Nama : Ipung Totok Andriawan

NIM : 2201419056

Identification the organs of speech that producing vowels

Pure vowels of English can be classified into three groups according to the general area
of the mouth in which they are made or produced. There are three areas in which pure vowels are
produced: Front, Central and Back.

Front Vowels (“/i/”,”/ɪ/”, “/ɛ/”, “/æ/”)

Front vowels are produced with the front part of the tongue raised towards the hard palate.

The vowel /i/ (as in the word heed) is the vowel made with the highest tongue elevation – it is the
close vowel.

The second vowel /ɪ/ (as in the word hid) is made with the tongue lowered slightly in the mouth,
but not quite to the mid position: it is nearer the mid-high position.

The third vowel is /ɛ/ (as in head). 

The fourth, and final, vowel is /æ/ (as in had). Whilst it is not quite fully open, being articulated
in an intermediate position between low and mid-low, it does have the lowest tongue elevation of
all the front vowels.

Back Vowels (“/u/”,”/ʊ/”,”/ɔ/”,”/ɑ/”,”/ɒ/”)

Back vowels are made with rounded lips and just one with unrounded lips.

The vowel /u/ (as in food) is made with rounded lips.

The second high vowel is /ʊ/ (as in good). It is similarly made with rounded lips. However, it is
also articulated with a somewhat lowered tongue elevation, close to the mid-high position.

The vowel made with mid tongue elevation is /ɔ/ (as in hawed).

The vowel with the lowest tongue elevation is /ɑ/ (as in palm). This is a fully open vowel sound
and it is produced with unrounded lips.

final, vowel is /ɒ/ (as in lot).

Central Vowel (/ɜ/, /ə/, /ʌ/)

Central vowels produced with the tongue elevated to the mid position. One is short and
unrounded and the other is long and rounded.

The vowel /ɜ/ (as in urban) is the long rounded vowel. 

The vowel /ə/ (as in annoy) is the counterpart vowel to /ɜ/, being unrounded and short. 

A third central vowel is /ʌ/ (as in hut). It is formed with unrounded lips and it is short.