loam

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 4.Reclassifying Surface from landuse
‫إﺳﺗﺧدام اﻷرض‬ ‫درﺟﺔ اﻟﻣﻼﺋﻣﺔ‬ ‫إﻋ ﺎدة اﻟﺗﺻ ﻧﯾف ھﻧ ﺎ‬
Recreation 3
‫ﺗ ﺗم ﻋﻠ ﻰ أﺳ ﺎس‬
‫ﺗﺣدﯾ د درﺟ ﺎت‬
Nature Reserve 2
‫اﻟﻣﻼﺋﻣ ﺔ ﻟﻛ ل‬
Important Natural Resource 1 ‫إﺳ ﺗﺧدام ﻣ ن‬
Natural Resource 2 TW
‫اﻹﺳ ﺗﺧداﻣﺎت وھ ﻲ‬
Mawasi No Data
:‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻧﺣو اﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ‬
Built-up No Data
Existing Industrial Area
Proposed Industrial Area 9

Soild Waste Disposal Site 8

Fisheries Site 4
Cultivated 7
Cultivated by treated water 10
Urban Development 5

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 ‫‪5.Reclassifying Distance to m_r_roads‬‬
‫•اﻟﻣﺣطﺔ ﯾﺟ ب أن ﺗﻛ ون‬
‫ﻗرﯾﺑ ﺔ ﻣ ن اﻟط رق‬
‫اﻟرﺋﯾﺳﯾﺔ واﻹﻗﻠﯾﻣﯾﺔ‪.‬‬
‫•ﻟ ذﻟك ﺳ ﯾﺗم إﻋ ﺎدة‬
‫ﺗﺻ ﻧﯾف طﺑﻘ ﺔ اﻟﻣﺳ ﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﻋ ن اﻟط رق اﻻﻗﻠﯾﻣﯾ ﺔ‬
‫واﻟرﺋﯾﺳ ﯾﺔ وإﻋط ﺎء‬
‫اﻟﻘﯾﻣ ﺔ ‪ 10‬ﻟﻠﻣﻧ ﺎطق‬
‫اﻷﻗ رب إﻟ ﻰ اﻟط رق‬
‫وھ ﻲ اﻟﻣﻧﺎﺳ ﺑﺔ ‪،‬وإﻋط ﺎء‬
‫اﻟﻘﯾﻣ ﺔ ‪ 1‬إﻟﻠ ﻰ اﻟﻣواﻗ ﻊ‬
‫اﻟﺑﻌﯾ دة وھ ﻲ اﻷﻗ ل‬
‫ﻣﻧﺎﺳﺑﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫•اﻟﻧﺗﯾﺟ ﺔ ھ ﻲ اﻟﻣﻧ ﺎطق‬
‫اﻟﻘرﯾﺑ ﺔ واﻟﺑﻌﯾ دة ﻋ ن‬
‫اﻟط رق اﻟرﺋﯾﺳ ﯾﺔ‬
‫واﻹﻗﻠﯾﻣﯾﺔ‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪6.Reclassifying Distance to sew_net‬‬
‫•اﻟﻣﺣط ﺔ ﯾﺟ ب أن ﺗﻛ ون‬
‫ﻗرﯾﺑ ﺔ ﻣ ن ﺷ ﺑﻛﺔ ﺻ رف‬
‫ﻣﯾﺎه اﻟﺻرف‪.‬‬
‫•ﻟذﻟك ﺳ ﯾﺗم إﻋ ﺎدة ﺗﺻ ﻧﯾف‬
‫طﺑﻘ ﺔ اﻟﻣﺳ ﺎﻓﺔ ﻋ ن ﺷ ﺑﻛﺔ‬
‫ﺧط وط ﻣﯾ ﺎه اﻟﺻ رف‬
‫اﻟﺻ ﺣﻲ وإﻋط ﺎء اﻟﻘﯾﻣ ﺔ‬
‫‪ 10‬ﻟﻠﻣﻧ ﺎطق اﻷﻗ رب إﻟ ﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺷ ﺑﻛﺔ وھ ﻲ اﻟﻣﻧﺎﺳ ﺑﺔ‬
‫‪،‬وإﻋط ﺎء اﻟﻘﯾﻣ ﺔ ‪ 1‬إﻟ ﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻣواﻗﻊ اﻟﺑﻌﯾدة وھ ﻲ اﻷﻗ ل‬
‫ﻣﻧﺎﺳﺑﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫•اﻟﻧﺗﯾﺟ ﺔ ھ ﻲ اﻟﻣﻧ ﺎطق‬
‫اﻟﻘرﯾﺑﺔ واﻟﺑﻌﯾ دة ﻋ ن ﺷ ﺑﻛﺔ‬
‫ﻣﯾﺎه اﻟﺻرف اﻟﺻﺣﻲ‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪7.Reclassifying Distance to Historical_site‬‬

‫•اﻟﻣﺣط ﺔ ﯾﺟ ب أن ﺗﻛ ون‬
‫ﺑﻌﯾ دة ﻋ ن اﻟﻣواﻗ ﻊ‬
‫اﻟﺗﺎرﯾﺧﯾﺔ‪.‬‬
‫•ﻟذﻟك ﺳ ﯾﺗم إﻋ ﺎدة ﺗﺻ ﻧﯾف‬
‫طﺑﻘ ﺔ اﻟﻣﺳ ﺎﻓﺔ ﻋ ن اﻟﻣواﻗ ﻊ‬
‫اﻟﺗﺎرﯾﺧﯾ ﺔ وإﻋط ﺎء اﻟﻘﯾﻣ ﺔ‬
‫‪ 10‬ﻟﻠﻣﻧ ﺎطق اﻟﺑﻌﯾ دة ﻋ ن‬
‫اﻟﻣواﻗ ﻊ اﻟﺗﺎرﯾﺧﯾ ﺔ وھ ﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻣﻧﺎﺳﺑﺔ ‪،‬وإﻋطﺎء اﻟﻘﯾﻣﺔ ‪1‬‬
‫إﻟﻠﻰ اﻟﻣواﻗﻊ ااﻟﻘرﯾﺑ ﺔ وھ ﻲ‬
‫اﻷﻗل ﻣﻧﺎﺳﺑﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫•اﻟﻧﺗﯾﺟ ﺔ ھ ﻲ اﻟﻣﻧ ﺎطق‬
‫اﻟﻘرﯾﺑ ﺔ واﻟﺑﻌﯾ دة ﻋ ن‬
‫اﻟﻣواﻗﻊ اﻟﺗﺎرﯾﺧﯾﺔ‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪8.Reclassifying Distance to sealine‬‬
‫•ﯾﻔﺿ ل أن ﺗﻛ ون اﻟﻣﺣط ﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻌﯾدة ﻋن ﺧط اﻟﺳﺎﺣل‪.‬‬
‫•ﻟذﻟك ﺳ ﯾﺗم إﻋ ﺎدة ﺗﺻ ﻧﯾف‬
‫طﺑﻘ ﺔ اﻟﻣﺳ ﺎﻓﺔ ﻋ ن ﺧ ط‬
‫اﻟﺳﺎﺣل وإﻋطﺎء اﻟﻘﯾﻣﺔ ‪10‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﻣﻧ ﺎطق اﻟﺑﻌﯾ دة ﻋ ن ﺧ ط‬
‫اﻟﺳ ﺎﺣل وھ ﻲ اﻟﻣﻧﺎﺳ ﺑﺔ‬
‫‪،‬وإﻋط ﺎء اﻟﻘﯾﻣ ﺔ ‪ 1‬إﻟ ﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻣﻧﺎطق اﻟﻘرﯾﺑﺔ وھﻲ اﻷﻗل‬
‫ﻣﻧﺎﺳﺑﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫•اﻟﻧﺗﯾﺟ ﺔ ھ ﻲ اﻟﻣﻧ ﺎطق‬
‫اﻟﻘرﯾﺑ ﺔ واﻟﺑﻌﯾ دة ﻋ ن ﺧ ط‬
‫اﻟﺳﺎﺣل ‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪9.Reclassifying slope‬‬
‫•ﯾﻔﺿ ل أن ﺗﻛ ون‬
‫اﻟﻣﺣط ﺔ ﻋﻠ ﻰ أرض‬
‫ذات اﻧﺣدار ﻗﻠﯾل ‪.‬‬
‫•ﻟ ذﻟك ﺳ ﯾﺗم إﻋ ﺎدة‬
‫ﺗﺻ ﻧﯾف طﺑﻘ ﺔ‬
‫اﻻﻧﺣ دار وإﻋط ﺎء‬
‫ﺔ ‪10‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﯾﻣ‬
‫درات ذات‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻣﻧﺣ‬
‫اﻟزواﯾ ﺎ اﻷﻗ ل وھ ﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻣﻧﺎﺳ ﺑﺔ ‪،‬وإﻋط ﺎء‬
‫اﻟﻘﯾﻣ ﺔ ‪ 1‬إﻟ ﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻣﻧﺣ درات اﻟﺗ ﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺣﻣ ل زواﯾ ﺎ ﺣ ﺎدة‬
‫وھﯾﻐﯾ ر ﻣﻧﺎﺳ ﺑﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻣوﻗﻊ‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪9.Reclassifying Elevation‬‬
‫•ﯾﻔﺿ ل أن ﺗﻛ ون‬
‫اﻟﻣﺣط ﺔ ﻋﻠ ﻰ أرض‬
‫ﻣرﺗﻔﻌﺔ اﻟﻣﻧﺳوب‪.‬‬
‫•ﻟ ذﻟك ﺳ ﯾﺗم إﻋ ﺎدة‬
‫ﺗﺻ ﻧﯾف طﺑﻘ ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻣﻧﺎﺳ ﯾب وإﻋط ﺎء‬
‫اﻟﻘﯾﻣﺔ ‪ 10‬ﻟﻠﻣﻧﺎﺳ ﯾب‬
‫اﻟﻣرﺗﻔﻌ ﺔ وھ ﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻣﻧﺎﺳ ﺑﺔ ‪،‬وإﻋط ﺎء‬
‫اﻟﻘﯾﻣ ﺔ ‪ 1‬إﻟ ﻰ‬
‫ﯾب‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻧﺎﺳ‬
‫اﻟﻣﻧﺧﻔﺿ ﺔ‪ ،‬وھ ﻲ‬
‫ﻏﯾر ﻣﻧﺎﺳﺑﺔ ﻟﻠﻣوﻗﻊ‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪10.Reclassifying Groundwater_level‬‬
‫•ﯾﺟ ب أن ﺗﻛ ون‬
‫اﻟﻣﺣط ﺔ ﺑﻌﯾ دة ﻋ ن‬
‫ﻣﻧﺳ وب اﻟﻣﯾ ﺎه‬
‫اﻟﺟوﻓﯾﺔ‪.‬‬
‫•ﻟ ذﻟك ﺳ ﯾﺗم إﻋ ﺎدة‬
‫ﺗﺻ ﻧﯾف طﺑﻘ ﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻧﺎﺳ ﯾب اﻟﻣﯾ ﺎه‬
‫اﻟﺟوﻓﯾ ﺔ وإﻋط ﺎء‬
‫ﺔ ‪10‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﯾﻣ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻣﻧﺎﺳ ﯾب اﻟﺑﻌﯾ دة‬
‫وھ ﻲ اﻟﻣﻧﺎﺳ ﺑﺔ‬
‫‪،‬وإﻋط ﺎء اﻟﻘﯾﻣ ﺔ ‪1‬‬
‫إﻟ ﻰ اﻟﻣﻧﺎﺳ ﯾب‬
‫اﻟﻘرﯾﺑ ﺔ‪ ،‬وھ ﻲ ﻏﯾ ر‬
‫ﻣﻧﺎﺳﺑﺔ ﻟﻠﻣوﻗﻊ‪.‬‬

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 weight and combine ‫اﻟوزن واﻟﺟﻣﻊ‬: ‫اﻟﻣرﺣﻠﺔ اﻟراﺑﻌﺔ‬

‫اﻟطﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻧﺳﺑﺔ‬ ‫•ﺑﻌ د ﺗﺻ ﻧﯾف اﻟطﺑﻘ ﺎت‬

Rec_ras_Built_up 20% ‫ﻋﻠ ﻰ أﺳ ﺎس ﻣﻘﯾ ﺎس‬
Rec_dist_m_r_roads 11% ‫ﺣﯾث اﻟﻘﯾم اﻟﻌﻠﯾ ﺎ‬، ‫ﻣﺷﺗرك‬
‫ﻟﻠﺧﻼﯾ ﺎ ﺗﺷ ﯾر إﻟ ﻰ‬
Rec_ras_cultivated 10%
.‫اﻟﺧواص اﻷﻛﺛر ﻣﻼﺋﻣﺔ‬
Rec_dist_sewage_net 10% ‫•وﻓ ﻲ ھ ذه اﻟﻣرﺣﻠ ﺔ ﺳ ﯾﺗم‬
Rec_dist_Historical_sites 9% ‫وزن اﻟطﺑﻘ ﺎت ﺣﺳ ب‬
Rec_dist_sealine 6% ‫ﻧﺳب ﺗ ﺄﺛﯾر ﻛ ل طﺑﻘ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ‬
‫وﻣ ن ﺛ م ﺟﻣ ﻊ‬، ‫اﻟﻣﺷ روع‬
Rec_inter_Groundwater_level 9%
‫اﻟطﺑﻘ ﺎت اﻟﻣوزوﻧ ﺔ ﻣ ﻊ‬
Rec_elevation 3% .‫ﺑﻌﺿﮭﺎ‬
Rec_ras_soil 7% ‫•وﺗ م إﻋط ﺎء اﻟطﺑﻘ ﺎت‬
Rec_ras_landuse 9% : ‫اﻟﻧﺳب اﻟﺗﺎﻟﯾﺔ‬
Rec_slope 6%

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 Raster Calculator ‫ﻋﻣﻠﯾﺔ اﻟوزن واﻟﺟﻣﻊ ﻣن ﺧﻼل‬

‫ﺑﺣﯾث ﯾﻧﺗﺞ ﻋن ﻋﻣﻠﯾﺔ اﻟوزن واﻟﺟﻣﻊ ﺧرﯾطﺔ اﻟﻣﻼﺋﻣﺔ‬

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 suitability ‫ﺧرﯾطﺔ اﻟﻣﻼﺋﻣﺔ‬

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 ‫اﻟﻣرﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺧﺎﻣﺳﺔ ‪:‬إﺳﻘﺎط اﻟﻣﺷروع ﻋﻠﻰ أرض اﻟواﻗﻊ‬

‫•ﺣﯾ ث ﯾ ﺗم ﺗﺣوﯾ ل‬
‫ﺣ دود اﻟﻣﻧ ﺎطق‬
‫اﻟﻣﻼﺋﻣ ﺔ ذات اﻟﻘ ﯾم‬
‫‪ 10‬او اﻟﻘرﯾﺑﺔ ﻣﻧﮭﺎ‬
‫إﻟﻰ إﺣداﺛﯾﺎت ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬إﻋ ﺎدة ﺗﺻ ﻧﯾف‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺧرﯾط‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻼﺋﻣ‬
‫ﻻدﺧﺎﻟﮭ ﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺳ‬
‫طوح‬ ‫اﻟﺳ‬
‫‪Raster‬‬
‫‪Calculator‬‬

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 ‫‪.2‬ﻓﺻ ل اﻟﻣﻧ ﺎطق اﻟﻣﺧﺗ ﺎرة‬
‫ﺑواﺳ طﺔ ﺣﺎﺳ ﺑﺔ اﻟﺳ طوح‬
‫ﺑﺣﯾ ث ﺗﻛ ون اﻟﻣﻧ ﺎطق‬
‫اﻟﻣﺻﻧﻔﺔ ﺗﺳﺎوي ‪ 10‬ﻛﻣﺎ ھو‬
‫ورة‪.‬‬ ‫ﯾن ﺑﺎﻟﺻ‬ ‫ﻣﺑ‬
‫وﯾﻛ ون اﻟﻧ ﺎﺗﺞ ﻋﺑ ﺎرة ﻋ ن‬
‫ﺎ‪0‬و‪1‬‬ ‫ﺑﻛﯾﺔ ﻓﯾﮭ‬ ‫ﺷ‬
‫ﺑﺣﯾث ﯾﻣﺛل ‪ 0‬اﻟﻣﻧﺎطق اﻟﻐﯾر‬
‫اﻟﻣﺣﻘﻘ ﺔ ﻟﻠﺷ رط ‪ ،‬و ﯾﻣﺛ ل ‪1‬‬
‫اﻟﻣﻧﺎطق اﻟﻣﺣﻘﻘﺔ ﻟﺷرط وھﻲ‬
‫ذات اﻟﻠون اﻻزرق ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺗﺣوﯾل‬.3
‫اﻟﺷ ﺑﻛﯾﺔ اﻟ ﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻧظ ﺎم اﻟﺧط ﻲ‬
‫ﺣﺗ ﻰ ﻧ ﺗﻣﻛن‬
‫ﻣ ن ﻓﺻ ل‬
‫ﺎطق‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻧ‬
‫اﻟﻣﺣﻘﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﺷرط‬
‫ﻋ ن اﻟﻣﻧ ﺎطق‬
. ‫اﻻﺧ رى‬
‫وذﻟ ك ﻣ ن‬
‫ﺧ ﻼل اﻻﻣ ر‬
raster to
feature

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 ‫‪.4‬ﻓﺻ ل اﻟﻣﻧ ﺎطق‬
‫اﻟﺗ ﻲ ﺗﻣﺛ ل درﺟ ﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻼﺋﻣ ﺔ اﻋﻠ ﻰ ﻋ ن‬
‫ﺑ ﺎﻗﻲ اﻟﻣﻧ ﺎطق‬
‫وھ ﻲ اﻟﻣﻧ ﺎطق‬
‫اﻟﻣﺣﻘﻘ ﺔ ﻟﻠﺷ رط‪،‬‬
‫وﯾوﺟ د ﻋ دة ط رق‬
‫ﻟ ذﻟك ﻣﻧﮭ ﺎ اﻣﻛﺎﻧﯾ ﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻣ ل اﺳ ﺗﻌﻼم ﻣ ن‬
‫ﺟ دول اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧ ﺎت‬
‫اﻟوﺻ ﻔﯾﺔ ﻋ ن‬
‫اﻟﻣﻧﺎطق اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻣﺛل‬
‫ال ‪ 1‬ﺛ م ﻓﺻ ل‬
‫اﻟﻣﻧطﻘ ﺔ اﻟﻣﺣ ددة‬
‫ﻓﻲ طﺑﻘﺔ ﺟدﯾدة‬

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 ‫ل‬ ‫ﺗﺣوﯾ‬.5
‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻧطﻘ‬
‫اﻟﻣﺧﺗ ﺎرة اﻟ ﻲ‬
.‫ﺧطوط‬
‫ﻣ ن ﺧ ﻼل‬
‫ر‬ ‫اﻻﻣ‬
feature to
line

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 ‫ﺗﺣوﯾ ل ﺣ دود‬.6
‫ﺎطق‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻧ‬
‫اﻟﻣﺧﺗ ﺎرة ﻣ ن‬
‫ﺧط وط اﻟ ﻲ‬
.‫ﻧﻘﺎط‬
‫ﻣن ﺧﻼل اﻻﻣر‬
feature
vertices to
point

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 ‫ ﺑﺎﺳ ﺗﺧدام‬.7
add x,y ‫اﻻﻣر‬
coordinates
‫ﺗ م اﺳ ﺗﺧﻼص‬
‫اﺣ داﺛﯾﺎت ﻧﻘ ﺎط‬
‫ﺎطق‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻧ‬
‫ﺎرة‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺧﺗ‬
‫وﺣﻔظﮭ ﺎ ﻓ ﻲ‬
‫ﺟ دول اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧ ﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺧﺎص ﺑﺎﻟطﺑﻘﺔ‬

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 Model Builder

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 toolbox ‫أداة‬

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 ‫ ؟‬... ‫أي اﺳﺋﻠﺔ او اﺳﺗﻔﺳﺎرات‬

LOGO

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