PAVEMENT SURVEY EVALUATION MANUAL Alligator A Cracking Sometimes Alligator ‘A’ cracking appears as two parallel lines in the wheel path, this is termed Advanced Alligator 'A' tacking. Typically, this cracking is not viewed at levels high enough to warrant it's own rating class. Advanced 'A' is rated as Alligator'A’ if it is adjacent to Alligator 'A' eracking and/or rutting or pumping do aot exist. NOTE: Alligator 'A' cracking is rated even if it is sealed. Sometimes a thin maintenance seal may be covering Alligator ‘A’ cracking. If the cracking is showing through the seal either by depressions in the seal or by bleeding crack sealant, the cracks will be rated. Because of the importance of Alligator cracking it will be rated whenever detected. However, the cracking shall be marked as ‘ded ‘under the above conditions. RATING ENTRY: Severity: Alligator 'A! Extent: Peet In the wheel path. NOTE: The rater may enter paces directly into the rating sofware. ‘The paces will be converted to feet by using the raters preset pace value as set in the rater's personal information sezeen. Figure 3-3 Alligator Advanced A.PAVEMENT SURVEY EVALUATION MANUAL Alligator B Cracking Figure 3-4 Alligator B Cracking defined by Bleeding sealant Note — Pumping indicating fine cracking. Figure 3-5. Alligator B Cracking highlighted by pumping. Note ~ Sealed Transverse CrackingPAVEMENT SURVEY EVALUATION MANUAL Flexible Distress © Alligator B Cracking DESCRIPTION: Load related distress is the primary focus of the survey Alligatot 'B’ cracking is a load related distress. Load selated distress is caused by vehicle wheel loads. Cracking occurs when wheel loads exceed the design of the roadbed. One major factor that degrades a roadbed!'s ability to function as designed is the infiltration of water into the basement material. Alligator 'B' cracking is characterized by interconnected or interlaced cracks in the wheel path, forming a series of small polygons, (generally less than 1 foot on each side). ‘The cracking resembles the appearance of alligator skin, thus the term alligator cracking. ‘The wheel path is the portion of the traveled way where vehicles primarily travel. ‘The wheel path is not always a set distance from the centerline, it may vary depending on the alignment Of the road and traffie's pattern of travel. ‘The extent of Alligator B' is measured longitudinally as feet within the wheel path. A sample section is 100 feet long and consists of two wheel paths. Both wheel paths, with Alligator 'B' cracking for the full length of the sample location constitute 200 feet of cracking. Both Alligator 'A' and Alligator 'B" cracks may exist in the same sample section and/or in the same wheel path. The combined totals for each type of cracking cannot exceed 200 feet. Sometimes Alligator 'A' cracking appears as two parallel lines in the wheel path, this is termed Advanced Alligator 'A' cracking. ‘Typically, this cracking is not viewed at levels high enough to warrant its own rating class Advanced 'A’ is rated as Alligator 'B! if it is adjacent to Alligator 'B! eracking and/or rutting or pumping exist NOTE: Alligator 'B' cracking is rated even if it is sealed. Somerimes a thin maintenance seal may be covering Alligator 'B' cracking. If the cracking is showing through the seal either by depressions in the seal or by bleeding crack sealant, the cracks will be rated. Because of the importance of Alligator cracking it will be rated whenever devected. However, the cracking shall be marked as ‘closed’ under the above conditions 4PAVEMENT SURVEY EVALUATION MANUAL Alligator B Cracking Figure 3.6. Alligator B Cracking. Note — Pumping Figure 3-7 Alligator B Cracking. Note ~ Left wheelpath is ciose to the centerline 2PAVEMENT SURVEY EVALUATION MANUAL Alligator B Cracking RATING ENTRY: Feet In the wheel path. NOTE: ‘The rater may enter paces directly into the rating software. The paces will be converted to feet by using the raters preset pace value as set in the rater's personal information screen. S Figure 3-8 Fine Alligator B Cracking bleeding through a chip seal and highlighted by pumping stains. 43PAVEMENT SURVEY EVALUATION MANUAL Flexible Distress © Alligator C Cracking DESCRIPTION: Load related distress is the primary focus of the survey. Alligator 'C’ cracking is a load related distress. Load related distress is caused by vehicle wheel loads. Cracking occurs when wheel loads exceed the design of the roadbed. One ‘majot factor that degrades a roadbed's ability to function as designed is the infiltration of water into the basement material. Alligator 'C’ cracking is characterized by interconnected or interlaced cracks axdside the wheel path, forming a seties of small polygons, (generally less than 1 foot on cach side). ‘The cracking resembles the appeatance of alligator skin, thus the term alligator cracking, The wheel path is the portion of the traveled way where vehicles primarily travel. The wheel path is not always a set distance from the centerline, it may vary depending on the alignment Of the road and traffie's pattern of travel. ‘The extent of Alligator 'C' is measured longitudinally as feet outside the wheel path. Alligator 'C' will be estimated as greater than or less than 25%, (75 feet). A sample section is 100 feet long and consists of two wheel paths and three areas outside those wheel paths. All three areas, with Alligator 'C' cracking for the full length of the sample location constitute 300 feet or > 25% of cracking. ‘This condition is used as an illustration and will rarely, if at all, be seen. Conversely, 29 feet of Alligator 'C’ in a sample section will be rated as < 25%, NOTE; Alligator 'C' cracking is rated even if it is sealed. Sometimes a thin maintenance seal may be covering Alligator 'C’ cracking. If the cracking is showing through the seal either by depressions in the seal or by bleeding crack sealant, the cracks will be rated. Because of the importance of Alligator cracking it will be rated whenever detected. However, the cracking shall be marked as ‘closed’ under the above conditions. 4PAVEMENT SURVEY EVALUATION MANUAL Alligator C Cracking RATING ENTRY: Severity: Alligator Estent: <25% Outside the wheel path, > 25% Uns Figure 3.9 Aligator C Cracking appearing between the wheelpaths with associated Aligator B Cracking 418PAVEMENT SURVEY EVALUATION MANUAL Figure 3-11 Bleeding. Note - Rutting with Shoving on the outside ofthe right wheelpath Figure 3-12. Bleeding as excess asphatt rising tothe roadway surface on a chip seal, 16PAVEMENT SURVEY EVALUATION MANUAL Flexible Distress @ Bleeding DESCRIPTION: Bleeding is a film of free asphalt on the surface of the pavement creating a shiny, reflective surface. Bleeding results from an over rich asphalt mixture. In warm weather the asphalt rises to the surface of the pavement resulting in a lower coefficient of friction, or loss of traction, NOTE: A chip seal that has lost aggregate in large quantities reveals the underlying asphalt. ‘This asphalt, while not bleeding in the conventional sense, results in the same loss of traction and therefore will be rated as Bleeding. RATING ENTRY: 25% Or mote of the sample section. Figure 3-13 Classic Bleeding as free asphalt rising tothe roadway surface. 7PAVEMENT SURVEY EVALUATION MANUAL Longitudinal Cracking Figure 3-14 Longitudinal Cracking next to centertine. Figure 3-15 Longitudinal Cracking parallel to the lane stripes. Note - Much of the ‘shown cracking is reflective due to underlying rigid pavement.PAVEMENT SURVEY EVALUATION MANUAL Flexible Distress Longitudinal Crac! DESCRIPTION: Longitudinal cracks ate non-load associated cracks. Longitudinal cracks are single cracks approximately parallel to the centerline. ‘These cracks are primarily due to the contraction and shrinkage of the surface course, reflection from underlying pavement joints, poorly constructed paving joints, or toadbed settlement NOTE: Longitudinal cracks in the wheel path are normally rated as Alligator ‘A’, However, reflection cracks in the wheel path should be rated as Longitudinal Cracking because they are non-load associated. When rating crack width, log the overall predominate crack width. RATING ENTRY: Severity: <1" (Overall crack width >1/4" Extent: <100" ‘Total length of all longitudinal cracks 100" to 200° >200" NOTE: Longitudinal cracks are rated in ranges. The total of all Longitudinal cracks in the sample area are rated as being <100 feet, between 100 to 200 feet, or > 200 feet. 2PAVEMENT SURVEY EVALUATION MANUAL Patching Figure 3-16 Hand Patching in the wheel paths. Figure 3-17. Failed Hand Patching 20PAVEMENT SURVEY EVALUATION MANUAL Flexible Distress Patching DESCRIPTION: Load related distress is the primary focus of the survey. Patches are important to the Survey because they often cover up underlying structural weakness, and do not correct the basic structural deficiency. Patches are temporary or permanent corrections to damaged pavement. The wheel path is the portion of the traveled way where vehicles primarily travel. The whee] path is not always a set distance from the centerline, it may vary depending on the alignment of the road and traffic's pattern of travel. “The extent of Patching is measured longitudinally as feet within the wheel path A sample section is 100 feet long and consists of two wheel paths. Both wheel paths, with Patching for the full length of the sample location constitute 200 fect of Patching Both Alligator 'A’ cracks, Alligator 'B' cracks, and Patching may exist in the same sample section and/or in the same wheel path. When a condition such as this exists, rate the Patching and Alligator 'B' only, disregard the Alligator 'A'. ‘The reasoning behind this method is; Patching and Alligator ‘B’ trigger for rehabilitation work, whereas Alligator ‘A does not, thus Patching and Alligator ‘B’ are more important concerns. ‘The combined totals of Alligator 'B’ cracking and Patching cannot exceed 200 feet. Long Patches: Patching over 5 mile for the full width of the lane. If the patch extends cover 5 mile rate the beginning of the patch. Then, if the patch is consistent, drive to the end of the patch to finish the sample. If the Patch is not consistent stop and resample. Old Patching that is ctacked as if it were the original pavement and appears as old asphalt should be rated as the original pavement and not Parching. Patching that is the full width of the lane and extends beyond the sample section will change the Surface ype to that of the patch. 2