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RCP Standard
RCP Standard
I. In RCP manufacturer:
a. Concrete mix design of RCP must be provided
b. Material:
(*) Check sand, stone and cement to make sure that the type, size are in
conformity with the approved mix design. The material must be clean without
impurities. Mechanical, physical criteria must be suitable with technical
requirement (take a sample on site for testing)
(*) Reinforced steel must be in accordance with designed type (steel samples are
taken on site for testing).
(*) Cement: cement must be sulfate- resistant as designed (samples are taken on
site for testing)
(*) Water for mixing concrete: meet technical requirement of TCXDVN 324:2004
c. During Fabrication - Pipe Casting Time:
(i) Contractor provide Invoice showing number of sacks of cement
delivered to manufacturer.
(ii) Inspector to view these sacks, count them and confirm the number of
sacks.
(iii) Factory/ Contractor keeps a tabular record, updated daily, showing:
Date, Pipe Diameter, Number of Pipes Cast, Sacks of Cement used,
Totals To Date (Pipes, Sacks). Inspectors will review this table
frequently, confirm that it is accurate, and sign the Table accepted.
(iv) Factory to save empty Cement Sacks and stock them in one location
for Inspector’s use.
(v) One sample group for concrete compressive strength (include 03 cubes
per group) to test 28-day compressive strength will be taken for every
RCP lot, frequency according to Vietnamese Regulation.
(vi) Completed Pipe are to be placed side by side in an area designated for
PIIP Pipes.
(vii) All Pipe for use on PIIP Project will be marked to clearly identify
them as such .
(viii) Inspector will inspect the physical quality of each Pipe before it is
approved for delivery to the Contract Site.
(ix) Inspector will assure that the correct weight (number of sacks) of
cement is used to fabricate each Pipe of each diameter and will-
document this by the above-noted tabular record and by counting
number of sacks delivered and used.
(x) When Pipe approved for delivery are delivered to the Contract Site,
Inspector will again inspect the physical quality of the Pipes to assure
no damage occurred during Storage and delivery to the Site.
II. Checking pipe on the site:
1. Visual check
Check the inside, outside of the pipe with eyes, the pipe surface must be smooth and
not rough. The two ends of the pipe must be steadily round, not de-formed or cracked.
The pipe must not have the steel or the rusty color outside.
2. Check by equipment:
(*) Checking equipment:
- Steel ruler having the accuracy to 1mm.
- Caliper having the accuracy to 1mm
- Feeler gage to check the crack and the feeler thickness is from 0.05 to 1.0mm.
- Magnifier, magnifying degree is from 5 to 10 times
(*) Checking: In one product lot, take 5 random products for checking
a. Checking the smoothness of the surface:
o The surface inside and outside of the pipe must be smooth. There must not
be any rough point or hollow point which is more than 5mm. Measure the
depth of the hollow point.
o Put the ruler along the element of the pipe, then stake the scroll bar of the
caliper to the bottom of the hollow area, measure the distance from the
bottom of the hollow area to the edge of the ruler.
o The surface of the pipe must not have any hollow which is bigger than or
equal to 12mm.
o If the pipe has some error due to transporting process or mould
dissembling, the cracked area must be <=(6xDdd)mm2, in which the area
of each cracked piece is <=(3xDdd)mm2. Ddd is the inner diameter of the
pipe. Measure the creaked area similar to the equivalent round or draw a
square grid to measure.
b. Surface crack: Crack on surface due to deformation is allowed, but the crack’s
width must not exceed 0.1mm. These cracks will be filled by trowel with
cement mortar.
Measure the concrete crack: if there is a crack, apply the end of the feeler gage
on the crack to determine the width and the depth of the crack.
Change of RCP concrete’s color: acceptable. However, if the color change is
caused by the the rusted steel, then the pipe doesn’t meet the quality
requirement.
c. Checking the diameter and thickness of the actual pipe and compare it with
the design. The tolerance is mentioned in Table 1- TCXDVN 372:2006- Drain
pipe.
d. Thickness of steel protection concrete layer: the thickness is regulated to be
>=12mm. Determine the thickness:
o Drill two holes on the pipe surface up to the steel position and measure
with the caliper (thrust the scroll bar of the clipper into the holes). Use
cement mortar to fill the drilled holes, or
o Chisel a trench of 30cm length, 2.5cm width to reveal the steel or cut the
pipe’s section to measure the thickness pf steel protection layer.
e. The straightness of the RCP: The pipe must meet the straightness standard of
the two site (inner and outside). The straightness tolerance (flexure) according
to the length is 1mm/metre.
f. Perpendicularity of the pipe’s end: The pipe end ‘s cross section must be
perpendicular to the outside element. Depending on the nominal diameter, the
deviation of the Perpendicularity of the pipe’s end & cannot exceed the value
in Table 2 (TCXDVN 372:2006)
g. Testing the loading capacity of the pipe:
(*) Requirement on the compressive strength of the concrete: ensure that the
compressive strength is in accordance with the design (The tested concretes
which are 28 days old attain the designed compressive strength)
(*) Requirement on the load capacity of the pipe: using destructive test
method (3 sides test) depending on the load capacity, the pipe must attain
three following types of force:
-Crack resistance (crack resistance load): is the compressive force
stipulated for each kind of pipe with the specified load capacity kept at
least in 1 minute without any crack.
-Working force (working load): is the compressive force which is used in
the design calculation. The stipulated compressive force is kept in 1
minute if no crack or small crack (depth <=2mm or width <=0.25mm)
appears.
-Maximum force (maximum load or destruction load) is the maximum
compressive force which the pipe can bear.
Three above mentioned compressive forces are for each load level relevant
to each kind of nominal diameter defined in Table 3 (TCXDVN 372:2006)
For each test: cut a pipe section which is 1.0m long to test with destructive
test method (3 sides) (can compress at the end of pipe section which is
1000mm long for longer pipe without cutting for specific testing).
Testing the load capacity of the pipe
(*) Testing principle: the testing is done by destructive test method (3
sides). When compressing, the tested pipe is put in a location that it can
border 3 hard bars along the 3 element of the pipe as shown in picture 8.
(*) Testing device & equipment:
-Hydraulic press or mechanical compressor which use hydraulic jack
system. The compressor must be installed with the force measuring
machine having the suitable scale of force so that testing load must be
from 20 to 80% of maximum value of force scale. The accuracy of this
press is in (*)-2% of the stipulated testing load.
-Two buffer bars are made from solid steel (or solid wood) they must
be straight and flat. The buffer bar is 1000mm long. Other dimension
are shown in picture 8.
-Two buffer bars are put parallels, the distance between two inside
edges is >=23mm. The rubber buffers’ hardness is 45-60
-The above force transmission bar is made by hard steel with 1000mm
length and was rested on the pipe through a rubble gasket that have the
above-mentioned specifications. The transmission bar must be straight,
the deviation does not exceed 2.5mm/m compared with the straight
line. The compressive force of the machine contact the middle point of
transmission bar’s length and regularly distribute to the element of the
pole that contact the transmission bar.
-The tacked caliper ruler that have diameter of 2.5mm have the
standard thickness of 2.5mm and is used for measuring the width of
the crack (picture 09)
-Steel ruler or retractable steel ruler can be used to measure the length
of 100mm with 1mm accuracy.
(*) Testing:
- Prepare the sample for testing: with each product lot, it is necessary to
take at least 02 pipes as testing sample and the length of trial pipe is
1000mm or from the longer pipe.
- Putting the tested pipe on the two gasket bar firmly.
- Mark the middle point of the inner edge of the two buffer bar at the
front of the trial pipe. Connect the two point (the lower element), draw
the second element that is symmetric with the below element through
the axis of trial pipe (which is the higher element). Put the gasket and
transmission bar on the above element (picture No 08)
- Start the machine so that the force can contact the middle point of the
transmission bar and load gradually to 10% of the regulated
compressive force. Retain the load to check the entire system: how
stable the scaffold system is, whether the support-bar and transmission
bar contact regularly to the pipe. Then increase the load to
200kn/minute speed. When attaining the crack resistance that is
regulated at Table 03 and in conformity with regulated size of tested
sample, keep the loading within 01 minute and observe in order to
discover any crack.
- If there is no crack, continue increasing the load until attaining the
working force, keep the load within 01 minute and observe the crack.
If there is still no crack or small crack, (deepness<=2mm, width
<=0.25mm, defined by caliper ruler) then continue to increase the load
but slowly with speed of 44Kn/minute until it is destructive. Record
the highest volume of the compressive force that can archive. This is
the maximum compressive force or destructive force.
(*) Evaluate the results:
- When testing compressive strength to the crack resistance force and do
not observe any crack, the pipe meet crack resistance force
requirement.
On the contrary, the pipes do not meet the requirement of force
resistance standard.
- When the testing load is equal to working load, if there is no crack or
the crack is small (width <=0.25mm and depth <=2mm), the pipe
meets the requirement for working load. On the contrary, the pipe does
not meet the requirement for working load.
- When testing to destroy the pipe, if the force attains the stipulated
maximum value, the pipe meets the stipulated requirement for the
maximum load.
- In case the maximum compressive force is higher than the stipulated
maximum force, but does not attain the maximum value of the priory-
tested pipe that has higher compressive value (Table 3), the pipe is
only considered to meet the requirement for stipulated maximum load.
If it attains the maximum value of the close pipe, that pipe is
considered to have bigger load than stipulated.
- The pipe lot is accepted when all (2) tested pipes meet the
requirement. If one of them does not meet the requirement, we will test
2 more pipes for each unacceptable pipe. After the second test, if the
pipes meet the requirement, that pipe lot is accepted. If those pipes do
not meet the requirement, each pipe will be checked for acceptance.
h. Check the water absorbency of the pipe:
The water proof capacity of the pipe is shown by the hydrostatic pressure
capacity when the pipe is full of water without water absorbency through the
pipe wall. The specification defines the water proof capacity of pipe working
at high pressure system to pressure 2m water column.
- For each pipe lot, we take 3 pipes which are 28 days old to test the
water absorbency.
Testing:
(*) For the pipes which can not sustain the high pressure: put the pipe bottom
on the rough, smooth, waterproof ground. Fill the intersection of pipe end and
ground so that the water can not leak out. Fill the pipe with water 10mm from
the pipe’s edge and keep the water in a time period depending on the pipe
thickness.
Drain thickness Water keeping period
8cm 36 hours
16cm
48 hours
20cm 60 hours
24cm 72 hours
After the testing period, we should observe the outside of pipe whether
it is absorbent or not.
o If it is not absorbent, the pipe attains the water-proof quality.
o If one of three tested pipes is absorbent, we will take three other
pipes to test.
o If one of these is absorbent again, that pipe lot does not meet the
waterproof requirement. Each pipe of this pipe lot will be checked
for acceptance.
(*) For the pipes which can sustain the high pressure:
-Bind 2 pipes together, put it on the ground and cover 2 ends. The
pipes are tightened to avoid moving. Fill the pipe with water in order to
create pressure equivalent to 2m water column. The pressure is
increased gradually to 2m water column and kept in 3 minutes.
-If the pipe surface does not show absorbency, that pipe lot meets the
requirement.
-If the pipe surface shows absorbency, the test will be done with other
two pipes.
-If there is still any absorbency with these two pipes, this pipe lot does
not meet the requirement on the waterproof at high pressure. Each pipe
of this pipe lot will be checked for acceptance.
i. Check the accessories of the pipe:
The accompanied accessories may be:
- Soft connection round made by rubber or plastic in accordance with the
design.
- Pipe belt in accordance with the design.
- Other accessories for installation of the pipe: pipe foundation in
accordance with the design.
j. Label, maintenance and delivery:
(*) Label: the pipe must have:
- Manufacturer name
- Nominal diameter, useful length, load.
- Product lot number
- Date of manufacturing
(*) When the pipe is finished, quality certificate must be provided, with the
following content:
- Manufacturer name
- Pipe type and loading level
- Number of finished pipes and lot number
- Manufacturing date
(*) Delivery:
The pipes are only loaded and delivered when the compressive strength of
concrete attains at least 70% of the designed compressive strength.
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