Technical Paper

Design of horizontal drains for the

mitigation of liquefaction risk
Author links open overlay panelGianlucaFasanoDomenicoDe
SarnoEmilioBilottaAlessandroFlora
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2019.07.004 Get rights and content

Abstract
Drainage is one of the most popular protecting measures to mitigate
ground liquefaction. Deploying the drains horizontally may be
convenient where conventional vertical ones cannot be used, like
beneath existing structures. The spacing among drains must be
designed to limit the pore pressure build-up during shaking. The usual
assumptions of radial consolidation around vertical drains, stemming
from the assumption of an infinite number of drains, may not be
appropriate for horizontal ones, since the latter are generally arranged
in few rows at a shallow depth, especially if drainage at the ground
level is possible as well. Hence, existing solutions for vertical
“earthquake” drains have been modified in this work to take into
account such different geometrical features. The resulting solution has
been validated against numerical and experimental sets of data.
Charts covering a wide range of geometrical layouts, soil properties,
and seismic actions are finally proposed. They can be used to design
 the drain spacing that is needed so as not to exceed the target value of
excess pore pressure in the ground.

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Keywords
Liquefaction
Risk mitigation
Drainage
Horizontal drains
Consolidation
Design approach
Peer review under responsibility of The Japanese Geotechnical Society.

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© 2019 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of The Japanese Geotechnical
Society.

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